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Öğe BVDV, BHV-1 and BLV antibodies in dromedary camels of Turkey kept without and with ruminants(Springer, 2022) Ataseven, Veysel Soydal; Gurel, Kemal; Pestil, Zuleyha; Ambarcioglu, Pinar; Dogan, Firat; Kayhanlar, MustafaCamels are the only animals bred to sustain the tradition of wrestling in Turkey and are reared within a limited set of geographic areas. Farmers of such animals may also be engaged in ruminant breeding. The current research was aimed at documenting bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1), and bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) infections in sera collected from dromedary camels in four different geographical regions of Turkey during the years 2019-2021. All samples were tested for BVDV, BHV-1 and BLV antibodies as well as BVDV antigen by ELISA. Antibodies against BVDV were found in 16.8% of the camel sera tested. However, none of the camels sampled were positive in terms of BHV-1 and BLV antibodies as well as BVDV antigen. The prevalence was observed higher in the herds in which ruminants were raised in addition to camels (OR = 4.583, 95% CI, 1.298-16.182), (p = 0.018), while the prevalence was observed lower in the herds in which only camels were raised. This study showed that BVDV infection was more prevalent than BHV-1 and BLV infections in Turkish dromedary camels. Herewith, the camels, being a susceptible species to numerous viral ruminant diseases, may also serve as an important source of BVDV infection for other ruminant animals in the same flock.Öğe Calcium fructoborate regulate colon cancer (Caco-2) cytotoxicity through modulation of apoptosis(Wiley, 2022) Kisacam, Mehmet A.; Ambarcioglu, Pinar; Yakan, AkinSugar-borate esters have recently been reported to have anti-cancer potential. Among the sugar-borate esters, calcium fructoborate (CaFB) possesses beneficial effects on human health. Despite the beneficial effects of CaFB, there is a lack of knowledge about their mode of action in cancer. The potential cytotoxic effects of CaFB were investigated on colon cancer cells (Caco-2). The mode of action was determined through the evaluation of Fyn and Hck expression levels together with Bcl-2, Bax, and PI3K/Akt pathway proteins. CaFB treatment was found to be most effective on Caco-2 cells at 10 mM concentration for 24 h. Decreased Bcl-2 levels and increased Bax levels at 10 mM were evaluated as an indicator of apoptotic effects of CaFB. Akt, p70S6K, and 4EBP1 levels, in general, tend to decrease following CaFB, while PTEN and TSC2 levels have been found to increase. Furthermore, CaFB upregulated Hck expression and downregulated Fyn expression. In conclusion, our results indicated that CaFB treatment at 10 mM concentration, the IC50 dose found in our study, might prevent colon cancer cell proliferation both by inducing apoptosis and presumably by activating autophagy.Öğe Diagnosis of Transmissible Venereal Tumors in Bitches - Platelet Indices Are a Remarkable Marker?(Univ Fed Rio Grande Do Sul, 2023) Kose, Serkan Irfan; Kose, Ayse Merve; Urer, Ece Koldas; Bahan, Onur; Gozer, Ahmet; Ambarcioglu, PinarBackground: Hematological analyses are seen as more preferred laboratory analyses in canine transmissible venereal tumor studies. There is no information about the availability of platelets and their indices in routine practice in canine transmissible venereal tumor cases. Taking this as a starting point, this study analyzed the usefulness of platelet indices in dogs with transmissible venereal tumor in clinical laboratory diagnosis as well as examined the relationship between white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets (PLT), main platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), plateletcrit (PCT), and the ratio of main platelet volume to platelets (MPV/PLT). Materials, Methods & Results: In the study, a total of 42 bitches of various breeds were used. Nineteen healthy bitches were used as a control group, and the others 23 with cTVT as a study group. Metastasis was not observed in any of the bitches involved in the study. History, clinical findings, and cytological examinations were evaluated for the diagnosis of cTVT. In animals with hemorrhagic discharge and neoplastic lesions, a vaginal cytological examination was performed. Typical TVT cells with large nuclei and intracytoplasmic vacuoles were observed in the vaginal cytological examinations, and the diagnosis of TVT was made. Healthy bitches (19) and those with TVT (23) were 39.16 5.37 months and 47.61 5.14 months old, respectively. From all animals, 2 mL