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Öğe Analysis of methanol and its derivatives in illegally produced alcoholic beverages(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2015) Arslan, M. Mustafa; Zeren, Cem; Aydin, Zeki; Akcan, Ramazan; Dokuyucu, Recep; Keten, Alper; Cekin, NecmiIntroduction: Illegal alcohol production remains as a common issue worldwide. Methanol poisoning mostly occurs because of the methanol used in production of counterfeit alcohol instead of ethyl alcohol due to its low price or by drinking the liquids containing methyl alcohol. Pectolytic enzymes results in an increase of methanol levels in many fermentation products such as ciders or wines. Methanol poisonings are infrequently encountered in forensic medicine practice. However, sporadic cases due to methanol intoxication as well as epidemic cases have been reported. In this study, we aimed to identify existence of methanol and its metabolites in illegally produced alcoholic beverages used in Antakya region. Material and methods: Twelve legally produced alcohol samples and Fifty-six different illegally produced alcohol samples were collected from the markets and local producers. Existence of methanol, formic acid, methyl amine, methyl formate and trioxan were determined using GC-MS method in these samples. Results: Fifty-six different illegal alcohol samples were analyzed in this study and methanol was detected in 39 (75%) of samples. Formic acid was detected in 3, formamide in 1, methyl amine in 6, methyl formate in 10 and trioxan in 2 samples. Conclusion: Overwhelming majority of illegal alcoholic beverages was detected to contain methanol. Interestingly this study also revealed the presence of trioxane, which has not previously reported among toxic agents in illegal alcohol samples. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd and Faculty of Forensic and Legal Medicine. All rights reserved.Öğe Childhood casualties during civil war: Syrian experience(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2015) Celikel, Adnan; Karbeyaz, Kenan; Kararslan, Bekir; Arslan, M. Mustafa; Zeren, CemIn war areas a lot of children die as well as adults. According to UNICEF, almost 2 million children have died in the wars took place in the last 10 years. In this study, we aimed to evaluate demographical data and injury characteristics of Syrian children who were wounded in Syria Civil War and died while being treated in Turkey. Postmortem examination and autopsy reports of 985 forensic deaths from Hatay -a Syrian neighborhood city of Turkey-between January 2012 and August 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. Among 763 Syrian people who were wounded in the war and died while being treated in Turkey, 140 cases (18.3%) who were younger than 18 years of age were taken into the scope of this study. Among those cases 77.9% (n = 109) were male and 22.1% were female. Median ages of female cases are 14 (min-max: 2-18) and median age of female cases are 9 (min-max: 1-18). Frequency distribution is highest between 13 and 18 years of age (n: 71, 50.7%). In 70% (n: 98) of cases, cause of death is bombing and shrapnel injuries, 13.6% (19) of them were killed by gunshot wounds. According to injury sites most of the injuries were reported to be on multiple body parts (54.3%, n: 76) and only head and neck injuries (%30). Cause of death was intracranial bleeding and cerebral parenchymal injury in most of the cases (n: 66, %47.1) followed by vascular damage with external bleeding (n: 15, %10.7) and internal organ damage with internal bleeding (n: 15, %10.7). The cases had very high level Abbreviated Injury Scales and Injury Severity Sores. In conclusion, a lot of children have died in the Civil War of Syria. Their average abbreviated injury scale and injury severity score values reported very high. Children that we evaluated were mostly died of head and neck injuries predominantly caused by bombing attacks and Autopsies of them revealed fatal intracranial hemorrhages and parenchymal injuries. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd and Faculty of Forensic and Legal Medicine. All rights reserved.