Guzeloglu, MehmetAykut, KorayAlbayrak, GokhanAtmaca, SonerOktar, SuleymanBagriyanik, AlperHazan, Eyup2024-09-182024-09-1820131341-10982186-1005https://doi.org/10.5761/atcs.oa.12.02017https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12483/11330Purpose: Intimal thickening, which results from the response to arterial damage caused by therapeutic interventions or other reasons, is usually called as neointima. Neointimal hyperplasia is a main step in the pathogenesis of late-term restenosis, which is developed after vascular interventions. Reduction in nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling plays a substantial role in the pathogenesis of neointima formation. Phosphodiesterase V is detected in the peripheral coronary and pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells and in the cardiac tissue. Based on the effects of phosphodiesterase V inhibitors on vascular smooth muscle cells, in the present study, the effect of tadalafil, a new member of phosphodiesterase V inhibitors, on neointimal hyperplasia was investigated in the rabbit carotid artery anastomosis model. Materials and Methods: Fourteen male New Zealand white rabbits weighing between 2.5-3 kg, were used. The rabbits were randomly divided into two equal groups; tadalafil group received oral tadalafil (2 mg/kg/day), and PBS group received sterile PBS solution (normal saline; 2 mg/kg/day) for 28 days after the surgery. The right carotid arteries of all rabbits were anastomosed in an end-to-end fashion using 8/0 polypropylene suture. The rabbits were sacrificed at the end of the postoperative period of 28 days. After sacrificing, firstly anastomosis segment on the right carotid artery and secondly a part of the left carotid artery (as control) of each rabbit were removed. Morphometric examination of tissue sections was performed under a light microscope connected to an image capture system. Results: There was a significant difference between the right and left carotid arteries in terms of intimal area and intima/media ratio both in tadalafil and PBS groups (p <0.001 for each). Intimal area and intima/media ratio were increased in the right carotid arteries compared to the left carotid arteries (p <0.001 for each). Besides, when the right carotid arteries of both groups were compared using covariance analysis, it was observed that intimal area and intima/media ratio in the anastomosis site were significantly reduced with tadalafil treatment (p <0.001). Conclusion: The present study was promising in terms of tadalafil use as a new agent for the prevention of neointimal hyperplasia, which is the leading cause of late-term graft failure in vascular surgery.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessNeointimatadalafilnitric oxidecyclic guanosine monophosphate signalingrabbitArticle19646847410.5761/atcs.oa.12.0201723364230WOS:000328700800011Q4