blood samples were collected from V. cephalica to evaluate PIs in the complete blood count (CBC). Collected blood samples were analyzed using an automated hematology analyzer. As a result of the analysis, WBC, RBC, HGB, HCT, MCV, MCHC, RDW, PLT, MPV, PDW, PCT, and MPV/PLT data were obtained. Mild leukocytosis, an increase in PLT, and a decrease in MCV and MPV/PLT were determined in the study group compared to the control group. Cut-off values in CBC of bitches with TVT were determined as WBC: 13.35 (sensitivity: 78%; specificity: 90%); MCV: 67 (sensitivity: 57%; specificity: 95%); PLT: 315.50 (sensitivity: 65%; specificity: 74%); and MPV/PLT: 0.028 (sensitivity: 78%; specificity: 58%). In CBC analyses, a strong negative correlation between PLT and MPV/PLT was detected in both groups. Discussion: Canine transmissible venereal tumors are common in both stray and pet dogs. It is naturally transferred from animal to animal during mating by live tumor cells. This tumor can commonly affect the external genitalia and internal organs in some cases. It generally has the look of cauliflower, and its surface is ulcerated, inflammatory, hemorrhagic, and infectious. More preferred laboratory analyses are complete blood count and blood chemistry analysis in cTVT for to evaluate the success of treatments. Platelet indices have been investigated in many diseases such as endotoxemia, chronic enteropathy, mammary tumor, parvoviral enteritis, septic peritonitis, lymphoma, pyometra, visceral leishmaniasis, and babesiosis in dogs. There is no information available for either diagnostic or prognostic use of the PIs in canine TVT cases. Ultimately, in light of the presented study's results, platelet indices, especially PLT and the MPV/PLT ratio, seem to be notable laboratory markers in terms of easy accessibility and low-cost assessment techniques in canine transmissible venereal tumor cases. New data, however, should be established by a thorough follow-up study using a larger sample size and addressing its usefulness as a diagnostic or prognostic marker in canine transmissible venereal tumors.Öğe Distance from skin to epiglottis measurement with ultrasonography as a predictor of difficult laryngoscopy: A diagnostic test accuracy meta-analysis(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2023) Hazir, Melis Sumak; Unal, Dilek; Ambarcioglu, PinarBackground: The studies investigating distance from the skin to epiglottis measurements by ultrasonography (USDSEM) for prediction of difficult laryngoscopy are inconclusive and non-standardised. Aim: We aimed to assess the diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) of US-DSEM relative to Cormack Lehane 3-4 for diagnosing difficult laryngoscopy using a meta-analysis method. Method: Strict inclusion criteria were used to provide clear definition of how to measure US-DSEM. PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase and Google Scholar were searched for papers published between January 2005 and March 2021 to perform a systematic review and DTA meta-analysis. Publications reporting data on US-DSEM in difficult laryngoscopy prediction in adults with normal airway were included. Exclusions were obese or pregnant patients and patients with difficult airway predictors and those in which the measurements were made in a position other than supine and neutral positions. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive/negative likelihood ratios (PLR/NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and area under the hierarchic summary receiver operating characteristics curve (AU-HSROC) were determined. Results: 1244 patients from nine studies were included. Pooled sensitivity: 0.68 (95%CI 0.39-0.87), specificity: 0.76 (95%CI 0.68-0.83), PLR: 2.87 (95%CI 2.20-3.73), NLR: 0.42 (%95CI 0.20-0.87), DOR: 6.80 (95%CI 2.72-17.3), and AU-HSROC: 0.79 (0.75-0.82) were the results. No threshold effect (r = 0.53, p = 0.137) and publication bias (p = 0.540) existed. Conclusion: This meta-analysis showed that US-DSEM measured with linear probe placed transversely at the thyrohyoid membrane level with midline approach and neutral head position is accurate and has diagnostic value in predicting difficult laryngoscopy. However, its sensitivity and specificity are not sufficient to replace clinical tests.Öğe Do reporting guidelines have an impact? Empirical assessment of changes in reporting before and after the PRISMA extension statement for network meta-analysis(Bmc, 2021) Veroniki, Areti Angeliki; Tsokani, Sofia; Zevgiti, Stella; Pagkalidou, Irene; Kontouli, Katerina-Maria; Ambarcioglu, Pinar; Pandis, NikosBackground: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension statement for network meta-analysis (NMA) published in 2015 promotes comprehensive reporting in published systematic reviews with NMA. PRISMA-NMA includes 32 items: 27 core items as indicated in the 2009 PRISMA Statement and five items specific to the reporting of NMAs. Although NMA reporting is improving, it is unclear whether PRISMA-NMA has accelerated this improvement. We aimed to investigate the impact of PRISMA-NMA and highlight key items that require attention and improvement. Methods: We updated our previous collection of NMAs with articles published between April 2015 and July 2018. We assessed the completeness of reporting for each NMA, including main manuscript and online supplements, using the PRISMA-NMA checklist. The PRISMA-NMA checklist originally includes 32 total items (i.e. a 32-point scale original PRISMA-NMA score). We also prepared a modified version of the PRISMA-NMA checklist with 49 items to evaluate separately at a more granular level all multiple-content items (i.e. a 49-point scale modified PRISMA-NMA score). We compared average reporting scores of articles published until and after 2015. Results: In the 1144 included NMAs the mean modified PRISMA-NMA score was 32.1 (95% CI 31.8-32.4) of a possible 49-excellence-score. For 1-year increase, the mean modified score increased by 0.96 (95% CI 0.32 to 1.59) for 389 NMAs published until 2015 and by 0.53 (95% CI 0.02 to 1.04) for 755 NMAs published after 2015. The mean modified PRISMA-NMA score for NMAs published after 2015 was higher by 0.81 (95% CI 0.23 to 1.39) compared to before 2015 when adjusting for journal impact factor, type of review, funding, and treatment category. Description of summary effect sizes to be used, presentation of individual study data, sources of funding for the systematic review, and role of funders dropped in frequency after 2015 by 6-16%. Conclusions: NMAs published after 2015 more frequently reported the five items associated with NMA compared to those published until 2015. However, improvement in reporting after 2015 is compatible with that observed on a yearly basis until 2015, and hence, it could not be attributed solely to the publication of the PRISMA-NMA.Öğe Do reporting guidelines have an impact? Empirical assessment of changes in reporting before and after the PRISMA extension statement for network meta-analysis (vol 10, 246, 2021)(Bmc, 2022) Veroniki, Areti Angeliki; Tsokani, Sofia; Zevgiti, Stella; Pagkalidou, Irene; Kontouli, Katerina-Maria; Ambarcioglu, Pinar; Pandis, Nikos[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Does Food Safety Knowledge Affect Attitudes and Practices? A Preliminary Study of Turkish Veterinary Students(Univ Toronto Press Inc, 2023) Cufaoglu, Gizem; Ambarcioglu, Pinar; Adaca, Aytac UnsalThis study aimed to evaluate effects of the food safety courses that veterinary medicine students take during their education at Kirikkale University, Turkey, on the students' food safety knowledge, attitudes, and practices. A questionnaire comprising demographic, knowledge, attitudes, and practices sections was developed, and eight experts performed the clarity test. The questionnaire was pilot-tested by 35 students. The final questionnaire was conducted among Kirikkale University first-year (freshmen) and fifth-year (senior) veterinary medicine students (n = 224). According to logistic regression analysis results, seniors were 2.8 times more likely than freshmen to have high-level knowledge. However, regardless of students' grades, knowledge level was not observed to correlate with students' behaviors. Additionally, no significant relation was found between knowledge level and gender, food safety career plan, or food poisoning experience (p > .05). Conspicuously, students who lived in a village before entering university were 5.3 times more likely to have high-level knowledge than those who lived in a city center. Overall, this study shows that food safety courses in the curriculum lead to an increase in students' level of food safety knowledge. However, although an increase in knowledge level positively influenced food safety attitudes, students had problems putting their knowledge and attitudes into practice. This may be overcome by focusing on practical courses that teach students how to apply learned knowledge in daily life.