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Öğe Analysis of the Current Dynamics of Gentrification: Studentification Process and its Impact in Serinyol/Antakya Case(Kare Publ, 2021) Aslan, Ahmet Suvar; Cakir, BilgeThe concept of gentrification has been transformed since the first day the concept emerged. Today, the definition of gentrification, its spatial scale, and its geographical location has changed and the definition has been re-conceptualized. One of the new gentrification concepts introduced at the beginning of the 21st century is the concept of studentification, which was translated into our language as ogrencilestirme. This study examines the spatial and social transformation in the region where Alahan, Anayazi, Derince, Serinyol and Zulufluhan neighborhoods are located around the main campus of Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, which was the first university of Hatay and established in 1992, on the basis of the concept of studentification, and tries to explain the process through the effect of the concept on the city's rural neighborhoods. The university campus chooses a place in the rural area of Antakya, has led to a social and spatial transformation through students. The study shows that this transformation has developed in favor of capital owners and establishes the relationship between studentification and gentrification in rural areas. In the study, where a rural area differentiated from the city center by being reshaped in line with the needs of students, thus the area is urbanized under the leadership of studentification, the capital owners can have a say in the development decisions of the area according to their economic power, changes are experienced in the physical landscape, and the low-income is indirectly displaced are among the significant findings.Öğe Evaluation of the Affordability of Mortgage Loans Offered as a Solution for Housing Issue(Yildiz Technical Univ, Fac Architecture, 2019) Aslan, Ahmet SuvarHousing which has a layered structure, is a physical and financial asset. As a physical asset, it is fixed in a particular place. This spatial stability plays a role in shaping economic, political and social relations. On the other hand, as a financial asset, it is liquid and enables trade. Mortgage loans are an important part of the financial aspect of housing. Mortgage loans affect multiple areas such as urban planning, architecture, finance, socio-political area and are affected by those areas. The World Bank's 1993 report, titled as Housing: Enabling Markets to Work, highlighted the importance of the housing sector and introduced policy principles for the governments' practises. In the following period, the importance, impact and size of housing finance, especially in developed countries, increased significantly. This has further strengthened the emphasis on housing ownership which has increased as a result of neoliberal policies. Thus, the demand for social housing has become increasingly invisible. As a result of these practices, the problem of housing has become more difficult especially for low-income citizens. This study seeks to investigate how mortgage loans, used as an instrument to solve the housing problem, enables to access housing. To achieve this goal, it is focused on the distribution and affordability of mortgage loans in the housing market of Istanbul by using the mixed method. In this study, mortgage loans data of Istanbul for the period 2010-2014, provided by one of the five largest private banks of the Turkish mortgage market, is evaluated. Using these results as base, indepth interviews are conducted with experts. To summarize the results obtained, it is seen that people who are able to use mortgage loans are not those who are struggling with the problem of housing in real terms. Thereby, it is come out that new questions need to be asked about affordability and sustainability of mortgage loans, which are offered as a one of the solution options to the housing problem of Turkey.Öğe FINANCIALIZATION OF HOUSING AND MORTGAGE DEBT REPAYMENT STRATEGIES OF HOUSEHOLDS IN TURKEY(Middle East Technical Univ, 2021) Aslan, Ahmet SuvarHousing is a complex phenomenon with social, economic and political dimensions. It is also an expensive fixed asset that can be used and consumed for centuries. Due to the considerable amount of capital required for the realization of housing projects, a mutually supportive relationship is established between the finance and the housing sectors. Mortgage loans are the major tools provided by financial institutions to households for acquisition of housing. On the other hand, mortgage loans usually constitute the largest debt item of a family and are highly effective on the organization of their everyday lives as they are given on their future incomes. Given the increasing trend in the use of mortgages by households in Turkey since 2007, when mortgage law was adopted, this paper offers two key insights. Firstly, based on the historical account of Turkey's housing market, it is argued in the paper that the financialization of space in Turkey is realized through mortgage market expansion, and accordingly the effects of financialization on the housing market is investigated. Secondly, it demonstrates that the financialised housing market in Turkey is highly dependent on family relationships and their financial supports. Research findings also indicate that despite the growth of the mortgage market, owner-occupation has declined in total and use of mortgage was concentrated within the middle income groups. The study was conducted in Istanbul, the largest metropolis of Turkey, using a mixed method approach, and investigated the daily life experiences of mortgage debt owners by combining different sets of data to present a dynamic discussion arena for future studies.