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Öğe Bazı tritikale çeşit ve hatlarının morfolojik karakterizasyonu(2006) Atak, Mehmet; Çiftçi, Cemalettin YaşarBu çalışma; 1999-2000 ve 2000-2001 yetiştirme dönemlerinde, A.Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi, Araştırma ve Uygulama Çiftliği deneme tarlalarında yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada, materyal olarak 25 adet tritikale çeşit/hattı kullanılmış, bu çeşit ve hatlar verim ve bazı verim öğeleri yönünden incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre; iki yılın ortalaması olarak alt ve üst değerler; çiçeklenme tarihinde 27.00 (ZF 12) - 35.87 (LAD 388) gün, bitki boyunda 109.6 (MT 1) - 144.1 (ZF 3) cm, fertil kardeş sayısında 4.31 (JGS) - 5.06 (ZF 6) adet / bitki, başak uzunluğunda 85.24 (ZF 7) - 107.9 (CWT ) mm, başakçık sayısında 19.42 (ZF 12) - 27.05 (ZF 3) adet / başak, başakta tane sayısında 39.34 (ZF 12) - 53.97 (LAD 388) adet / başak, başakta tane ağırlığında 1.54 (ZF 12 ) - 2.26 (ZF 8) g / başak, bin tane ağırlığında 32.45 (LAD 388) - 43.62 (ZF 16) g, tane veriminde 4750.3 (ZF 12) - 5920.9 (ZF 16) kg/ha, hasat indeksinde % 29.3 (ZF 3) - 36.37 (ZF 16), protein oranında % 11.90 (Tatlıcak-97) -14.37 (ZF 3) olarak belirlenmiştir.Öğe Bazı tritikale çeşitlerine uygulanan farklı gama dozlarının fide gelişimi üzerine etkileri(2006) Atak, Mehmet; Kaya, Mehmet Demir; Çiftçi, Cemalettin YaşarBu araştırma, M1 generasyonunda tritikalenin çıkışı ve fide gelişimi üzerine gama dozlarının etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada materyal olarak Karma-2000, Presto ve Tatlıcak-97 tritikale çeşitleri ile farklı gama dozları (0, 50, 100 ve 200 ve 300 Gy) kullanılmıştır. Gama kaynağı olarak, Sezyum-137 (Ce137) 'den yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmada, sürme hızı (%), sürme gücü (%), ilk yaprak uzunluğu (cm), fide boyu (cm), yaprak sayısı (adet/bitki), koleoptil uzunluğu (cm), fide yaş ve kuru ağırlığı (g/bitki) özellikleri incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, çeşitlerin gama dozlarına farklı tepkiler gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Gama dozlarından incelenen özellikler yönüyle, en az etkilenen çeşit Karma-2000 olurken, en fazla etkilenen çeşit Tatlıcak-97 olmuştur. Çeşitlerin çıkışını ve gelişimini en fazla etkileyen gama dozu 300 Gy olmuştur. Sonuç olarak, tritikalede yeni çeşit elde etmek veya varyasyon yaratmak amacıyla kullanılacak gama dozunun çeşitlere göre değiştiğini, ancak tohum canlılığında bir azalma olmadan uygulanabilecek maksimum dozun 200 Gy olduğu söylenebilir.Öğe Bio-Herbicidal Effects of Oregano and Rosemary Essential Oils on Germination and Seedling Growth of Bread Wheat Cultivars and Weeds(Ars Docendi, 2016) Atak, Mehmet; Mavi, Kazim; Uremis, IlhanAllelopathic effect of essential oils found in Origanum onites L. (Ori) (Turkish oregano) and Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Ros) (Rosemary) was tested on five bread wheat cultivars and two weed species. The essential oils were applied at rate of 0, 2, 4, 8 and 16 mu L / petri dishes to study their effect on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat cultivars and two weed species; AVEST (Avena sterilis) and SINAR (Sinapis arvensis) commonly found in wheat field. Both essential oils of Ori and Ros caused a generally detrimental effect on seed germination rate, seedling shoot length, seedling root length and seedling fresh weight of wheat cultivars. Ori and Ros oils caused 37 to 87% and 10 to 78% germination inhibition on wheat cultivars, respectively. Mean germination time was extended as the concentration of essential oil was increased. For majority of the traits tested in this study, there was significant interaction between essential