Öğe Dose-dependent effects of simvastatin, atorvastatin and rosuvastatin on apoptosis and inflammation pathways on cancerous lung cells(Ankara Univ, 2023) Dikmen, Nursel; Ozkan, Huseyin; Cimen Acikgul, Funda; Camdeviren, Baran; Ay, Emrah; Ambarcioglu, Pinar; Duran, NizamiThe aim of study was to investigate the anti-proliferative and inflammatory effects of atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, and simvastatin in lung cancer. The effects of statins were investigated in Vero, BEAS-2B, and A549 cell lines. In addition to expressions of BAX, BCL-2, TNF alpha, IL-10, IL-6, protein levels of TNF alpha, IL-10, IL-6 were determined. Cell viability and MDA were also measured. While the cell numbers in groups with low doses of statins were found to be approximately 1x106/mL, proliferation was inhibited at higher rates containing high doses. Simvastatin, rosuvastatin, and high dose atorvastatin upregulated the BAX, while high dose of atorvastatin and both doses of rosuvastatin caused downregulation in BCL-2. All statin groups had higher MDA. Simvastatin and high dose rosuvastatin upregulated TNF alpha. While low dose simvastatin and atorvastatin and high dose atorvastatin and rosuvastatin upregulated IL-10, IL6 was upregulated with a low dose of rosuvastatin. TNF alpha was higher in simvastatin and rosuvastatin groups. IL-10 was highest in rosuvastatin groups. Atorvastatin groups had lower IL-6. Although cell numbers have been reduced by all statins, rosuvastatin is more effective on studied genes.Öğe Investigation of Factors Influencing Thoroughbred Horses' Racing Career Length in Turkey(Elsevier Science Inc, 2021) Ozen, Dogukan; Kaya, Ufuk; Ozen, Hulya; Ambarcioglu, Pinar; Unal, Necmettin; Gurcan, Ismayil SafaThe aim of this research was to determine the average length of a Thoroughbred horse's racing career in Turkey using survival functions of Thoroughbred horses with various characteristics. In addition, the aim was to identify risk factors that could influence the duration of a Thoroughbred horse's racing career and develop a survival model that took these factors into account. A total of 11,721 Thoroughbred horses born in 2007 and later were included in the study population. The horses involved in the study were followed for a minimum of 1 year. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to calculate the average length of racing career for each factor studied. Extended Cox regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors upon time of career ending and to create a survival model. Results showed that, the mean career length of Thoroughbred horses was 17.79 months (95% CI: 17.41-18.13). Also, starting age of the race, number of starts, type of track where the race started, racing on a single type racetrack and earning status were found risk factors that affect the length of the racing career. Earnings was the top relative contributor to the established model, and its sole adjusted effect showed that being in the lowest earning group increased the hazard of career ending 2.28 times (95% CI:1.98-2.61) compared to horses with highest earning group. In conclusion, clear differences upon the length of racing career was observed for each investigated factor. Future studies should be considerate of these differences when analyzing population data. (c) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe Meta-analysis of the prevalence of Listeria spp. and antibiotic resistant L. monocytogenes isolates from foods in Turkey(Elsevier, 2021) Cufaoglu, Gizem; Ambarcioglu, Pinar; Ayaz, Naim DenizDue to its ability to survive in challenging conditions, Listeria species have been isolated in almost all kinds of foods. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of Listeria spp. and antibiotic-resistant L. monocytogenes isolates in all types of foods reported in Turkey using meta-analysis. Overall, 103 publications included to this study. The most frequently studied food types were chicken meat, ground beef, deli meat, ready-to-eat foods, cheese, and raw bovine milk, for which the pooled prevalence for L. monocytogenes were found 19.1% (95% CI:15.2%-23.7%), 13.9% (95% CI:9.7%-19.5%), 6.5% (95% CI:4.1%-10.2%), 5.2% (95% CI:3.4%-8.0%), 4.7% (95% CI:3.4%-6.5%), and 2% (95% CI:1.2%-3.1%), respectively. For the same food types the prevalence for Listeria spp. were 62.3% (95% CI:55.2%-69%), 74.9% (95% CI:53.4%-88.6%), 16.8% (95% CI:10.7%-25.5%), 16.6% (95% CI:11.0%-24.3%), 11.0% (95% CI:7.1%-16.8%), and 5.6% (95% CI:3.5%-9%), respectively. For the most preferred antibiotics in listeriosis treatment the mean prevalence of penicillin, ampicillin and gentamicin resistance were found 30.4%, 27.2% and 8.3%, respectively. The rates differed among food types, however they showed that there is a potential risk in terms of public health. The results compiled herein contribute to the epidemiological surveillance of the presence and antibiotic resistance of L. monocytogenes from foods in Turkey.Öğe Occurrence and characterization of ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli from bovine and ovine bulk tank milk samples in Turkey(Wiley, 2021) Kurekci, Cemil; Aydin, Muhsin; Tekeli, Ibrahim Ozan; Ambarcioglu, Pinar; Sengul, Seydi Ahmet; Sakin, FatihThe objective of this study was to examine the occurrence and characteristics of ciprofloxacin-resistant (Cip(R)) Escherichia coli isolates on bulk tank milk (BTM) samples (bovine and ovine origins) in Turkey. A total of 91 BTM samples (41.7%, 95% confidence intervals 35.2-48.6%) out of 218 were found to be positive for Cip(R) E. coli isolates (MIC values of >= 4 mu g/ml). Analysis of PFGE fingerprint profile for E. coli isolates resulted in the 55 different pulsotypes based on >85% homology. All isolates were resistant to enrofloxacin and nalidixic acid and the resistance rates in bovine and ovine origin isolates were 94.9 and 78.1% for norfloxacin (p < .05) and 27.1 and 34.4% for levofloxacin, respectively. Additionally, resistance to non-quinolone antibiotics was commonly observed against tetracycline (resistance rates in bovine and ovine = 91.5 and 87.5%, respectively), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (83.1 and 93.8%, respectively), gentamycin (15.3 and 40.6%, respectively, p < .05) and chloramphenicol (23.7 and 65.6%, respectively, p < .05). The qnrS1 gene (3.1 and 6.8%, respectively) was the most prevalent PMQR genes in isolates from ovine and bovine origins, followed by aac (6 ')-Ib-cr (0 and 5.1%, respectively) and qnrB19 (0 and 1.7%, respectively). The other resistance genes including tetA, tetB, strA/B, aPozhA1, aadA, aadB, bla(CTX-M), and bla(TEM) were also identified in various frequencies. The most frequently observed virulence trait was fimH. The low-level presence of PMQR genes and as well as some virulence traits is an important finding, yet the results of this study are worrisome because quinolone antibiotics are still the drugs of choice for severe infections in humans.Öğe Prevalence, Serotype Diversity and Antibiotic Resistance of Salmonella Among Poultry Meat and Eggs in Turkiye: A Meta-analysis(Galenos Publ House, 2023) Cufaoglu, Gizem; Ambarcioglu, Pinar; Derinoz, Askin Nur; Ayaz, Naim DenizPoultry is a well-known reservoir for Salmonella, and therefore numerous outbreaks have been reported among poultry meat products and eggs. This study is aimed at determining the pooled prevalence, serotype diversity and antibiotic resistance profiles of Salmonella among poultry meat and eggs sold in Turkiye. For this purpose, international (Web of Science and PubMed) and national (ULAKBIM TR Index) electronic databases were searched using based on relevant keywords in English and Turkish, and out of 1,818 articles, 41 were deemed eligible for inclusion in this meta-analysis. The random effects model was accepted when a substantial heterogeneity was obtained according to Q statistics and the I2 value, however the fixed effects model was assumed valid in the opposite case. The pooled prevalence of Salmonella in chicken parts, chicken carcasses, chicken giblets and eggs were 24.4% [95% confidence interval (CI)=17.8-32.6], 21.9% (95% CI=14.0-32.7), 20.1% (95% CI=10.7- 34.6) and 4.8% (95% CI=1.7-13.3), respectively. Salmonella Enteritidis was the most common serotype among eggs, chicken parts and chicken carcasses with the rates of 22.4% (95% CI=3.6-69.3), 19.0% (95% CI=3.3-61.6) and 5.8% (95% CI=2.2-14.4), respectively. The highest pooled antibiotic resistance prevalence of Salmonella spp., regardless of food type, was found in tetracycline (73.9%, 95% CI=51.0-88.5) (p<0.041) and ampicillin (31.5%, 95% CI=20.7-44.6). The high-pooled prevalence of the organism emphasized the potential threat Salmonella poses to public health, and also antibiotic resistance data revealed that the use of tetracyclines, quinolones and penicillin in poultry livestock should be restricted. These results will be of great use in the future epidemiological surveillance of Salmonella spp. presence and antibiotic resistance among poultry meat and eggs in Turkiye.