Öğe The Relationship of Mortgaged Loans with Gated Communities(Peter Lang Publishing Group, 2023) Aslan, Ahmet SuvarThe multidimensional nature of the house housing makes it different for each individual, group, and actor. As Madden and Marcuse point out, the housing may be a speculative commodity for one actor but a home for another. Housing also plays an essential role in the reproduction of social life. In this context, for those who want to live with people with similar cultural and economic capital, housing becomes an identity construction, and gated communities contribute to forming this identity. This new housing supply, which started in the United States in the 1980s, began to be seen in different world geographies in a short time. Gated communities have quickly turned into a preferred housing supply, as can be seen in the global north countries as well as in the global south countries. Although these residences were produced for the upper and middle- upper classes when they first emerged in Turkey, they started to serve the middle classes as well, within the framework of the construction- oriented growth approach determined by Turkey after 2002. In this context, the mortgage law enacted in Turkey in 2007 was influential in accelerating access to these residences. Thus, a period was entered in which white- collar workers took long- term loans and started to own houses in communities formed by people like themselves. Kayapınar Municipality, established within the borders of Diyarbakır Metropolitan Municipality in 2008, increased its population by 211.6 % from 2008 to 2021 as a particular example of this background. This district accounted for over half of the mortgage loans used in Diyarbakır. Even though Kayapınar has emerged as a natural new development area due to the macro form of the city, it has grown faster than the target. This growth in Kayapınar has been a process in which large landowners who want to benefit from urban rent with the new housing demand of the middle class and effective use of mortgage loans come to the fore. Over the years, many gated communities have been built in the settlement. This study examines the relationship between mortgage loans, one of the tools that have an essential role in the financialization of urban space, and gated communities serving the middle class. In this context, using different data sets together, this study also sheds light on the people who buy housing with mortgage loans in this area. © 2023 Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften.Öğe Türkiye’de Yabancıların Mülk Edinimi: Yalova Konut Sektörü Örneği(2023) Aslan, Ahmet SuvarBu makale, küreselleşmenin sonuçlarından biri olan sermayenin akışkanlaşması ve beraberinde sermaye sahiplerinin bir mekâna bağlı kalmaksızın faaliyetlerini sürdürebilmelerinin sonuçlarından biri olan yabancı yatırımcıların farklı motivasyonlara göre bir başka ülkede konut sahibi olmalarının mekânsal etkilerini araştırmaktadır. Küresel sisteme entegre olabilen kentlerin yabancı yatırımcıları çekme ihtimalleri daha büyük olmakla birlikte başka şehirlerin de bu yatırımcıların ilgi alanına girmeleri ve bunun neticesinde konut piyasasını şekillendirmeleri mümkündür. Bu çalışmada, tam da böyle bir kent olan Yalova üzerinden yabancı yatırımcıların kentsel mekândaki etkilerine ilişkin bir tartışma yürütülmektedir. Çalışma, 2014-2022 yılları arasındaki bir dizi nicel veriyi kullanarak, yabancıların mülk edinmelerinin ardındaki motivasyonları ve bunların yerel konut piyasaları üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektedir. Yabancılara yapılan konut satışlarının Türkiye kentsel gündeminin önemli maddelerinden biri haline gelmesi ile Türkiye kentleşmesinde finansallaşma tartışmalarının öne çıkması birer tesadüf değildir. Bu iki süreç bir bütünün parçası olarak yaşanmaktadır. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin 100. yılında konut politikalarında öne çıkan bu başlıkların analizi ve sonrasında doğru politika önerileriyle Türkiye’nin geleceğine dair daha sağlıklı bir yapılı çevreye kavuşmak mümkün olabilir. Bu araştırma, Yalova'nın yabancılara satılan mülk sayısı bakımından 11.590 adet ile Türkiye'deki şehirlerin arasında beşinci sırada yer aldığını ortaya koymaktadır. Yalova'daki toplam konut stokunun %6,77'sinin yabancılara ait olması dikkat çekicidir; bu oran, Türkiye'de yabancıların gayrimenkul yatırımı yaptığı ilk 10 şehir arasındaki en yüksek orandır. Bu makalede, yabancı yatırımcıların getireceği finansal kazancın, yerelde yaşayan düşük ve orta gelirli kişilere uygun fiyatlı, kaliteli konut alabilmeleri için destek olarak kullanılması önerilmektedir. Bu sayede, yabancı yatırımcıların konut fiyatlarını yükseltme etkisi bir dereceye kadar azaltılabilecektir.
