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  • Küçük Resim
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    Genetic diversity and mating-type frequency of Exserohilum turcicum in Turkey
    (Wiley, 2021) Turgay, Emine Burcu; Celik Oguz, Arzu; olmez, Fatih; Tunali, Berna; Kurt, Sener; Akcali, Efkan; Baran, Behzat
    Northern corn leaf blight caused by Exserohilum turcicum is one of the most significant diseases in maize-growing fields, resulting in yield reduction worldwide. Genetic diversity and mating-type of E. turcicum were determined using isolates collected from 7 important maize cultivation provinces in 4 different geographic regions of Turkey during 2014-2015. Multilocus haplotypes of E. turcicum isolates were characterized using 13 simple sequence repeats (SSR) primer pairs, which were amplified in PCR multiplex reactions. The evaluation of mating-type ratio generated from the E. turcicum population was by chi(2) significance test. MAT-1 and MAT-2 mating-type were shown in the population; however, the chi(2) significance test did not support the sexual reproduction hypothesis in any region. The E. turcicum population was found to produce predominantly asexual reproduction in Turkey. Numerous E. turcicum isolates showed very high genetic similarity and did not show a distinct cluster dependent on region or mating-type on a dendrogram of genetic diversity. This result showed that one-hundred per cent similarity in most of the collected isolates from different regions might also support long-distance migration.
  • Küçük Resim
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    Some Epidemiological Studies on Rice Blast Disease Caused by Pyricularia oryzae
    (Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ Rektorlugu, 2021) Akcali, Efkan; Kurt, Sener
    In this study, the effects of temperature and the duration of leaf wetness on the development of rice blast disease caused by Pyricularia oryzae and the reactions of Edirne and Osmancik-97 rice cultivars were investigated under controlled environmental conditions. Rice cultivars Edirne and Osmancik-97 were inoculated with a conidial suspension (5 x 10(5) conidia ml-1) of P. oryzae and exposed to combinations of five different leaf wetness durations (from 6 to 30 h) and four different temperatures (20 to 32 degrees C) over the course of infection period. Disease severity on cvs. Edirne and Osmancik-97 increased with increasing temperatures and hours of wetness duration. The highest disease severity was detected on plants exposed to 30 h leaf wetness duration at 28 degrees C, while the lowest disease severity values were observed 6 h leaf wetness duration at 20 degrees C temperature. Increased leaf wetness durations significantly increased disease severity at optimal temperature. But, it was observed that the all disease severity values on cv.Osmancik-97 was lower than cv. Edirne at same temperatures and leaf wetness durations. In addition, a new and simple technique was developed to increase the sporulation capacity of the P. oryzae to provide enough inoculum quantity in the experiments by this study.
  • Küçük Resim
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    Spotted stem borer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) infestation in corn fields of Turkiye
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2023) Akmese, Vahdettin; Oztemiz, Sevcan; Akcali, Efkan; Bilgin, Mustafa Gokhan; Demiray, Serap Toker; Sertkaya, Erdal
    The presence of spotted stem borer, Chilo partellus Swinhoe (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Turkiye was recorded for the first time in 2014. Chilo partellus, an invasive species, originates in Southeast Asia and is widely distributed in Asia and Africa. It is among the most important pests of corn and sorghum with a high competitive ability among stem borers. Therefore, the study was carried out in 2018 and 2019 to determine the spread of the pest and the rate of contamination in the corn production areas which are the highest in the provinces of the Eastern Mediterranean and the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkiye. In both regions, sampling was carried out in 503 fields on a total area of 3.743,4 ha in 2018, and in 466 fields on a total area of 3.520,4 ha in 2019. The study revealed that C. partellus spread to Kahramanmaras, Gaziantep, and Kilis provinces of the Southeastern Anatolia region, and entered the Erdemli district of Mersin for the first time in 2018 and the Mut district for the first time in the Eastern Mediterranean region in 2019. The infestation rate of the pest in the first crop corn production areas was found to be lower than in the second crop corn. As the number of pesticide applications increased in the fields where chemical control was applied, the rate of contamination decreased. While the contamination rate of the pest was 70% lower in the first crop corn, it reached 100% in the second crop corn. Furthermore, it has been observed that natural enemies are effective on the infestation rates of the pest. Since the pest spreads rapidly in seven provinces in both regions, it is very likely to infect other regions where corn is produced in Turkiye. If the pest is controlled especially in the vegetative period in corn, the rate of spread of the pest can be reduced.