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Öğe Analysis of methanol and its derivatives in illegally produced alcoholic beverages(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2015) Arslan, M. Mustafa; Zeren, Cem; Aydin, Zeki; Akcan, Ramazan; Dokuyucu, Recep; Keten, Alper; Cekin, NecmiIntroduction: Illegal alcohol production remains as a common issue worldwide. Methanol poisoning mostly occurs because of the methanol used in production of counterfeit alcohol instead of ethyl alcohol due to its low price or by drinking the liquids containing methyl alcohol. Pectolytic enzymes results in an increase of methanol levels in many fermentation products such as ciders or wines. Methanol poisonings are infrequently encountered in forensic medicine practice. However, sporadic cases due to methanol intoxication as well as epidemic cases have been reported. In this study, we aimed to identify existence of methanol and its metabolites in illegally produced alcoholic beverages used in Antakya region. Material and methods: Twelve legally produced alcohol samples and Fifty-six different illegally produced alcohol samples were collected from the markets and local producers. Existence of methanol, formic acid, methyl amine, methyl formate and trioxan were determined using GC-MS method in these samples. Results: Fifty-six different illegal alcohol samples were analyzed in this study and methanol was detected in 39 (75%) of samples. Formic acid was detected in 3, formamide in 1, methyl amine in 6, methyl formate in 10 and trioxan in 2 samples. Conclusion: Overwhelming majority of illegal alcoholic beverages was detected to contain methanol. Interestingly this study also revealed the presence of trioxane, which has not previously reported among toxic agents in illegal alcohol samples. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd and Faculty of Forensic and Legal Medicine. All rights reserved.Öğe Forensic geriatric deaths in Adana, Turkey(Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2010) Hilal, Ahmet; Akcan, Ramazan; Eren, Ali; Turhan, Ali; Arslan, MustafaThe World Health Organization describes geriatric age group as the population aged 65 years or older. Parallel with the development of medical and technological areas, the life expectancy gets longer and geriatric population has been dramatically increasing. In this respect, geriatric deaths are frequently encountered due to increasing risk factors and pathophysiological changes in aging process. The records of the Forensic Medicine Institution Adana Group Authority Morgue Specialty Office were used. Death certificates and autopsy records of 9007 cases autopsied between the years of 1998 and 2007 were examined retrospectively. Seven hundred and twenty-six geriatric age (>65 years) deaths were taken in the scope of the study. All of the cases were analyzed with regard to age, sex, cause of death, incident place, and the place and origin of death. Geriatric deaths comprised 8.1% (726 cases) of all the medicolegal autopsy cases (9007) during these ten years. Of all geriatric deaths, 73.8% (536) were male while 26.2% (190) were female. Ages of cases were between 65 and 96 years, and the mean age was 72.3. Majority (310 cases, 42.7%) of deaths were by natural causes, while this was followed by accidental deaths with 227 cases (31.4%). This study was aimed to discuss the general features of geriatric deaths accepted as forensic cases, in the light of the literature. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Gençlerde uçucu madde soluma sonucu ani ölüm : Olgu sunumu(2010) Akcan, Ramazan; Çekin, Necmi; Hilal, Ahmet; Arslan, Muhammet MustafaUçucu maddelerin istemli inhalasyonu/kötüye kullanımı tüm dünyada karşılaşılan bir sağlık sorunu olmakla birlik te, öfori oluşturması nedeniyle özellikle ergenler ve genç erişkinlerde kullanım sıklığı giderek artmaktadır. Söz ko nusu eylemi -olası sonuçlarını bilmeksizin- keyif verdiğin düşünerek gerçekleştiren bu olgularda, akut kardiyo-pul moner etkilenim gibi nedenlerle ani ölüm meydana gele bilmektedir. Arkadaş grubu içerisinde bütan içerikli çakmak gazı do lum tüpünden gaz soluma sonrası ani ölüm meydana ge len ondokuz yaşındaki kadın olgu olay ortamı ve otops bulguları ile sunulmaktadır. Bu olgu bağlamında; çeşitli psikososyal faktörlerin etkisiy le çocuk, ergen ve genç erişkin yaş gruplarında sıklığı gi derek artan uçucu maddelerin kötüye kullanımı sorununa ve ani ölüm riskine dikkat çekilmesi amaçlandı.