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Öğe Blood concentrations of potentially toxic trace elements (PTEs) and correlation with biochemical and hematological parameters in dogs from thrace region, Turkey(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2022) Altinok-Yipel, Fulya; Yipel, Mustafa; Altug, Nuri; Ozdemir, NurullahEnvironmental exposure to potentially toxic trace elements (PTEs) leads to health problems in animals as well as in humans. Dogs can be used as bioindicators for health status of both environment, animals and humans. The study material consisted of a total of 140 dogs from Thrace region in Turkey. Essential (Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Zn) and non-essential (As, Cd, Hg, Ni, Pb) PTEs concentrations of blood samples were determined by ICP-MS. In addition, hemogram (RBC, MCV, MCH, MCHC, HCT, WBC, HGB, PLT) and biochemical parameters (Glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, total bilirubin, triglyceride, cholesterol, BUN, AST, ALT, ALP, GGT) levels were determined. The possible correlations between PTEs and blood parameters were investigated. The results were compared according to gender, age (<2, 2-5, >5 years), sampled location with hemogram and biochemistry data. Essential element concentrations (ppb) were sorted as Zn > Fe > Cu > Cr > Co, and non-essentials were As > Ni > Pb > Hg > Cd. There were statistically important negative or positive correlations between elements and hematological (except Fe and Cd), and biochemical parameters (except Ni) (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). It was determined that Pb concentrations (9.34-23.30 ng ml(-1)) were below the concentrations considered to be toxic in all locations, Cu concentrations (475.35-521.98 ng ml(-1)) were within the normal reference range, Zn (3229.65-4.265.00 ng ml(-1)) were higher than the reference values in all locations. Since the concentrations of elements and correlations between hematological, biochemical parameters as well as gender, age, and location in an area with heavy urban and industrial activity; indicate that the situation may be similar for other living things in the region, it constitutes a starting point for studies to be carried out in this direction.Öğe Development of pmp Gene-Specific PCR Assay with A Host Specific Internal Control for Chlamydophila felis(Chulalongkorn Univ, 2014) Cantekin, Zafer; Solmaz, Hasan; Altug, Nuri; Ozmen, Gamze OzgeChlamydophila felis is the primary bacterial agent of conjunctivitis and upper respiratory disease in cats. Transmission of the disease requires close contact between cats. Polymerase chain reaction is a useful tool for detection of this organism. The aim of this study was to develop a polymerase chain reaction assay with an internal amplification control for the detection of C. felis. Primer pairs were designed specifically for polymorphic membrane protein gene of C. felis and cytochrome b gene of cat, and their specificity and sensitivity were examined. Primers specific for both genes were then multiplexed. In the simplex polymerase chain reaction analyses with 10-fold dilutions, C. felis DNA was detected with designed primers for polymorphic membrane protein genes up to 1.6 pg/mu l and cat DNA was demonstrated in all samples in the polymerase chain reaction. Moreover, in the multiplex polymerase chain reaction, C. felis DNA and cat DNA were detected together. These designed primers specific for C. felis might have potential for research on infections and shedding of this organism in cats as the internal control host specific primers might have potential for using internal control for detection of different microorganisms in cats.Öğe Development of pmp gene-specific PCR assay with a host specific internal control for Chlamydophila felis(Chulalongkorn University Printing House, 2014) Cantekin, Zafer; Solmaz, Hasan; Altug, Nuri; Ozmen, Gamze OzgeChlamydophila felis is the primary bacterial agent of conjunctivitis and upper respiratory disease in cats. Transmission of the disease requires close contact between cats. Polymerase chain reaction is a useful tool for detection of this organism. The aim of this study was to develop a polymerase chain reaction assay with an internal amplification control for the detection of C. felis. Primer pairs were designed specifically for polymorphic membrane protein gene of C. felis and cytochrome b gene of cat, and their specificity and sensitivity were examined. Primers specific for both genes were then multiplexed. In the simplex polymerase chain reaction analyses with 10-fold dilutions, C. felis DNA was detected with designed primers for polymorphic membrane protein genes up to 1.6 pg/?l and cat DNA was demonstrated in all samples in the polymerase chain reaction. Moreover, in the multiplex polymerase chain reaction, C. felis DNA and cat DNA were detected together. These designed primers specific for C. felis might have potential for research on infections and shedding of this organism in cats as the internal control host specific primers might have potential for using internal control for detection of different microorganisms in cats.