Öğe Childhood deaths resulted from burn injuries in diyarbakir(TIP ARASTIRMALARI DERNEGI, 2009) Berber, Gurol; Özdeş, Taşkin; Arslan, M. MustafaAim: Deaths resulted from burn injuries constitute a serious public health problem in developing countries. Deaths from burn injuries are usually seen secondary to accidents and more frequently occur in chidhood. In this study; we intended to indicate the features of childhood deaths resulted from burn injuries and the causes of burns in Diyarbakir city. Methods: The corpse examination and autopsy records of childhood deaths caused by burn injuries between 2003 and 2006 in the city center of Diyarbakir were scrutinized. It was determined that, during this period 49 deaths were caused by burn injuries. Results: It was also determined that 61.22 % of the cases were male and 91.84 % of them were at pre-school age period(0-6 years). Origins of all incidents were accident and 75.51 % of accidents were resulted from scald burns. Forty of incidents were treated in a certain period and died during treatment. Conclusion: During pre-school period, children spend most of their times at home, which might increase the frequency of burn injuries at this age. Since these kinds of accidents are generally preventable, implemented health and social policies will help to reduce home accidents.Öğe Determination of ethyl glucuronide in fingernails by LC/MS-MS(Romanian Legal Med Soc, 2013) Keten, Alper; Zeren, Cem; Arslan, M. Mustafa; Daglioglu, Nebile; Karanfil, Ramazan; Sen, Bilge BulbulIntroduction: Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) is a biomarker used for detection of alcohol consumption. Fingernail is a keratinous tissue capable of accumulating a number of biomarkers and metabolites of toxic agents. Therefore, nails are used especially for determination toxic exposure in forensic analyses. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate EtG in fingernail tissue and show its correlation with alcohol intake behavior. Materials and Methods: Michigan Alcohol Screening Test (MAST) was performed to the individuals participated in the study. Sixteen fingernails were obtained from each individual. Afterwards, EtG analysis was carried out in fingernail tissue using LC/MS/MS. Results: Michigan Alcohol Screening Test revealed that 4 participants showed non-hazardous drinking behavior and 8 cases were alcohol abusers, while 4 cases verbally stated they were abstainers. On the analyses, EtG was found between EtG level ofÖğe Evaluation of Intoxication Cases Applying to the Emergency Department of Medical School Hospital(Aves, 2012) Zeren, Cem; Karakus, Ali; Celik, M. Murat; Arica, Vefik; Tutanc, Murat; Arslan, M. MustafaObjective: Poisoning has been an important human problem since ancient times. The definition of a poison as a substance drug whch was potentially fatal was first introduced by the British in 1230. In our study, we aimed to retrospectively evaluate the cases of poisoning admitted to the Mustafa Kemal University Hospital between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2010. Material and Methods: Poisoning cases admitted to the emergency room were reviewed retrospectively. Age, gender, places of transportation, clinical status, types of poisoning, intoxication periods, locations and methods of treatment, length of stay and outcomes were evaluated. Results: A total of 134 cases of poisoning were studied, of whom 30.6% were male and 69.4% were female. The mean age was 27.87 +/- 12.97. The cases were referred to hospital, 53.7% were fully conscious, 35.1% were confused and 11.2% were unconscious Drugs that cause poisoning were classified as, multiple drug (47patients-35.1%), antidepressants (29 patients-21.6%) and pesticides (26 patients-19.4%), respectively. Poisoning is most commonly seen in December. One hundred and twenty-three (91.8%) patients were treated by gastric lavage, activated charcoal and antidote. Seventy-five patients (56%), in the emergency bed service, 21 out (15.6%) in intensive care and 38 patients (28.4%) under emergency observation were discharged following observation. Most of the cases (53 cases 39.6%) were (determined 3 days lies) kept under observation as inpatients for 3 days. The patients were evaluated according to the results of follow-up and treatment; 131 patients (97.8%) were discharged after treatment, 3 patients (2.2%) were transferred No death occurred in the cases of poisoning which were treated. Conclusion: Poisoning was most commonly seen following multiple drug intake, in suicide attempts in adults, and in children by accidental ingesting. Most of the patients can be kept under observation in emergency beds and discharged from the service, by experienced emergency physicians. In order to reduce the incidence of poisoning, the family and society should be educated cleaning agents kept in inaccessible places and advice given regarding not prescribing unnecessary drugs or selling drugs without prescription.