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    The effect of Thyme (Thymbra spicata L var. spicata) essential oil on the antioxidant potential and meat quality of Japanese Quail fed in various stocking densities
    (Ataturk Universitesi, 2019) Önel, Süleyman Ercüment; Aksu, Taylan
    This study was conducted to determine the antioxidant effect of the Thyme (Thymbra spicata L. var. spicata) essential oil on meat quality of Japanese Quail fed in various stocking densities. In this study, a total of up to 7-day age 300 Japanese Quails (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) chickens were used and theexperimental period lasted for 28 days. The chickens were divided into 6 groups, each containing 50 chicks Control group (CONT), High stocking density control group (HSD-CONT), an antibiotic group (HSD-ANT), zahter oil groups (HSD-T1, T2, T3). At the end of the study, serum MDA level was found significantly higher in the HSD-ANT group than the other groups (P<0.01). It was determined that the stocking density has a significant effect on the pH and colour of brisket (P<0.01). Moreover, inclusions of thyme essential oil supplementation into the diets of quails fed in high stocking density provided various levels of improvements on antioxidant potantial, and especially thyme EO at 600 mg per kg were found more effective to ameliorete the detrimental effects of oxidative stress caused by high stocking density. © 2019 Ataturk Universitesi. All rights reserved.
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    The effect of Thyme (Thymbra spicata L. var. spicata) Essential oil on the antioxidant potential and meat quality of Japanese quail fed in various stocking densities
    (Atatürk Üniversitesi, 2019) Önel, Süleyman Ercüment; Aksu, Taylan
    This study was conducted to determine the antioxidant effect of the Thyme (Thymbra spicata L. var. spicata) essential oil on meat quality of Japanese Quail fed in various stocking densities. In this study, a total of up to 7-day age 300 Japanese Quails (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) chickens were used and theexperimental period lasted for 28 days. The chickens were divided into 6 groups, each containing 50 chicks Control group (CONT), High stocking density control group (HSD-CONT), an antibiotic group (HSD-ANT), zahter oil groups (HSD-T1, T2, T3). At the end of the study, serum MDA level was found significantly higher in the HSD-ANT group than the other groups (P<0.01). It was determined that the stocking density has a significant effect on the pH and colour of brisket (P<0.01). Moreover, inclusions of thyme essential oil supplementation into the diets of quails fed in high stocking density provided various levels of improvements on antioxidant potantial, and especially thyme EO at 600 mg per kg were found more effective to ameliorete the detrimental effects of oxidative stress caused by high stocking density.
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    Effects of Adding Murt Volatile Oil (Myrtus Communis) to Japanese Quail Diets on Growth, Feed Consumption, Carcass, Some Blood and Tissue Characteristics in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation
    (2022) Önel, Süleyman Ercüment; Alaşahan, Sema; Küçükgül, Altuğ; İşgör, Mehmet Mustafa; Kanat, Özgür; Hark, Betül Dağoğlu
    This study, it was aimed to determine the effects of murt volatile oil added to the diet on Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced inflammation on body weight, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, slaughter characteristics, some blood and organ parameters in quails. The study groups were formed as follows: control (commercial chick starter feed), M group (commercial chick starter + 200 mg/kg Murt volatile oil), MLPS group (commercial chick starter + 1 mg/kg-17th day and 7.5 mg/kg- 24th day intrabdominal LPS administered group) and LPS (commercial chick starter feed + 1 mg/kg 17th day and 7.5 mg/kg - 24th day intraabdominal LPS administered group). The study, 4 experimental groups consisting of 40 (4x10) quail chicks were formed and the fattening period lasted for 36 days. The study, blood and liver OSI (Oxidative stress index) values were found to be lower in the M and MLPS groups with murt supplementation than in the control groups without murt addition. During the study, the body weight value was determined lower in the groups with Murt added than in the groups without Murt addition. In addition, the feed conversion ratio was significantly better in the M group with murt supplementation between the 5th and 33rd days than in the other groups. Significant differences were determined between the groups in terms of gizzard ratio and chest+back+neck+wing ratio values. In the study, macroscopic and histopathological hyperemia was not observed in the small intestines, there was an increase in cell infiltration in other groups with added murt compared to the control group, and degeneration and necrosis of the epithelium were detected more prominently. In the study, it was determined that the addition of murt to quail compound feed had a positive effect on growth performance, feed consumption and feed efficiency.
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    The Effects of Aquilaria agallocha Roxb. Volatile Oil on In Vitro Ruminal Gas Production, Methane Emission, Volatile Fatty Acide Amountsand Protozoa Counts of Total Mixed Ration of Dairy Cattle
    (2021) Önel, Süleyman Ercüment; Kara, Kanber; Gül, Mehmet; Öztaş, Mehmet Akif; Yılmaz, Sena
    Methane (CH4), a major greenhouse gas produced during ruminal fermentation, has a significant ratio in both the economic and ecological impact of global climate change. Literature reports have been published, which suggest that dietary supplementation with plant volatile oils reduces methane emissions in ruminant production. This in vitro study was aimed at investigating the effects of agarwood (Aquilaria agallocha Roxb.) volatile oil on in vitro ruminal gas production, methane emission, ruminal organic acids and protozoa counts of total mixed ration (TMR) of dairy cattle. Component analyses were performed for agarwood (Aquilaria agallocha Roxb.) volatile oil. The effects of agarwood volatile oil, added to ruminal fluid at levels of 5, 10 and 15 µL/0.2 g dry matter (DM) (Groups A0, A5, A10 and A15), on in vitro ruminal digestion were determined based on in vitro gas production. In conclusion, it was ascertained that the addition of 10 µL of Aquilaria agallocha Roxb. volatile oil to ruminal fluid positively affected in vitro ruminal gas production and digestion parameters of total mixed ration (TMR) of dairy cattle, and showed an antimethanogenic effect.
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    The Effects of Laurel Volatile Oil (Laurusnobilis L.)on In Vitro Ruminal Gas Production of Methane Emission, Organic Acids and Protozoa Counts Alfalfa Herbage
    (2020) Önel, Süleyman Ercüment; Aksu, Taylan; Kara, Kanber; Aksu, Devrim Sarıpınar
    The aim of the present in vitrostudy was to investigate the effects of laurel volatile oil, (Laurusnobilis L.)on ruminal gas production, methane emission, organic acids and protozoa counts of Alfalfa herbage. The components of laurel volatile oil were analysed. The effects of the addition of laurel volatile oil, at levels of 0, 50, 100 and 200 mg/L (L0, L50, L100 and L200), to the rumen fluid onin vitroruminal digestion were determined using byin vitro gas produc-tion technique. The addition of 50 mg/L of laurel volatile oil decreased total gas and methane production (ml), organic matter digestion (OMD), and metabolic energy (ME) values. On the other hand, the addition of this oil at levels of 100 mg/L and 200 mg/L was observed not to alter the in vitrototal gas, methane (ml), ME and OMD values (P<0.05). While ruminal ammonia nitrogen levels decreased in Groups L50 and L100, no alteration was detected in Group L200 (P<0.05). Ruminal protozoa counts did not affected by the addition of laurel volatile oil within a range of 50-200 mg/L (P>0.05). The amounts of the total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) and butyric acid (BA) in the in vitrofermentation fluid of alfalfa herbage were low in all groups. It was determined that laurel volatile oil (LaurusnobilisL.) caused dose-dependent alterations in the in vitrodigestion parameters.As a result, it has been determined that the active substanc-es in Laurusnobilis L. essential oil may have regulation power on ruminal fermentation. It is thought that more research is needed to reveal the effects of Laurusnobilis L. volatile in terms of both ecological and digestive system physiology by using different feed types and essential oil combinations.
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    Effects of waiting period before milking on orotic, uric and hippuric acid contents of milks from Shami and Kilis goats
    (Ankara Üniversitesi, 2018) Güler, Zehra; Keskin, Mahmut; Dursun, Ahmet; Gül, Sabri; Gündüz, Zühal; Önel, Süleyman Ercüment
    The organic acids present in milk in varying quantities can reflect the health condition of the animals and the nutritional quality of milk. In rural areas, goats are maintained in pasture during whole day and milking is being started as soon as goats arrive to farm. However, it is not known whether milking during feeding as soon as goats return from pasture or after 1 hour-waiting have any effect on nitrogen-containing organic acids are the body metabolism products. Therefore, in this study we objected to determine the effects of 1 hour-waiting period before milking on orotic, uric and hippuric acids of milks from “Shami (Damascus)” and “Kilis” goat breeds during lactation period. The trial was carried out with 40 goats. The 20 goats from each breed were randomly separated to two groups at equal number. Control and experimental groups of the both breeds were milked during feeding as soon as goats return from pasture and after 1 hour-waiting following feeding, respectively. The milk samples taken with interval 30 days from May to October were used for organic acid analysis at a reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. During lactation hippuric acid was the most abundant organic acid, followed by orotic and uric acids. Experimental group of Kilis goats had the highest level of hippuric acid. Orotic acid was higher in Shami goats than that in Kilis breed. Uric acid was the highest in control group of Shami breed. The 1 hour-waiting period before milking resulted in a significant decrease in uric acid. In general, orotic and uric acid decreased towards the end of lactation whereas hippuric acid markedly increased in the last 3 months of lactation. It was concluded that the 1 hour-waiting before milking after returning from pasture may be especially suggested to Shami goat raisers due to the low uric acid content of the milk.