Öğe General characteristics of child sexual offenders in Hatay, Turkey(2016) Arslan, M. Mustafa; Demirkıran, Dua Sümeyra; Akcan, Ramazan; Zeren, Cem; Kokaçya, Mehmet HanifiAmaç: Cinsel saldırı sanıkları yeteri kadar tanımlanmayan ve rapor edilmeyen bir konudur. Biz bu çalışma ile çocukluk çağı cinsel istismarcılarının sosyodemografik özellikleri ile suç ilişkisini incelemeyi amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntem: Sosyal hizmet uzmanlarının 2009-2013 yıllarında 48 olgu ile yaptıkları görüşmeler sonrasında düzenledikleri raporlar retrospektif olarak incelenmiştir. Çalışma için bu raporların tercih edilmesinin nedeni ise sanıkların bireysel, ailevi özelliklerini ve suç ile ilgili bilgileri içeriyor olmasıdır. Olguların sosyodemografik ve psikososyal özellikleri araştırılmıştır. Bulgular: Dört yıllık sürede cinsel suç işlediği iddiası ile görüşme yapılan olgu sayısının 48 olduğu belirlendi. Sanıkların yaşları 12 ile 17 arasında ve hepsi erkek cinsiyetinde idi. Olguların %50'si eğitimine devam etmediği saptandı. Olguların sadece 2'sinde ensest öyküsü vardı. Sanıkların 3'ünde suç tekrarı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Cinsel eylem türü olarak 20'sinde (%41,7) fiili livata olduğu iddia edilmiştir. Sanıkların 19'u sigara, 4'ü drug kullandığını belirtmiştir. 12 ailenin (%25) ekonomik durumu bulunduğu çevre koşullarına göre yetersiz olduğu kanaatine varılmıştır. Dağılmış aile öyküsü olan 23 olgunun (%4,9) 15'inde babadan ayrı yaşadıkları, üç olguda babanın ölmüş olduğu saptanmıştır. Sosyal hizmet uzmanın görüşüne göre olguların 47'si psikososyal gelişim olarak yapılan eylemin farkında oldukları bildirilmiştir. Olguların 7'sinde dürtü kontrol bozukluğu ve 1 olguda zekâ geriliği olabileceği belirtilmiştir. Diğer olgularda arkadaş çevresinden etkilenme ve dağılmış ailenin suç işlemede önemli etkenler olduğu kanaatine varılmıştır. 12 çocuk için danışmanlık hizmeti veya korunma tedbirinin uygulanması gerektiği bildirilmiştir. Sonuç: Sonuç olarak çalışmamızda; cinsel suç işlediği iddia edilen çocuklarda eğitimini devam etmeme kararı verenlerin oranı yüksek bulunmuştur. Erkek mağdurların ve fiili livata eylemi oranının yüksek bulunması dikkat çekici bulunmuştur. Dağılmış aile ve özellikle babanın olmadığı ailelerin erkek çocukları cinsel istismar suçu işlemeye daha yatkın olduğu tespit edilmiştirÖğe Hepatotoxicity of illegal home-made alcohols(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2016) Goekce, Hasan; Akcan, Ramazan; Celikel, Adnan; Zeren, Cem; Ortanca, Ibrahim; Demirkiran, SumeyraObjective and aim: : Alcohol-related hepatotoxicity is not only caused by excessive alcohol consumption but also caused and even accelerated by hepatotoxic ingredients other than ethanol. Concentrations of hepatotoxic substances might be significantly high, particularly in illegally produced home-made alcohols. In this study we aim to analyze the hepatotoxic effects of a home-made alcohol traditionally called bogma raki in Turkey. Materials and method: Fifty Wistar albino male rats were used. Five groups were randomly formed with ten animals in each. Besides laboratory diets, groups were fed as follows: Group 1 (control group) distilled water; Group 2 bogma raki with distilled water (% 44 (v/v), 9.2 ml/kg/day); Group 3 bogma raki with distilled water (% 44 (v/v), 9.2 ml/kg/day)+walnut (10 g/kg/day); Group 4 whisky with distilled water (% 40 (v/v), 9.2 ml/ kg/day); Group 5 distilled water + walnut (10 g/kg/day), for 28 days. The toxicological analysis of The spirits were analyzed using Hewlett-Packard (Palo Alto, CA) GC/MS system with HP 6890 gas chromatograph, an HP 5972 mass selective detector (MSD) and an HP 6890 automatic liquid sampler GC/MS; the pressure of the carrier gas helium was 6.0 bar and the split value with a ratio of 1: 100. The injection unit temperature set to 250 degrees C and MS quadrupole temperature set to 280 degrees C. The MS quadrupole detector ionization energy set to 70 eV. The initial column temperature was 60 degrees C (for 4 min) programmed by 6 degrees C/min to final temperature 160 degrees C and kept for 8 min at 160 degrees C. Utilized whisky and bogma raki samples were analyzed for the amounts of trans-anethole, ethanol, methanol, 1-propanolol, butanol, 2-butanol, 2-methyl-1-propanolol (isobutanol) and 3-methylbutanol (isoamyl alcohol). Histopathological changes in liver tissues were graded as follows; normal = 0 (<10%), mild = 1 (10% -40%), moderate = 2 (40%-70%), severe = 3 (above 70%). Results: Chemical composition of illegally produced raki sample (% v/v) was as follows: trans-anethole % 1.93, ethanol % 95.70, 2-methyl-1-propanolol (isobutanol) % 0.19, asetic acid % 0.25, 3-methylbutanol (isoamyl alcohol) % 0.77, and others % 1.16. Chemical composition of commercial whisky sample (% v/v) was as follows: ethanol % 97.72, 2-methyl- 1-propanolol (isobutanol) % 0.57, asetic acid % 0.23, 3-methylbutanol (isoamyl alcohol) % 1.28, and others % 0.2. No traces of trans-anethole were detected in whisky. Normal liver morphology was recorded in control and walnut groups. However, bogma raki caused significant congestion and inflammatory cell infiltration compared to control and walnut group. On the other hand, whisky administration caused mild degeneration including inflammation in a limited area. Conclusion: Obtained findings suggest that trans-anethole containing alcoholic beverages are more hepatotoxic compared to commercial alcoholic beverages. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd and Faculty of Forensic and Legal Medicine. All rights reserved.Öğe Socio-demographic characteristics of juvenile delinquents in Turkey(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2013) Zeren, Cem; Arslan, Muhammet Mustafa; Yengil, Erhan; Karanfil, Ramazan; Akcan, Ramazan; Oksuz, MehmetIn developing countries, juvenile delinquency and the involvement of children in crime is an important social problem. The bio-psycho-social factors leading to a crime, as well as the situation of individuals in society have become an increasingly important issue. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of socio-economic and -demographic characteristics of children involved in crime as suspects or victims. A questionnaire comprising questions concerning their socio-demographic characteristics and family status was administered to the participants. Of a total 351 cases, 245 (69.8%) were alleged offenders and 71 (20.2%) were victims of a crime. Most of them were male in the 16-18 age group, attending high school, involving in a crime for the first time, suffering from a substance-use disorder and have committed physical assaults and theft crimes. Obtained findings should be considered in developing strategies and implementing prevention policies in order to tackle juvenile delinquency. Besides the penalties given to children involved in a crime, educational and psychosocial support should also be provided.Öğe Unexpected suicide and irrational thinking in adolescence: A case report(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2011) Akcan, Ramazan; Arslan, M. Mustafa; Cekin, Necmi; Karanfil, RamazanThis report aims to draw attention to the fragility of adolescents' mind and irrational thinking in adolescence that might lead to suicide due to unusual experiences, by presenting a case of completed suicide with its unusual etiology. The victim, a 13 years old boy, had a quarrel with his mother as she sacrificed his pet, a cock, to prepare for dinner. Because of this, the victim had denied to join the family for dinner and wanted to be alone. While the family having dinner, a passing by neighbor realized that the victim was suspended with a ligature around his neck, in the backyard of the house. Meaningfully, there were feathers of cock in pants pockets of the deceased, in the corpse examination. Adolescents are experiencing dramatic physical and emotional changes, and being oversensitive and fragile in that period of life. Thus, a life experience that is tolerable to adults might badly affect adolescents and lead to suicide which is incomprehensible to them. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd and Faculty of Forensic and Legal Medicine. All rights reserved.Öğe An Unusual Cause of Death at Preschool Age Scalding by Hot Milk(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2010) Cekin, Necmi; Akcan, Ramazan; Arslan, Mustafa M.; Hilal, Ahmet; Eren, AliScalding is one of the most painful and devastating burn injuries a child can suffer. Victims are generally scalded by splashed or spilled hot fluids in the home environment. Interestingly, scalding by hot milk is a common cause of burns in rural parts of Turkey. This study aimed to identify the general features of scalding by hot milk, and to make the authorities aware of this problem through educational programs for parents and caregivers. The records of the Council of Forensic Medicine Adana Group Administration and public prosecutor's office were used. Forty-four deaths in children of preschool age (under 6) due to scalding by hot milk during 2001-2005 were analyzed. Scalding with hot milk constituted 1.05% of all medico-legal deaths (4183) during the period considered. Twenty-five (56.81%) of the victims were male while 19 (43.19%) were female. The victims' ages ranged between 18 months and 6 years, with a mean age of 3.03. Scalding by hot milk appears to be an important public health problem, especially in rural areas of Turkey. Educational programs for families and caregivers and implementation of simple safety measures will decrease the prevalence of deaths due to such preventable injuries.
