Synergistic effect of Foeniculum vulgare essential oil on the antibacterial activities of Ag- and Cu-substituted ZnO nanorods (ZnO-NRs) against food, human and plant pathogenic bacterial disease agents

Soylu, SonerKara, MerveTurkmen, MusaSahin, Bunyamin2024-09-182024-09-1820221387-70031879-0259https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2022.110103https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12483/11302In the present work, bare, Ag-and Cu-substituted ZnO nanorods (ZnO-NRs) were prepared by a simple, low-cost synthesis temperature and inexpensive solution-based growth method with low synthesis temperature. In addition to the physical properties of the bare, Ag-and Cu-substituted ZnO-NRs, the antibacterial activities of fennel essential oil (EO) incorporated into the ZnO-NRs against opportunistic food (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis) and plant pathogenic (Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola) bacterial disease agents were also investigated. X-ray diffraction patterns showed the hexagonal wurtzite phase of ZnO. FESEM images confirmed the production of nanorod-like morphology with an average diameter of about 200 nm. The antibacterial ac-tivities of the bare, Ag-and Cu-substituted ZnO NRs varied depending on the bacterial isolates tested. The highest antibacterial activity was detected against the Gram-positive bacterial isolate Bacillus subtilis. The antibacterial activities were significantly enhanced by doping the bare ZnO NRs with Cu and Ag. This enhancement is more pronounced for Cu-substituted ZnO-NRs (up to 160.1 %) than for Ag-substituted ZnO-NRs (up to 32.1 %). Although fennel EO and bare ZnO-NRs possess antibacterial activities, the antibacterial activities of bare, Ag-and Cu-substituted ZnO-NRs increased dramatically after the incorporation of fennel EO. This increase is more sig-nificant for EO incorporated Cu-substituted ZnO-NRs (212.1 %) than for Ag-substituted ZnO-NRs (up to 52.1 %). In conclusion, doping bare ZnO-NRs with Cu and Ag resulted in superior antibacterial activity, while incorpo-rating fennel EO into bare, Cu-and Ag-substituted ZnO-NRs led to a synergistic effect in terms of their anti-bacterial activities.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessNanorodsZnOPlant essential oilAntibacterial propertiesSynergic effectsSynergistic effect of Foeniculum vulgare essential oil on the antibacterial activities of Ag- and Cu-substituted ZnO nanorods (ZnO-NRs) against food, human and plant pathogenic bacterial disease agentsArticle14610.1016/j.inoche.2022.1101032-s2.0-85140044106Q2WOS:000878624600004Q1