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Öğe Eucalyptol regulates Nrf2 and NF-kB signaling and alleviates gentamicin-induced kidney injury in rats by downregulating oxidative stress, oxidative DNA damage, inflammation, and apoptosis(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Akcakavak, Gokhan; Kazak, Filiz; Karatas, Ozhan; Alakus, Halil; Alakus, Ibrahim; Kirgiz, Omer; Celik, ZeynepGentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, is nowadays widely used in the treatment of gram-negative microorganisms. The antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities of eucalyptol, a type of saturated monoterpene, have been reported in many studies. The aim of this study was to examine the possible effects of eucalyptol on gentamicin-induced renal toxicity. A total of 32 rats were divided into 4 groups; Control (C), Eucalyptol (EUC), Gentamicin (GEN), and Gentamicin + Eucalyptol (GEN + EUC). In order to induce renal toxicity, 100 mg/kg gentamicin was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) for 10 consecutive days in the GEN and GEN + EUC groups. EUC and GEN + EUC groups were given 100 mg/kg orally of eucalyptol for 10 consecutive days. Afterwards, rats were euthanized and samples were taken and subjected to histopathological, biochemical, immunohistochemical, and real-time PCR examinations. The blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (CRE) levels were significantly decreased in the GEN + EUC group (0.76 and 0.69-fold, respectively) compared to the GEN group. The glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) activities were significantly increased in the GEN + EUC group (1.35 and 2.67-fold, respectively) compared to the GEN group. In GEN group, Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB), Interleukin 1-beta (IL-1 beta), Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), Caspase-3, 8-Hydroxy-2 '-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) expression levels were found to be quite irregular. GEN + EUC group decreased the expressions of NF-kB, IL-1 beta, iNOS, TNF-alpha, Caspase-3, and 8-OHdG (0.55, 0.67, 0.54, 0.54, 0.63 and 0.67 fold, respectively), while it caused increased expression of Nrf2 (3.1 fold). In addition, eucalyptol treatment ameliorated the histopathological changes that occurred with gentamicin. The results of our study show that eucalyptol has anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antiapoptotic, nephroprotective, and curative effects on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity.Öğe Investigation of the effects of safranal on the experimentally created rheumatoid arthritis model in rats(Wiley, 2022) Cellat, Mustafa; Isler, Cafer T.; Kutlu, Tuncer; Kuzu, Muslum; Etyemez, Muhammed; Alakus, Halil; Guvenc, MehmetRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic chronic disease characterized by inflammation and synovitis. More effective treatment methods with less side effects need to be developed. In this context, current study investigated the therapeutic effects of safranal in a model of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced RA. The control group was given 1 ml of saline orally starting from the 8th day, and 0.2 ml of CFA was given to the RA, RA + Safranal and RA + Methotrexate (MTX) groups on the 0th day of the experiment. Starting from the 8th day of the experiment, 1 ml of saline was given to the RA group, safranal was given at 200 mg/kg of body weight to the RA + MTX group, and 3 mg/kg of MTX to the RA + MTX group twice a week. The results showed that weight gain decreased in the RA group compared to the control group while arthritis index score, thymus index, and planter temperature were found to be increased. Additionally, a deterioration in blood parameters, an increase in alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, urea, creatinine, C-reactive protein, and malondialdehyde levels, and a decrease in reduced glutathione levels and glutathione peroxidase and catalase (CAT) activities were seen while tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6 (IL-6), cyclooxygenase-2, nuclear factor kappa B levels were found to be increased. However, the safranal had a regulatory effect on all the values, except IL-6 and CAT, and blood parameters. Moreover, histopathological examination revealed that safranal reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and edema.Öğe Investigation of the neuroprotective effect of kefir in experimental spinal cord injury(Ankara Univ, 2023) Yurtal, Ziya; Kutlu, Tuncer; Altug, Muhammed Enes; Ozsoy, Bulent; Alakus, Halil; Yurdagul Ozsoy, SuleIn this study, the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects of kefir were investigated in spinal cord injury that was experimentally created on rats with a compression trauma model. A total of 56 Wistar-Albino male rats were used in the study. Daily freshly prepared 18 ml/kg/day of kefir was given by oral gavage to animals 7 days before and during the trauma and during the trauma. Spinal cord injury was created according to the weight drop method. On the 1st and 7th days before euthanasia, intracardiac blood was collected for analysis, and then they were sacrificed. The damaged spinal cord segments were examined biochemically, immunohistochemically, and histopathologically. When compared to the sham groups, kefir had a positive effect in the preconditioning and treatment groups by decreasing spinal cord bleeding, edema, myelin sheath damage, liquefactive necrosis, neuronal necrosis, selectivity of canalis centralis, and gitter cell levels significantly. When compared to the sham groups, kefir was found to have a positive effect in the treatment groups by decreasing the neuron specific enolase (NSE), ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA-1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (INOS), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and myelin basic protein (MBP) levels significantly on the 1st and 7th days, and by increasing the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) level significantly. As a result, it was demonstrated that kefir had a protective and therapeutic effect on spinal cord injury.Öğe Proanthocyanidin alleviates testicular torsion/detorsion-induced ischemia/ reperfusion injury in rats(Churchill Livingstone, 2024) Kazak, Filiz; Akcakavak, Gokhan; Alakus, Ibrahim; Alakus, Halil; Kirgiz, Omer; Karatas, Ozhan; Deveci, Mehmet Zeki YilmazTesticular torsion is an urological emergency and can lead to ischemia damage and testicular loss if not diagnosed in time. Proanthocyanidin is reported to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The current study aimed to examine the possible effects of proanthocyanidin (P) on the testis in torsion/detorsion (T/D)induced testicular ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Forty rats were divided into four groups (n=10 for each): sham-operated (sham), I/R, I/R + P100 (100 mg/kg, 30 min before torsion), and I/R + P200 (200 mg/kg, 30 min before torsion). Testicular T/D was performed on the left testicle by 3 hours of torsion at 720 degrees clockwise, followed by 3 hours of detorsion. In the I/R group, an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and a decrease in glutathione (GSH), vitamin C (Vit C), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) values were determined compared to the sham group (p <0.001). Moreover, an increase in the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and Bcl2-associated X protein (Bax), a decrease in the expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were detected in the I/R group (p <0.001). Histopathologically, it was determined that the Johnsen and Cosentino scores of the testicles were irregular in the I/R group (p <0.001). Proanthocyanidin treatment caused a decrease in MDA, cleaved caspase-3 and Bax levels and an increase in GSH, Vit C, GPx, G6PD, Bcl-2 and PCNA values. Additionally, Johnsen and Cosentino rearranged the scores. The present findings revealed the protective and curative effects of proanthocyanidin in organ damage due to testicular torsion/detorsion-induced ischemia/reperfusion with their antioxidative and antiapoptotic properties.Öğe Protective effect of Diospyros kaki L. leaves extract against oxidative damage and inflammation in the testicular ischemia-reperfusion model in rats(Natl Inst Science Communication-Niscair, 2023) Yurtal, Ziya; Kulualp, Kadri; Oezkan, Hueseyin; Kutlu, Tuncer; Alakus, Halil; Aslan, Abdullah; Altug, Muhammed E.The Oriental persimmon, Diospyros kaki L., native of China, with its bioactive compounds from leaves, flavonoids and polyphenols in particular, possess antibacterial, antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and antihypertensive properties. Though, the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects of the D. kaki leaves have beneficial effects in I/R injury in the brain, the same has not been investigated in testicular I/R injury until now. Hence, in the present study, we investigated its leaf extract against oxidative damage and inflammation in the testicular ischemia-reperfusion model. Thirty-two male rats were randomly and equally divided into four groups. While saline (SF) was given to the control and ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) groups for 5 days, Diospyros kaki (DK) and I/R+DK were given 200 mg/kg of DK leaf extract. Afterwards, left orchiectomy was performed in control and DK, and testicular torsion was performed in I/R and I/R+DK for 2 hours. All rats were sacrificed 24 hours after procedures and samples were collected. Compared to the control, I/R had high MDA levels, low GSH and GSH-Px levels; compared to the I/R, MDA levels of the I/R+DK were lower, and the GSH and GSH-Px levels were higher. In I/R, the presence of congestion and hemorrhage were determined and the deterioration in seminiferous tubule structure and spermatogenesis were less in the I/R+DK. TNF-alpha, COX-2, BCL-2, and BAX genes expressions were significantly lower in the I/R+DK group. TNF-alpha and COX-2 proteins were higher in I/R and I/R+DK groups, while NRF2 was higher in I/R+DK. These results show that DK leaves extract has crucial protective effect against oxidative damage and inflammation in the I/R model of rats.Öğe Sacroiliac luxations in cats: Surgery or conservative treatment?(Univ Zulia, Facultad Ciencias Veterinarias, 2022) Yurtal, Ziya; Altug, Muhammed Enes; Isler, Cafer Tayer; Deveci, Mehmet Zeki Yilmaz; Alakus, Ibrahim; Kirgiz, Omer; Alakus, HalilSacroiliac luxations constitute an important part of hip fractures. In the treatment phase, a choice should be made between surgical and conservative treatment. Which treatment option will yield more effective results depends on many variable factors. In the present study, some of these factors were mentioned and their effects on treatment and outcomes were evaluated. A total of 61 cats, 26 female and 35 male, of various breeds and ages, were included in the study. The mean age of the cats included in the study was 16 months. The mean weight of the cats was 2.87 kg. Cases were categorized as ages, <= 6, 7-12, and >= 13 months of age. In addition, the success criteria of etiological causes, luxation type, and concomitant traumas on decision and outcomes were evaluated. Conservative treatment was preferred more in all age groups and success rates were higher than those of surgery. Conservative treatment was preferred in both genders, and the recovery rate was higher in males than that in females. Regardless of the cause of the trauma, more conservative treatment was preferred, and the rate of good recovery was higher in high-rise falls. Even if there was traumatic injury in addition to sacroiliac luxation, conservative treatment was preferred and the rate of good recovery was higher in cases without concomitant traumatic injury. As a result; age, gender, luxation type and concomitant traumatic injury were not statistically significant on treatment choice. However, good recovery was statistically significant in cases without concomitant traumatic injury.
