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    Acute effects of recreational soccer on inflammatory response and cardiac and skeletal muscle damage indicators
    (Univ Press, 2019) Aslant, Alper; Salci, Yasar; Bicer, Bilal; Savas, Nazan; Duran, Nizami
    Introduction: Previous studies have indicated that acute bouts of strenuous, long duration exercise induce significant increases in the inflammatory profile and cardiovascular risk markers. Although recreational soccer (RS) is a widespread activity there are no data on this topic. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine RS-induced changes in inflammatory, cardiac, and skeletal muscle damage indicators in young and middle-aged males. Methods: Twelve young and 11 middle-aged males participated in the study. The participants played 6v6 1 h RS, where heart rate (HR) responses and external loads (distance covered, number of accelerations/decelerations) were determined. Blood samples were taken immediately prior to and following the matches, and 2 h, 4 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h later. Results: Absolute HR responses and the number of accelerations and decelerations were higher in young participants than the middle-aged participants (p < 0.05). RS increased high sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) in almost all participants. A total of 83.3% of the young participants exceeded the upper reference limit (URL), whereas none of the middle-aged participants exceeded the URL. Hs-cTnI levels returned to baseline after 24 and 48 h in the middle-aged and young participants, respectively. High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and creatine kinase (CK) increased in the middle-aged participants (p < 0.05), and in the young participants, though not significantly (p > 0.05). RS also led to significant increases in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in both groups (p < 0.05). Hs-CRP, CK, and LDH values returned to baseline levels within 48 to 72 h, except for the LDH values of the young participants. Conclusion: RS induced short-term increases in cardiac and skeletal muscle damage markers and the inflammatory profile in young and middle-aged RS participants.