Öğe Evaluation of sexual assaults in Turkey(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2013) Karanfil, Ramazan; Keten, Alper; Zeren, Cem; Arslan, M. Mustafa; Eren, AliIntroduction: Sex crimes remain an important problem all over the world. Very few studies about sexual offenses in Turkey have been published. Sexual assault is a serious social problem that constitutes serious health conditions affecting the lives of involved individuals. In this study, we aimed to investigate socio-demographic features of victims, assailant-victim relationships and sexual assault findings. Material and methods: A total of 324 sexual assault victims presenting to and examined in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Medical Faculty, between January 2007 and December 2010 were included in the study. The victims completed a survey at face to face interviews. Results: Of 324 victims, 268 (82.7%) were female and 56 (17.3%) were male. The mean age of the victims was 16.78 +/- 7.16 years. In all cases, types of the assaults were as following; vaginal penetration in 160 (49.4%), anal penetration in 117(36.1%), oral penetration with penis in 7(2.2%) and in the form of kissing, fondling, touching the sex organ and rubbing the sex organ in 60 (18.5%) cases. Of all the assaults, 149 (46%) were found to take place in the assailants' homes and 49 (15.1%) in the victims' homes. Of 139 cases, 85 (26.3%) had genital injury alone and 54 (16.7%) had anal injury. Conclusion: On the contrary to the previous studies, this study revealed that sexual assaults occurred mostly in the assailants' homes and that the incidence of anal trauma was higher. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd and Faculty of Forensic and Legal Medicine. All rights reserved.Öğe Factors associated with PTSD in cases of sexual assault(In House Publications, 2015) Çelikel, Adnan; Demirkiran, D. Sümeyra; Özsoy, Sait; Zeren, Cem; Arslan, M. MustafaAim: Acute stress disorder, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can be seen in people who have been sexually assaulted. The aim of this study is to evaluate the socio-demographic characteristics of cases that are exposed to sexual assault and their relationship with PTSD. Materials and Methods: The forensic reports of 175 sexual assault cases were analyzed retrospectively who were assessed in terms of physical and mental health disorders by Hatay Forensic Medicine Directorate between January 2011-March 2013. Results: Of all victims, 143 (81,7%) were female and 32 (18,3%) were male. The ages of cases were ranged between 1 and 71 (median: male: 12, female: 16). It was determined that PTSD was developed in 47 victims after sexual assault and 3 cases were referred to a higher center. Sexual assaults were occurred more often in the home environment and victims were assaulted by people they knew (n: 123, 70,3%). PTSD development was significantly higher in victims who were assaulted by anal and vaginal route (p<0,001). There was no significant difference in the presence of PTSD between male and female victims. However it is observed that presence of PTSD increases with age (p<0,05). Conclusion: As a conclusion it is found that sexual assault by anal and vaginal region and older ages are the significant risk factors for development of PTSD. © 2015, Adnan Çelikel et al.Öğe Firing Distance Estimates with Pellet Dispersion from Shotgun with Various Chokes: An Experimental, Comparative Study(Wiley-Blackwell, 2011) Arslan, M. Mustafa; Kar, Hakan; Uner, Bulent; Cetin, GurselThere are several studies suggesting models for firing distance estimation due to pellet dispersion, but few of them consider the degree of choke of a shotgun. The purpose of this research is to suggest some models for estimation of the firing distance for choked and cylinder bore shotguns. Twelve gauge with full chokes, and 12 and 16 gauge with cylinder bore shotguns were fired with #2 and #5 shots from 75, 100, 300, 500, and 1000 cm distances. Statistically significant pellet dispersion values were found for each shotgun by using #2 and #5 shots for different firing distances. All the data obtained were analyzed with linear regression and four models were constituted. Investigators should use special formulae for each shotgun, degree of choke, and pellet type while determining the firing distance. Therefore, more experimental and comparative studies should be designed for each type.