Öğe Serum and milk levels of antibodies to bovine viral diarrhoea virus, bovine herpesvirus-1 and-4, and circulation of different bovine herpesvirus-4 genotypes in dairy cattle with clinical mastitis(Sciendo, 2023) Ataseven, Veysel S.; Ambarcioglu, Pinar; Dogan, FiratIntroduction: Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) and bovine herpesvirus (BoHV)-1 and -4 are important causes of respiratory diseases and reproductive disorders of dairy cattle worldwide.Material and Methods: Investigation of BVDV and BoHV-1 and -4 antibody levels in the serum and milk of dairy cattle in a group with clinical mastitis and a healthy group was undertaken using an indirect ELISA, and identification of the BoHV-4 genotypes in clinical mastitis cases was attempted by PCR and sequencing.Results: Antibodies specific to BVDV, BoHV-1 and BoHV-4 were detected in the serum and milk of all dairy cattle with clinical mastitis. The cut-off values for BVDV and BoHV-1 in the sera and milk were extremely high in both healthy and mastitic animals. However, BoHV-4 antibodies were detected only in the clinically mastitic cattle, and BoHV-4 levels were higher in milk than in sera among these animals. Genotypes I and II of BoHV-4 were detected in the milk samples of four seropositive cows with clinical mastitis from the same herd.Conclusion: The results of this investigation demonstrate that clinical mastitis cases in the same herd may have aetiology in different BoHV-4 genotypes.Öğe Synthetic (JWH-018) cannabinoid-induced immune suppression of T-lymphocytes in spleen tissue(Polish Soc Veterinary Sciences Editorial Office, 2024) Mutluay, Duygu; Tenekeci, Gozde Yucel; Ambarcioglu, Pinar; Uslu, SemaSynthetic cannabinoid JWH-018 is a potent cannabinoid receptor agonist that plays a role in the immune system. It is a substance whose consumption is rising globally. While numerous studies have explored the impact of cannabinoids on immunity, limited information exists regarding the immunosuppressive effects on T cells within spleen tissue. Hence, this study aims to investigate the effects of JWH-018 on CD cells in the spleen. Thirty male CD -1 mice were categorized into three groups: the sham group (G1), the ethanol group (G2), and the JWH-018 group (G3). These animals received treatments of saline, ethanol, and JWH-018 (0.3 mg/kg) respectively for 9 consecutive days, after which all groups were sacrificed on day 2. Our findings revealed a statistically significant weight loss in G3 compared to G2, whereas a weight gain was observed in G1 and G2. Except for one animal, no significant histopathological changes were detected in the control and treatment groups. However, the treatment group exhibited a notable decrease in white pulp size. Moreover, we demonstrated that JWH-018 can induce apoptosis, leading to a decrease in CD3, CD4, and CD8 expression in T cells, which may result in immunosuppression in vivo in T lymphocytes. These results collectively suggest that exposure to JWH-018 can lead to the suppression of CD3, CD4, and CD8 expression by inducing apoptosis. Consequently, the results of this study show that JWH-018 may have a potential for use as an immunosuppressant in various medical conditions, particularly in autoimmune diseases or situations requiring immune system suppression.Öğe Use of essential oil mixture to improve antioxidant capacity and concentrations of cecum short-chain fatty acids in Turkish domestic geese (Anser anser)(Ankara Univ Press, 2022) Aydin, Ozlem Durna; Yildiz, Gultekin; Merhan, Oguz; Bulut, Songul Ulufer; Tarhane, Ayse Kanici; Ambarcioglu, Pinar; Kirmizigul, Ali HaydarThe aim of this study is to investigate the effect of essential oil mixture supplemented in drinking water on antioxidant capacity and intestinal health in geese. One hundred eight chicks (which were 3 days old) were randomly allocated to 3 groups and each group was allocated to 6 subgroups. Research groups have been as follows: C (Control; without supplementation); E1 (0.4 ml/L essential oil mixture supplementation) and E2 (0.8 ml/L essential oil mixture supplementation). The duration of the experiment was 13 weeks. In the first 4 weeks of the trial, the animals were fed for the chick period. In the last 9 weeks of the trial, geese were fed in the pasture under the conditions of Kars province. In the 4th week and at the end of the experiment, GSH exhibited a linear response (P=0.008 and P=0.004, respectively). However, MDA, GSH, SOD, GPx, CAT, nitric oxide, ceruloplasmin, albumin, total protein and globulin were not affected. At the end of the experiment, acetic acid, butyric acid, isocaproic acid and total short-chain fatty acid concentrations were linearly affected with the gradued level of essential oil mixture. There were no significant differences in propionic acid, isobutyric acid, valeric acid, isovaleric acid, caproic acid and BCFA concentrations. In conclusion, water containing essential oil mixture in geese can be used to improve antioxidant capacity and intestinal health.
