Sari, AysegulDikmen, Nursel KayaNibali, Luigi2024-09-182024-09-1820231618-12471618-1255https://doi.org/10.1007/s10266-023-00797-xhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12483/11642Some studies have suggested potential relationships between periodontal disease and COVID-19, explained by many possible pathological pathways. The aim of this case-control study with a longitudinal arm was to investigate this association. 80 systemically healthy individuals (apart from COVID-19) were involved in this study, divided into 40 patients who had recently had COVID-19 (test, divided into severe and mild/moderate cases) and 40 who had not had COVID-19 (control). Clinical periodontal parameters and laboratory data were recorded. Mann-Whitney U test, Wilcoxon test, and chi-square test were performed to compare variables. Multiple binary logistic regression method was used to estimate adjusted ORs and 95% confidence interval. Hs-CRP-1 and 2, Ferritin-1 and 2, lymphocyte count-1 values, and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio-1 were higher in patients with severe COVID-19 than patients with mild/moderate COVID-19 (p < 0.05). All of these laboratory values significantly decreased after COVID-19 treatment (p < 0.05) in the test group. Presence of periodontitis (p = 0.015) was higher and periodontal health was lower (p = 0.002) in the test group than in the control group. All clinical periodontal parameters were significantly higher in the test group than in the control group (p < 0.05), except plaque index. Prevalence of periodontitis was associated with increased odds of having COVID-19 infection (PR = 1.34; 95% CI 0.23-2.45) in the multiple binary logistic regression. COVID-19 is associated with periodontitis prevalence, through a series of possible mechanisms including local and systemic inflammatory responses. Further studies should investigate whether the maintenance of periodontal health may be a factor in the reduction of the severity of COVID-19 infections.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessPeriodontal diseasePeriodontitisCOVID-19Cytokine stormArticle11141009101710.1007/s10266-023-00797-x368672802-s2.0-85149307635Q1WOS:000943032200001Q2