Öğe General characteristics of child sexual offenders in Hatay, Turkey(2016) Arslan, M. Mustafa; Demirkıran, Dua Sümeyra; Akcan, Ramazan; Zeren, Cem; Kokaçya, Mehmet HanifiAmaç: Cinsel saldırı sanıkları yeteri kadar tanımlanmayan ve rapor edilmeyen bir konudur. Biz bu çalışma ile çocukluk çağı cinsel istismarcılarının sosyodemografik özellikleri ile suç ilişkisini incelemeyi amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntem: Sosyal hizmet uzmanlarının 2009-2013 yıllarında 48 olgu ile yaptıkları görüşmeler sonrasında düzenledikleri raporlar retrospektif olarak incelenmiştir. Çalışma için bu raporların tercih edilmesinin nedeni ise sanıkların bireysel, ailevi özelliklerini ve suç ile ilgili bilgileri içeriyor olmasıdır. Olguların sosyodemografik ve psikososyal özellikleri araştırılmıştır. Bulgular: Dört yıllık sürede cinsel suç işlediği iddiası ile görüşme yapılan olgu sayısının 48 olduğu belirlendi. Sanıkların yaşları 12 ile 17 arasında ve hepsi erkek cinsiyetinde idi. Olguların %50'si eğitimine devam etmediği saptandı. Olguların sadece 2'sinde ensest öyküsü vardı. Sanıkların 3'ünde suç tekrarı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Cinsel eylem türü olarak 20'sinde (%41,7) fiili livata olduğu iddia edilmiştir. Sanıkların 19'u sigara, 4'ü drug kullandığını belirtmiştir. 12 ailenin (%25) ekonomik durumu bulunduğu çevre koşullarına göre yetersiz olduğu kanaatine varılmıştır. Dağılmış aile öyküsü olan 23 olgunun (%4,9) 15'inde babadan ayrı yaşadıkları, üç olguda babanın ölmüş olduğu saptanmıştır. Sosyal hizmet uzmanın görüşüne göre olguların 47'si psikososyal gelişim olarak yapılan eylemin farkında oldukları bildirilmiştir. Olguların 7'sinde dürtü kontrol bozukluğu ve 1 olguda zekâ geriliği olabileceği belirtilmiştir. Diğer olgularda arkadaş çevresinden etkilenme ve dağılmış ailenin suç işlemede önemli etkenler olduğu kanaatine varılmıştır. 12 çocuk için danışmanlık hizmeti veya korunma tedbirinin uygulanması gerektiği bildirilmiştir. Sonuç: Sonuç olarak çalışmamızda; cinsel suç işlediği iddia edilen çocuklarda eğitimini devam etmeme kararı verenlerin oranı yüksek bulunmuştur. Erkek mağdurların ve fiili livata eylemi oranının yüksek bulunması dikkat çekici bulunmuştur. Dağılmış aile ve özellikle babanın olmadığı ailelerin erkek çocukları cinsel istismar suçu işlemeye daha yatkın olduğu tespit edilmiştirÖğe Increased drug seizures in Hatay, Turkey related to civil war in Syria(Elsevier Science Bv, 2015) Arslan, M. Mustafa; Zeren, Cem; Celikel, Adnan; Ortanca, Ibrahim; Demirkiran, Sumeyra[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Missed injuries in explosion-related deaths(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2016) Demirkiran, D. Sumeyra; Celikel, Adnan; Oruc, Cem; Demirkiran, Gokhan; Zeren, Cem; Arslan, M. MustafaIn this study we aim to compare clinical diagnoses and post-mortem diagnoses of explosion-related deaths and identify the unrevealed diagnoses missed by physicians. Forensic autopsy reports of three years between January 2012 and December 2014 were collected retrospectively and 277 explosion-related deaths are included in the study. Out of 277 cases, 245 (88.4%) of them are male and 32 (11.6%) of them are female. The mean age is 27.8years. The mean injury severity score is 37.8 +/- 14.54.90 and 32.5% of the cases died in the first 24h after getting injured. The most frequent injury is head injury (39.0%) and the second most frequent is injuries to multiple body regions (27.8%). Of eight cases of lower extremity injuries, six were found to have injuries of large vessels in post-mortem examinations. Our conclusion is that injury severity scores in cases of explosion-related injuries are higher than those in cases of general trauma. The frequency of missed diagnoses is higher in cases of vessel injuries and multiple injuries. It can be thought that small but lethal lesions can be overlooked when a major trauma is dealt with. In addition, injuries of the internal organs due to blast effects without any macroscopic examination findings can be misleading for physicians.Öğe Unexpected suicide and irrational thinking in adolescence: A case report(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2011) Akcan, Ramazan; Arslan, M. Mustafa; Cekin, Necmi; Karanfil, RamazanThis report aims to draw attention to the fragility of adolescents' mind and irrational thinking in adolescence that might lead to suicide due to unusual experiences, by presenting a case of completed suicide with its unusual etiology. The victim, a 13 years old boy, had a quarrel with his mother as she sacrificed his pet, a cock, to prepare for dinner. Because of this, the victim had denied to join the family for dinner and wanted to be alone. While the family having dinner, a passing by neighbor realized that the victim was suspended with a ligature around his neck, in the backyard of the house. Meaningfully, there were feathers of cock in pants pockets of the deceased, in the corpse examination. Adolescents are experiencing dramatic physical and emotional changes, and being oversensitive and fragile in that period of life. Thus, a life experience that is tolerable to adults might badly affect adolescents and lead to suicide which is incomprehensible to them. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd and Faculty of Forensic and Legal Medicine. All rights reserved.