oil type and wheat cultivars. Both essential oils suppressed germination rate of the tested weeds. Ori caused 97 to 100 % germination inhibition rate on SINAR, and 26.7 to 84.5 % in AVEST. Ros also caused 85 to % 100 germination reductions on SINAR. Wheat cultivars were less affected compared to weed species suggesting that proper doses of these essential oils could be used as a bio herbicide for weed control. The result of the study demonstrated that essential oils of Ori and Ros have allelopathic potential, presenting a risk or advantage to seed germination and seedling growth of winter and alternative wheat cultivars grown in Turkey.Öğe Comparison of Chemical Composition in Lupin (Lupinus spp.) Species(Revista Chimie Srl, 2015) Yilmaz, Saban; Atak, Mehmet; Erayman, MustafaThe aim of this study was to investigate the chemical characteristics of seeds in two cultivated bitter landraces of Lupinus albus and two wild Lupinus angustifolius types in Mediterranean environment (Hatay, southern Turkey). Fat quantity and fatly acid quality were considerably different depending on the genotype. L. albus showed the higher oil content (74.0-85.1 g/kg), saturated fatty acids (16.88-19.3 g/100 g), monounsaturated fatty acids (55.80-57.62 g/100 g) and polyunsaturated fatly acids (24.8-25.5 g/100 g) than did L. angustifolius with oil content of 38.8-46.69 g/kg; saturated fatty acids of 23.40-25.12 8/100 g, monounsaturated fatty acids of 51.48-52.98 g/100 g and polyunsaturated fatty acid of 23.4-23.6 g/100 g. The data obtained suggest L. albus as the most interesting lupin species for aiding the crop-livestock food chain and wild L. angustifolius type as a promising crop due to its high nutritive traits for the Mediterranean environment.Öğe Dark green colored seeds increase the seed vigor and germination ability in dry green pea (Pisum Sativum L.)(2008) Atak, Mehmet; Kaya, Mehmet Demir; Kaya, Gamze; Kaya, Muharrem; Khawar, Khalid MahmoodThree green-seeded dry pea genotypes cvs. 'Rondo', 'Carina' and 'Jof with each genotypes producing a mixture of light (L), medium (M) and dark (D) green seed at maturity were evaluated for their germination behavior and seedling growth for salinity tolerance. Electrical conductivities of NaCl solutions were 0.0, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, or 20.0 dS m-1. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of green pea seed coat color from light to dark green on germination ability and seedling growth under varying salinity conditions. The results revealed that increased salinity levels generally resulted in decreased measurement of all the traits but mean germination time was increased with higher salinity levels. Of the three genotypes, cv. Carina had the highest germination percentage, shoot and root length, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, and the fastest mean germination time. Dark green colored seeds germinated faster than light ones. Additionally, the dark green colored seeds had the highest shoot and root length and fresh weight. The accelerated ageing (AA) and the electrical conductivity (EC) tests showed significant differences in seed vigor of cultivars and green color tones (p<0.01). The results of AA and EC tests confirmed that cv. Carina was superior to the others in terms of seed vigor. Additionally, the dark green seeds of the cultivars showed higher seed vigor than that of light and medium.. Our results suggest that cultivars with dark green colored seeds could be preferred on saline conditions due to their high seed vigor and seedling growth ability.Öğe DARK GREEN COLORED SEEDS INCREASE THE SEED VIGOR AND GERMINATION ABILITY IN DRY GREEN PEA (PISUM SATIVUM L.)(Pakistan Botanical Soc, 2008) Atak, Mehmet; Kaya, Mehmet Demir; Kaya, