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Öğe Biodiversity, conservation and sustainability in Asia: Volume 1: Prospects and challenges in West Asia and caucasus(Springer International Publishing, 2021) Öztürk, Münir; Altay, Volkan; Efe, RecepOf the world's seven continents, Asia is the largest. Its physical landscapes, political units, and ethnic groups are both wide-ranging and many. Southwest, South and Middle Asia are highly populated regions which, as a whole, cover an extremely large area of varied geography. In total, this domain is unique in its plant diversity and large vegetation zones with different communities and biomes. It is rich in endemics, with specific and intraspecific diversity of fruit trees and medicinal plants, including a number of rare, high value, species. At the same time, much of the land in the region is too dry or too rugged, with many geographical extremes. Overgrazing, oil and mineral extraction, and poaching are the major threats in the area. This two-volume project focuses on the dynamic biodiversity of the region with in-depth analysis on phytosociology, plants, animals and agroecology. There are also chapters that explore new applications as well as approaches to overcome problems associated with climate change. Much of the research and analysis are presented here for the first time. We believe this work is a valuable resource for professionals and researchers working in the fields of plant diversity and vegetation, animal diversity and animal populations, and geo-diversity and sustainable land use, among others. The first volume guides our readers to West Asia and the Caucasus region, while volume two focuses on issues unique to South and Middle Asia. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021. All rights reserved.Öğe Biodiversity, Conservation and Sustainability in Asia: Volume 2: Prospects and Challenges in South and Middle Asia(Springer International Publishing, 2022) Öztürk, Münir; Khan, Shujaul Mulk; Altay, Volkan; Efe, Recep; Egamberdieva, Dilfuza; Khassanov, Furkat O.Of the world’s seven continents, Asia is the largest. Its physical landscapes, political units, and ethnic groups are both wide-ranging and many. Southwest, South and Middle Asia are highly populated regions which, as a whole, cover an extremely large area of varied geography. In total, this domain is unique in its plant diversity and large vegetation zones with different communities and biomes. It is rich in endemics, with specific and intraspecific diversity of fruit trees and medicinal plants, including a number of rare, high value, species. At the same time, much of the land in the region is too dry or too rugged, with many geographical extremes. Overgrazing, oil and mineral extraction, and poaching are the major threats in the area. This two-volume project focuses on the dynamic biodiversity of the region with in-depth analysis on phytosociology, plants, animals and agroecology. There are also chapters that explore new applications as well as approaches to overcome problems associated with climate change. Much of the research and analysis are presented here for the first time. We believe this work is a valuable resource for professionals and researchers working in the fields of plant diversity and vegetation, animal diversity and animal populations, and geo-diversity and sustainable land use, among others. The first volume guides our readers to West Asia and the Caucasus region, while volume two focuses on issues unique to South and Middle Asia. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.Öğe Endangered swamp forests in Turkey-an ecological inventory, prospects, and challenges(Springer International Publishing, 2021) Öztürk, Münir; Altay, Volkan; Yarci, Celal; Yücel, Ersin; Kutbay, Hamdi G.Six swamp forests in Turkey have been evaluated as "Important Plant Areas. " In all 44 plant taxa are distributed on these sites. Out of these naturally distributed taxa, 12 are endemics (2 listed in the Bern species) and 32 are classified as rare (4 Bern species). In the phytosociological studies conducted on these habitats in Turkey, 18 plant communities have been reported. Out of these, 10 plant communities have been recorded from the "Euxine region" in Turkey. All of these belong to the class Salici purpureae-Populetea nigrae. Only one plant community belongs to the class Querco-Fagetea. In the Mediterranean region, there are 2 plant communities belonging to the class Alno-Populetea, whereas 5 plant communities are included in the class Molinio-Juncetea. As an important ecological heritage these forests have been separated as protected areas in Turkey, but are still facing a threat due to unsustainable human activities. We aim here to evaluate the impact of current and potential changes in the near future, the scope of sustainability, floristics, ecological, and syntaxonomic analysis of swamp forests in Turkey vis-a-vis the prospects and challenges regarding these ecologically unique forests. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021. All rights reserved.Öğe ETHNIC KNOWLEDGE AND PERSPECTIVES OF MEDICINAL PLANTS: VOLUME 2: Nutritional and Dietary Benefits(Apple Academic Press, 2023) Öztürk, Münir; Sridhar, Kandikere Ramaiah; Sarwat, Maryam; Altay, Volkan; Huerta-Martínez, Francisco MartínThis new 2-volume set aims to share and preserve ethnic and traditional knowledge of herbal medicine and treatments, while also emphasizing the link between biodiversity, human nutrition, and food security. Ethnic Knowledge and Perspectives of Medicinal Plants is divided into two volumes, with volume 1 focusing on the traditional use of curative properties and treatment strategies of medicinal plants, and volume 2 addressing the varied nutritional and dietary benefits of medicinal plants and the practice of Ayurveda. Both volumes stress the importance of bioresources for human nutrition and nutraceuticals based on ethnic knowledge and the need for efforts to protect biodiversity in many regions rich with medicinal plants. Exploring the benefits of medicinal plants in disease prevention, treatment, and management, Volume 1 discusses the traditional use of medicinal plants as promising therapeutics for cancer, liver conditions, COVID-19, and other human ailments. It examines the efficacy of Ayurvedic and Chinese herbal medicine, Indian traditional medicine, and other ethnic herbal practices used by indigenous peoples of Azerbaijan, South America, Turkey, India, etc. A variety of plants are discussed, and the ethnomedicinal applications of over 100 wild mushrooms for their medicinal and healthcare purposes are elaborated on. While volume 1 focuses primarily on natural plant resources for addressing specific health issues, volume 2 looks at traditional medicinal plant use for their nutritional and dietary benefits, while also encouraging the preservation of biodiversity for healthy and sustainable diets. The volume presents information on over 2200 vascular plant taxa from 127 families as well as many taxa from leaf parts, fruits, underground parts, floral parts, seeds, and more that have potential use as edible food plants. Ethnic knowledge on the wild edible mushrooms is an emerging area, which is unique and is dependent on the folk knowledge of tribals; this volume discusses the unique nutritional attributes of wild edible mushrooms (206 species belonging to 73 genera) in Southern India. The authors look at various lichens as nutritional aids and medicine and as flavoring agents and spices. Fucoidans derived from the seaweeds (and spirulina) are described for their antioxidant activity, nutritional and anti-aging properties, antiviral activities, anti-cancer properties, anti-diabetic properties, and more. The authors also examine how ethnicity affects healthcare/nutritive systems at different levels through various dynamics such as lower income, inability for services uptake, disputes among different ethnic groups, cultural attitudes (some ethnic group are vegetarian), lack of socio-economic resources, and disease prevalence. Together, these two important volumes aim to preserve and disseminate the valuable ethnic knowledge of medicinal plants gained over thousands of years and to promote the value of integrating and safeguarding biodiversity. © 2024 by Apple Academic Press, Inc.Öğe Folkloric Knowledge of Endemic Plants: Their Traditional Uses as Spices, Food and Herbal Teas by the Local Communities in Turkiye(Apple Academic Press, 2023) Öztürk, Münir; Altay, Volkan; Keskin, MustafaAs a reflection of cultural heritage, different consumption patterns of endemic plants represent special traditional gastronomy. As we cannot find these endemic plants everywhere, they are not found in people’s daily consumption preferences. In this chapter, it is aimed to list potential endemic plants that may serve as promising future sources of food, spice, and herbal tea in Turkiye. In Turkiye’s traditional knowledge, a total of 103 endemic food plants, 23 endemic spice plants, and 59 endemic herbal teas have been found to be used. The most common endemic food plants used are cooked, followed by raw, suck the nectar, and eaten fresh. Some of the endemic plants, especially species belonging to the genera Allium, Cerasus, Digitalis, Gypsophila, Origanum, Ranunculus, Scorzonera, Sideritis, and Thymus, collected are also sold in the local neighborhood markets. In addition, in terms of contributing to the country’s economy, Allium tuncelianum and Origanum minutiflorum are important endemic plant species exported abroad. © 2024 by Apple Academic Press, Inc.Öğe Herbals of Asia: Prevalent Diseases and Their Treatments(Springer International Publishing, 2021) Malik, Khafsa; Ahmad, Mushtaq; Öztürk, Münir; Altay, Volkan; Zafar, Muhammad; Sultana, ShaziaMedicinal flora plays an important role in health care systems across the world. Out of the half million flowering plants, around 50.000 species are valued for their therapeutic properties. During the last few decades, 20% of the world’s population used plants and/or their derived products as a source of medicine. WHO stated that 80% population around the globe, specifically the rural communities, depend on medicinal plants for their basic healthcare needs. To this end, plant-based phytochemicals are known to have hepato-protective, anti-carcinogenic, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant actions. This book is a guide to ~280 plant species of medicinal flora that demonstrates global relevance. Our goal is to share local knowledge about phytomedicines to a worldwide audience. It is an illustrated reference that documents and preserves the existing knowledge on these plant taxa, with a social and cultural (ethnobotanical) emphasis. This book also provides comprehensive and useful information about traditional uses of medicinal plants by the local communities for the treatment of various prevalent diseases. It contains comprehensive descriptions of each species including family, synonyms, English name, distribution, altitude, habitat, morphological description, life form, part used, mode of utilization, diseases category, recipes, other medicinal uses, phytochemical activity and toxicity. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021.Öğe Plant diversity of ala-archa national park in kyrgyzstan with emphasis on its economical potential(Springer International Publishing, 2018) Imanberdieva, Nazgül; Severoğlu, Zeki; Kurmanbekova, Gulbubu; Altay, Volkan; Öztürk, MünirThe national parks are the most important tools in biodiversity conservation. The generally include remote and rugged areas possessing a low possibility for human use. They are of lower economic value. Currently the Republic of Kyrgyzstan possesses a total of eight national parks. These cover approximately 1.4% of national territory. One of these national parks is the Ala-Archa National Park. During the period covering the months from May to October, every weekend hundreds of visitors pay a visit to this oldest national park of the country established in 1976. The 25 km long park has a total area of 194 km2. This area encompasses the upper watershed of the Ala-Archa River. The park shows a microclimate of almost every ecosystem existing in the Republic of Kyrgyzstan, including the forests of mixed conifers, deciduous and dwarf juniper forests, scrubland, grassland steppe, sagebrush semidesert, river valleys, glaciers, and high alpine environments. The total number of vascular plants growing in the national park is 756 taxa. These belong to 73 families and 324 genera. Six hundred twenty-three taxa are from the dicotyledonous group, whereas 121 taxa are from the monocotyledonous group. This chapter presents an analysis of the economical potential of plant diversity of this national park. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2018.Öğe Potential impacts of climate change on plant diversity of sary-chelek biosphere reserve in Kyrgyzstan(Springer International Publishing, 2018) Imanberdieva, Nazgül; Imankul, Bazaraliev; Severoglu, Zeki; Altay, Volkan; Öztürk, MünirThe Sary-Chelek Nature Reserve established in 1959 with an area of 239 km2 and declared as a UNESCO-MAB Biosphere Reserve in 1978 is located on the southeast-facing slope of the northern Chatkal Range in central Jalalabad province. It is centered around the scenic Sary-Chelek Lake. The mountains immediately surrounding the lake abound in exceptionally diverse flora and fauna, what may be the widest variety found in the Tian Shan. The area is spread over varied ecosystems and habitats, which include the forests of spruce and juniper together with the forests of wild fruits and nuts and riparian forests as well as a variety of steppe and meadow ecosystems. The total number of vascular plants growing in the study area is 668 taxa. These belong to 69 families and 313 genera. 531 taxa are from the dicotyledonous group, whereas 127 taxa are from the monocotyledonous group. This chapter presents an analysis of the potential impacts of climate change on plant diversity of this biosphere reserve. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2018.Öğe Sustainable use of halophytic taxa as food and fodder: An important genetic resource in southwest Asia(Springer Singapore, 2019) Öztürk, Münir; Altay, Volkan; Güvensen, AykutHalophytes have a great potential in their use as cash crops for fodder, medicine, and other aspects. These saline habitat plants flourish on soils with high salt concentration and can be substituted for conventional crops. A total of 728 taxa of halophytes have been recorded from Southwest Asia. These belong to 68 families. The majority are from the families Chenopodiaceae, Poaceae, Leguminosae (Papiliondeae), Asteraceae, and Cyperaceae. Chenopodiaceae has the largest number of species and genera. It is exceeded by Poaceae which has more genera but fewer species. Halophytes in this region constitute about half the number of halophyte taxa (and families) recorded for the world. A total of 115 halophyte taxa are evaluated as food here together with a total of 331 as fodder. Especially in the Arabian Gulf countries, Aerva javanica, Aizoon canariense, Blepharis ciliaris, Cleome brachycarpa, Convolvulus glomeratus, Haloxylon salicornicum, Leptadenia pyrotechnica, Lycium shawii, Senna italica, Tecomella undulata, and Zaleya pentandra halophyte taxa are good fodder for camels, cattle, goat, and sheep. In the Mediterranean part of Southwest Asia, more than 20 taxa are used as animal feed. These are mainly the taxa like Aellenia, Aeluropus, Halocnemum, Haloxylon, Salsola, Sarcocornia, and Suaeda. In Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan, the number of halophytes used as animal feed exceeds 100 taxa. The use of halophytes for food purposes in Southwest Asia is as follows: Mediterranean countries use over 10 taxa, Arabian Gulf countries use over 10 taxa, and Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan use over 40 taxa. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019.Öğe Traditional Use of Plant Diversity for Nutritional Purposes: A Case Study from Istanbul (Turkiye)(Apple Academic Press, 2023) Keskin, Mustafa; Altay, Volkan; Öztürk, MünirMany of our traditionally consumed food plants are not generally available on our dining tables due to the established food preferences of humans. These include edible wild plants with an alternative potential to be used as human food. Therefore, this chapter presents data on the vascular flora of Istanbul with an aim to list the potential food plants that could serve as a promising food source in the future because of food shortages that may arise from climate change. A total of 2258 vascular plant taxa belonging to 127 families have been identified in the checklist prepared for the flora of Istanbul. In the checklist, we have found out that consumption possibilities that include leaf parts of 242 taxa, fruits of 70 taxa, underground parts of 57 taxa, floral parts of 35 taxa, seeds of 26 taxa, and aboveground parts of 21 taxa depict potential for use as edible food plants. In many parts of Turkiye, especially in Istanbul and nearby areas, these identified taxa may serve as important edible food plants for humans, offering an alternative food source. © 2024 by Apple Academic Press, Inc.
