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    Effects of sowing date and growth duration on growth and yield of groundnut in a Mediterranean-type environment in Turkey
    (Elsevier, 2008) Caliskan, S.; Caliskan, M. E.; Arslan, M.; Arioglu, H.
    Matching the phenology of the crop to the duration of favorable conditions by selecting the most appropriate sowing dates to avoid periods of stress is crucial for maximum yield. A 2-year field study was conducted to assess the effects of climatic factors on groundnut growth and yield at various dates of sowing in a Mediterranean-type environment at Hatay, Turkey in 2001 and 2002. Two cultivars (NC 7 and Com) were sown at five sowing dates (15 April, 1 May, 15 May, 1 June and 15 June) to expose the groundnut plant to a variety of climatic conditions, and were harvested at 120, 140 or 160 days after emergence. Sowing dates, cultivars and growth durations significantly affected to pod yield, number of pod per plant, shelling percentage, 100-seed weight, biomass, harvest index, crop growth rate, and oil and protein content. Very early sowing before I May did not generate any advantage for earliness and yield due to sub-optimal temperature for vegetative growth. Our results revealed that the most suitable period for groundnut sowing is between mid-May and early June for the eastern Mediterranean region since plants expose to suitable temperature regimes during the vegetative and the reproductive growth stages, and receive more solar radiation and sunshine duration during the entire growing period. Lengthening of growth duration had positive effect on yield at early sowings, but satisfactory yield level can be achieved with 140 days growth duration using current cultivars. It is also possible to obtain over 3.0 t ha(-1) pod yield, which is considered as acceptable level by the grower in the region with shorter growth duration in double crop production. It was concluded that Mediterranean climate offers a long and suitable environment having at least 160 calendar days or 2400-2500 degrees Cd thermal time for both main and double crop production of the groundnut with acceptable yield levels. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Growth and development of Virginia type groundnut cultivars under Mediterranean conditions
    (Taylor & Francis As, 2008) Caliskan, Sevgi; Caliskan, M. E.; Erturk, E.; Arslan, M.; Arioglu, H.
    The growth and development of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) are under the influence of complex environmental factors. Understanding of the growth responses of the groundnut to environmental factors may improve the application of better management practices and develop better cultivars to overcome the problems causing reductions in yield. A two-year field experiment was conducted to determine the growth and development response of groundnut genotypes to environmental factors in the eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey in 2001 and 2002. Time from sowing to physiological maturity (R8) ranged from 2513 degrees Cd to 2588 degrees Cd in 2001 and from 2514 degrees Cd to 2573 degrees Cd in 2002 while total calendar days varied between 147 and 153 and between 156 and 161 depending on genotypes in 2001 and 2002, respectively. Dry matter accumulation in each part of the plants continued until maturity although accumulation rate differed depending on plant age. Combination of suitable temperature and photoperiod during the reproductive stages resulted in continuous and abundant reproductive plant parts, which led to delayed harvest and increased unmarketable pods. The slower growth rate due to the cooler conditions during early stages caused slower biomass accumulation in successive stages indicating the importance of initial crop growth for final yield. Therefore, the genotypes having high initial growth rate, less reproductive organs, and shorter growing period should be developed for the Mediterranean conditions by breeders. The management studies should also deal with increased initial growth rate and reduced number of flowers, pegs or pods per plant. Based on our results, groundnut has a great yield potential under the Mediterranean conditions. However, further breeding and management studies are needed to improve the yield and profitability and reduce the complications arisen from the Mediterranean climate.
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    Overview of the Turkish Potato Sector: Challenges, Achievements and Expectations
    (Springer, 2010) Caliskan, Mehmet Emin; Onaran, H.; Arioglu, H.
    Having a history of nearly 150 years in Turkey, potato has become one of the most important agricultural crops of the country. Potato production, processing, marketing and consumption have become a major sector as well. However, regardless of these advancements, the Turkish potato sector has still not reached its full potential. Therefore, different approaches are needed in the Turkish potato sector to overcome chronic problems as soon as possible. This paper summarizes the past and the current situation of the Turkish potato industry and evaluates its weaknesses and strengths.