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    Microsatellite panels for parentage testing of Kilis goats reared in Turkey
    (TÜBİTAK, 2019) Keskin, Mahmut; Yılmaz, Onur; Gündüz, Zuhal; Ata, Nezih; Gül, Sabri; Cemal, İbrahim; Karaca, Orhan; Önel, Süleyman Ercüment
    The aim of this study was to develop PCR-based suitable microsatellite marker panels for paternity testing and to define pedigree errors in Kilis goats. A total of 137 head of goats were used, consisting of 118 head of kids and 19 head of possible candidate sires. A total of 392 alleles were observed in 22 microsatellite markers. Allele numbers ranged between 12 (SRCRSP7) and 24 (BM1818, INRA0023, and SRCRSP15) with an average of 17.82. The mean value of the effective allele numbers was obtained as 9.44. The overall polymorphic information content value was quite high (0.88). The overall observed (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He) values for all studied loci were 0.89 and 0.89, respectively. Paternity test panels for the Kilis goat population studied were created based on individual probability of exclusion of microsatellites in multiplex groups. Combined probability of exclusion (CPE) values for different panels ranged between 0.745 (Panel-1) and 0.9999 (Panel-22), while the combined identification probability (CPI) values were obtained in the range of 9.81 × 10–3 (Panel-1) to 6.96 × 10–21 (Panel-22). As a result of this study, it can be stated that panels with 0.999 CPE values can be used at the most reasonable cost and with high reliability in paternity tests to be performed in Kilis goats, which can be a reference for other populations.
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    Zahter (THYMBRA spicata L. var. spicata) uçucu yağının farklı yerleşim sıklığında beslenen japon bıldırcınlarında performans, antioksidan potansiyel, bağırsak mikroflorası ve et kalitesine etkisi
    (Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi, 2015) Önel, Süleyman Ercüment; Özsoy, Bülent; Aksu, Taylan
    Bu çalışma Zahter (Thymbra spicata L. var. spicata) uçucu yağının farklı yerleşim sıklığında beslenen Japon bıldırcınlarında performans, antioksidan potansiyel, bağırsak mikroflorası ve et kalitesine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmada, Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Samandağ Meslek Yüksekokulu Kanatlı Uygulama Ünitesi'nde canlı ağırlık bakımından seleksiyona tabii tutulmuş 7 günlük yaşta, toplam 300 adet Japon bıldırcın (Coturnix coturnix japonica) civcivi kullanılmış ve çalışma 28 gün sürdürülmüştür. Japon Bıldırcın civcivi her biri 5 tekerrür ve 50 civcivden oluşan 6 gruba ayrılmış olup, denemede kontrol grubuna ek olarak yoğun yerleşim sıklığı oluşturulup yalnızca temel rasyonla beslenen yoğun kontrol (YYS-KONT) grubu ile yoğun yerleşim sıklığı oluşturulup temel rasyona 10 mg/kg Avilamisin katılarak oluşturulan antibiyotik (YYS-ANT) grubu ve farklı dozlarda (200-400-600 mg/kg) uçucu yağ (YYS-T1, T2, T3) eklenerek oluşturulan gruplar bulunmaktadır. Araştırmada kontrol grubundaki bıldırcınlar, 50x100 cm ebatlarındaki kafeslerde kafes alanı 160 cm2/bıldırcın şeklinde, yoğun yerleşim sıklığı ise 90 cm2/bıldırcın kafes alanı şeklinde yerleştirildi. Çalışma sonunda, negatif kontrol grubu (YYS-KONT) hariç tüm gruplarda canlı ağırlık artışı sağlanmıştır. Yem tüketiminde (YT) gelişme ve yemden yararlanma oranları (YYO) incelendiğinde, farkın istatistiki açıdan önemli olduğu (P<0.01) bulunmuştur. Serum MDA düzeyinin YYS-ANT grubunda diğer gruplara göre önemli derecede yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir (P<0.01). Bağırsak mikroflorasında, en yüksek toplam bakteri sayısı (cfu/g); YYS-KONT grubunda gözlenirken, bunu YYS-T1, NYS-KONT, YYS-T2, YYS-ANT, YYS-T3 grupları izlemiştir (P<0.01). En yüksek koliform bakteri sayısı (cfu/g); NYS-KONT grubunda bulunmuş, bunu YYS-T1, YYS-KONT, YYS-T2, YYS-ANT, YYS-T3 grupları izlemiştir (P<0.01). En yüksek laktobasil bakteri sayısı (cfu/g); NYS-KONT grubunda bulunmuş olup bunu YYS-KONT, YYS-T1, , YYS-T2, YYS-ANT, YYS-T3 grupları izlemiştir (P<0.01). Çalışmada et kalite özelliklerinden göğüs etinde pH ve renk özellikleri tespit edilmiş olup, göğüs eti pH'sı üzerine yerleşim sıklığının etkisi önemli (P<0.01) bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, yerleşim sıklığı uygulan bıldırcın rasyonlarına zahter uçucu yağı ilavesi antioksidan potansiyel, bağırsak mikroflorası ve performans parametrelerinde değişik düzeylerde iyileşmeler sağlamıştır. Yerleşim sıklığından kaynaklanan olumsuz etkilerin hafifletilmesinde özellikle 600 mg/kg zahter uçucu yağının daha etkili olduğu belirlendi.