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    Blood concentrations of potentially toxic trace elements (PTEs) and correlation with biochemical and hematological parameters in dogs from thrace region, Turkey
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2022) Altinok-Yipel, Fulya; Yipel, Mustafa; Altug, Nuri; Ozdemir, Nurullah
    Environmental exposure to potentially toxic trace elements (PTEs) leads to health problems in animals as well as in humans. Dogs can be used as bioindicators for health status of both environment, animals and humans. The study material consisted of a total of 140 dogs from Thrace region in Turkey. Essential (Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Zn) and non-essential (As, Cd, Hg, Ni, Pb) PTEs concentrations of blood samples were determined by ICP-MS. In addition, hemogram (RBC, MCV, MCH, MCHC, HCT, WBC, HGB, PLT) and biochemical parameters (Glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, total bilirubin, triglyceride, cholesterol, BUN, AST, ALT, ALP, GGT) levels were determined. The possible correlations between PTEs and blood parameters were investigated. The results were compared according to gender, age (<2, 2-5, >5 years), sampled location with hemogram and biochemistry data. Essential element concentrations (ppb) were sorted as Zn > Fe > Cu > Cr > Co, and non-essentials were As > Ni > Pb > Hg > Cd. There were statistically important negative or positive correlations between elements and hematological (except Fe and Cd), and biochemical parameters (except Ni) (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). It was determined that Pb concentrations (9.34-23.30 ng ml(-1)) were below the concentrations considered to be toxic in all locations, Cu concentrations (475.35-521.98 ng ml(-1)) were within the normal reference range, Zn (3229.65-4.265.00 ng ml(-1)) were higher than the reference values in all locations. Since the concentrations of elements and correlations between hematological, biochemical parameters as well as gender, age, and location in an area with heavy urban and industrial activity; indicate that the situation may be similar for other living things in the region, it constitutes a starting point for studies to be carried out in this direction.
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    Health Risk Assessment of Essential and Toxic Metals in Canned/Pouched Food on Kitten and Adult Cats: an Animal Health Risk Assessment Adaptation Assay
    (Springernature, 2022) Altinok-Yipel, Fulya; Yipel, Mustafa; Tekeli, Ibrahim Ozan
    The main aim of this study was to determine the levels of Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in commercial canned and pouched cat foods (salmon, tuna, liver, fish, and other aquatic products) and assess the potential health risks to kitten (<= 1 years old) and adult cats (>= 1 years old) associated with the recommended average consumption rate of labels. The study was also aimed to adapt the health risk assessment method to animal health and to support clinical prevention and diagnosis. The detected levels of the metals were below the data from other studies, except the mean Fe in all and Pb levels in salmon and kitten foods. Target hazard quotient (THQ) and total target hazard quotient (TTHQ) values did not exceed 1. That means the studied metals do not pose a health risk for adult cats and kittens. Dietary Hg and Cd should also be considered in the differential diagnosis of cases with clinical or postmortem findings, especially regarding neurological, kidney, and liver tissues. In conclusion, although canned/pouched consumption does not pose a health risk with regard to metals, further studies of health risk assessment for other pollutants by this first adaptation method will be necessary.
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    Hepatoprotective Activity of Linalool in Rats Against Liver Injury Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride
    (Verlag Hans Huber, 2020) Altinok-Yipel, Fulya; Tekeli, Ibrahim Ozan; Ozsoy, Sule Yurdagul; Guvenc, Mehmet; Kaya, Alpaslan; Yipel, Mustafa
    This study aimed to investigate and compare hepatoprotective activity of Coriandrum sativum (Cs) and it is major component linalool (Ln) against experimentally induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Essential oil of Cs was isolated by hydrodistillation method and chemical composition was determined by GS-MS analysis. 42 male Wistar Albino rats were divited into 7 groups each containing 6. The experimental groups were designed as: Normal control group, 1 ml/kg CCl4 administirated group, 25 mg/kg Silymarin and CCl4 administirated group, 100 and 200 mg/kg Cs and CCl4 administirated groups, 100 and 200 mg/kg Ln and CCl4 administered groups. The protective activities were determined according to the results of liver biomarkers (AST, ALT, ALP), antioxidant parameters (GSH, GPx, CAT), lipid peroxidation (MDA) and histopathological examination. Linalool percentage of Cs was 81.6%. The groups treated with linalool (100 and 200 mg/kg) (p < 0.01) and coriander (200 mg/kg) (p < 0.05) had significantly reduced AST (262-375) and ALT (101-290) levels (U/L) compared to the CCl4 (600-622) group. The levels (nmol/g protein) of MDA (11-12) were significantly lower (p < 0.01), the levels of GSH (11-12) and the activities of CAT (23-24) were significantly higher (p < 0.01) in linalool groups (100 and 200 mg/kg) compared to the CCl4 (18-5-10 respectively) group. These results were also supported by histopathological findings and indicate that Cs and Ln shows hepatoprotective activity against liver damage. In this regard, evaluation of activities of major components are needed to compare to medicinal plants in experimental diseases models.
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    The protective effect of Boswellic acid and Ellagic acid loaded, colon targeted, and pH-sensitive N-succinyl chitosan in ulcerative colitis rat model
    (Elsevier, 2022) Yipel, Mustafa; Tekeli, Ibrahim Ozan; Altinok-Yipel, Fulya; Coskun, Pinar; Aslan, Abdullah; Guvenc, Mehmet; Beyazit, Neslihan
    Targeted drug delivery systems that provide therapeutic activity with lower concentrations of both herbal and other substances, while reducing access to non-target sites and undesirable effects; have an important potential for future projections in terms of pharmacological and toxicological studies. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Acetyl 11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (AKBA) and Ellagic acid (EA) loaded, colon targeted, and pH-Sensitive N-succinyl chitosans (NsCh) in ulcerative colitis (UC) model induced by acetic acid (AA) in rats. The physicochemical characterization (elemental analysis, FT-IR, DSC, XRD, SEM, NMR) analyses, swelling, and releasing tests of NsCh's suggested that AKBA and EA were successfully loaded to pH-sensitive polymer and targeted to the colon. The targeted AKBA and EA were administered to Wistar rats (n:30, 5 groups) and damage, inflammatory cytokine, protein expression, oxidative stress, and antioxidant parameter levels in colon tissues of the groups were determined. Increase in the levels of CAT, GPx activities, and decrease in necrosis, inflammation, and levels of MDA, TNF-alpha, COX-2, NF-kB were observed in the targeted EA and AKBA groups compared to the UC group. The potential protective effect of EA and AKBA loaded, colon-targeted, pH sensitive controlled releasing system against UC and the potential to be licensed preparations by completing the next stages of in vitro and in vivo studies were demonstrated.