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    Spatial and temporal variations of water quality parameters in orontes river (Hatay, Turkey)
    (2009) A?ca, Necat; Ödemis, Berkant; Yalçin, Mehmet
    Orontes (Asi) River, which is one of the important water sources in the Middle East, rises in Lebanon, runs through Syria and Turkey and discharges into the Medi- terranean Sea at the southern edge of Samanda?, Hatay in Turkey. In this study, it is purposed to determine spatial and temporal variations of physicochemical properties and metal contents of Orontes River. Water samples were taken from 12 sampling sites on the Orontes River at six different periods. Water temperatures were measured at each site at the sampling times. Electrical conductivity (EC), pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), Na, K, Ca, Mg, Al, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, P, Pb, Zn, CO3, HCO 3, and Cl deter- minations were made on the water samples. Heavy metal concentrations of the Orontes River were found to be con- siderably low owing to the relatively low industrial activ- ity in the basin. However, the presence of high concentra- tions of P especially around Antakya city was possibly due to the untreated sewage sludge discharge into this river. The seasonal and spatial fluctuations in the pH values were not excessive. The EC values at the sampling sites were found to be on the higher range in terms of salinity (754.5- 1699.6 ?S cm-1). Both the EC and TDS values increased markedly in the rainy season probably due to the contri- bution of salts leaching from nearby lands. It can be con- cluded that soluble salts and the high P content are the most critical respective parameters threatening the agricul- ture and aquatic life in the lower Orontes River basin.