Öğe Effeciency of Various Supportive Treatments as A Cure for Anaemia in Cattle with Theileriosis(Chulalongkorn Univ, 2014) Altug, Nuri; Yuksek, Nazmi; Keles, Ihsan; Ozkan, Cumali; Yoruk, Ibrahim Hakki; Arslan, SezaiThe purpose of this study was to investigate the efficiency of various supportive treatments on the restoration of anaemia in theileriosis. A total of 20 cattle infected with theileriosis received intramuscularly a single dose of buparvaquone (2.5 mg/kg(-1) bw) and were divided into 4 equal groups according to the different therapy options: whereas no supportive treatment was applied in group 1, administrations of vitamin B complex, antioxidant vitamins (A, D, E and C), minerals and trace elements were performed in groups 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Haematological parameters, serum concentrations of antioxidant vitamins, minerals and trace elements as well as serum glutathion peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were determined before treatment and 7 days after in infected animals and compared to control values from 10 healthy cattle. In the theileriosis affected cattle, remarkable decreases in haematocrit values, haemoglobinaemia and platelet counts were associated to decreased serum alpha- / gamma-tocopherol, vitamin C, vitamin B-12, Ca, Mg, Zn, Na, GSH-Px and SOD levels and to increased sideraemia. The iron concentrations remained elevated and some antioxidants (alpha- / gamma-tocopherol and vitamin C concentrations and GSH-Px and SOD activities) decreased in all treated cattle. Haematocrit values, haemoglobinaemia and vitamin B-12 concentrations also remained depressed but maximal increases were recorded in cattle receiving vitamins B as supportive therapy (group 2). In parallel, platelet numeration was significantly restored in all groups, but specifically in group 2. On the other hand, the maximal increases in alpha-tocopherol and Zn concentrations recorded in groups 3 and 4, respectively, were not associated with cure of anaemia. These results show that the most efficient supportive therapy in the cure of anaemia during theileriosis was vitamin B administration.Öğe THE EFFECTS OF L-CARNITINE IN BUDD-CHIARI SYNDROME IN A DOMESTIC CAT(Univ Sv Kiril & Metodij Skopje, Fak Veterinarna Medicina, 2016) Ozturk, Aliye Sagkan; Altug, Nuri; Kose, Serkan Irfan; Ozturk, Oktay HasanThis paper describes a thrombosis in the vena cava caudalis of a 15 year-old cat with ascites. Trauma and eventually feline enteric corona virus infection in the cat were not detected. In the intrahepatic region, a blockage of vena cava caudalis was brought to light by ultrasonographic imaging. An aspirate of abdominal fluid revealed modified transudate. Liver enzyme levels were increased in the serum sample of the cat. The levels of total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) were elevated in the peritoneal fluid. Liver protection diet with L-carnitine, diuretic therapy and antimicrobial drugs were administrated for treatment of the cat. During the continuous treatment, the amount of abdominal fluid decreased, but never completely absorbed. L-carnitine was administered to the cat during the time of treatment, and subsequently the levels of liver enzymes decreased. However, the cat died because of recurrent ascites and persistent thrombosis. In conclusion, ultrasonographic examination was very reliable, non-invasive and highly useful diagnostic method for BCS and L-carnitine has crucial effects on the quality of life, energy metabolism and liver enzyme levels. However, the blockage of the vena cava caudalis could not completely respond to medical treatment and thrombosis should be eliminated by surgical intervention.Öğe Immunostimulatory Effects of Aloe vera and ?-Glucan on Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses Following Vaccination with Polyvalent Vaccines in Dogs(Kafkas Univ, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2010) Altug, Nuri; Yuksek, Nazmi; Agaoglu, Zahid TevfikThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Aloe vera and beta-Glucan on lymphocyte subsets, haematological parameters and immunglobulin concentrations following vaccination in dogs. For this purpose, totally 20 street dogs were used. The animals were allocated into five groups. Group 1 consisted of only polyvalent vaccine applied dogs. Group 2 and 3 were only Aloe vera and beta-Glucan applied dogs, respectively. Group 4 and 5 were consisted of polyvalent vaccine in addition to Aloe vera and beta-Glucan applied dogs, respectively. Blood samples were collected before vaccination and after vaccination (AV). Although platelet (PLT) counts in group 1 decreased AV, in all other groups (group 2, 3, 4, 5) it increased. White blood cell (WBC) and peripheral blood mononuclear lymphocyte (PBML) counts (in all groups), peripheral blood polymorphonuclear lymphocyte (PBPL) counts (group 1, 2, 4, 5), neutrophil (group 1, 4, 5), monocyte (group 2, 3, 5), packed cell volume (PCV) ratios (group 2 and 3) and haemoglobin (HGB) concentrations (group 3) increased AV. But, lymphocyte ratios in all groups did not change AV. CD8 T lymphocyte ratios in all groups increased at 7(th) and 14(th) days AV. Although CD3 T lymphocyte ratios in group 1 increased at 7(th) day AV, CD4 T and B lymphocytes ratios did not change AV period. But, both CD3 and CD4 T lymphocytes ratios in all other groups increased at 7th and 14th days AV. Moreover, B lymphocytes ratios in all groups except for group 1 increased AV. On the other hand, B lymphocytes ratios in group 2 and 3 increased only 7(th) day AV, while this increase in group 4 and 5 were present on both 7(th) and 14th days AV. Serum IgM concentrations in group 1 increased only 7(th) day AV, whereas its levels did not change in group 2 and 3. Serum IgG concentrations in group 1, 2 and 3 increased only 14(th) day AV. But, serum IgM and IgG concentrations in group 4 and 5 increased at 7(th) and 14(th) days AV. Administration of Aloe vera and beta-Glucan after vaccination in dogs may stimulate both cellular and humoral immun responses. Additionally, it might have restorative effect on PLT counts.Öğe The molecular prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi, Babesia spp., and Anaplasma spp. in shelter dogs of the Thrace Region in Turkey(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2022) Altug, Nuri; Muz, Mustafa Necati; Muz, Dilek; Yipel, Fulya AltinokThe study aimed to update the molecular prevalence of some tick-borne pathogens (Borrelia burgdorferi, Babesia spp., and Anaplasma spp.) in the shelter dogs of the Thrace Region, Turkey. The study was carried out on 450 dogs from 7 pet shelters. The individual data of the dogs were recorded, and blood samples were collected in tubes with anticoagulants (EDTA). Then, individual PCR protocols were applied to all samples for the three infective agents. PCR test results recorded for B. burgdorferi is 38.22% (n = 172), 24.22% (n = 109) for Babesia spp., and 21.6% (n = 97) for Anaplasma spp. The positivity of dogs with at least one pathogen was 56.22% (n = 253). Only one pathogen positivity rate was determined in positive samples as 56.92% (n = 144). The positivity was determined 33.99% (n = 86) for two pathogens and 9.09% (n = 23) for three pathogens. The coexistence of the two pathogens was statistically significant (p < 0.01). The effect of sex and age was not statistically significant in the agent positivity (p < 0.01, p < 0.05). Among tested three pathogens, only the positivity of B. burgdorferi (p = 0.155) was statistically significant compared with the prevalence of the others (p < 0.01). As a result, pathogens transmitted by ticks in shelter dogs of the Thrace region were simultaneously investigated and detected for the first time. Results revealed that shelter dogs pose a hidden risk for animal and human health in the region and so the necessity to plan systematic epidemiological studies about tick-borne zoonose pathogens more frequently.Öğe Socioeconomic implications of biosecurity practices in small-scale dairy farms(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2014) Can, Mehmet Ferit; Altug, NuriBackground: Biosecurity plays a crucial role in preventing contagious diseases and in increasing farm productivity. Objective: To determine technical and economic biosecurity scores of farms, and to examine the associations between biosecurity practices (BP) and producers' socioeconomic characteristics. Methods: The study was conducted on a total of 50 small-scale dairy farms that were randomly selected in Hatay, Turkey. A checklist consisting of 19 biosecurity practices was addressed to the farms. The technical and economic scoring systems were developed by the authors according to presence and cost of the each of the biosecurity practices. Results: The mean of the technical and economic scores were found to be 9.30 and 17.04, respectively. 'Treatment of sick animals' (98%), 'vaccination against the most common contagious diseases' (90%), and 'barn lime' (86%) were found to be the most commonly used applications. 'Testing for the most common contagious diseases before buying' (10%) was used at the lowest rate. Significant differences were found among the groups regarding education level (< .05), income class (< .05), and herd size (< .01). Biosecurity scores were significantly positively correlated with herd size (< .05) and producers' education level (< .01). There were statistically significant associations between the producers' socioeconomic characteristics and some of the biosecurity practices. Conclusion: Training programs should be arranged to change the attitudes and perception of small-scale producers concerning poor biosecurity practices. In order to encourage producers to increase biosecurity scores, regulations regarding financial support and penalties could be quite useful at both the regional and national levels.
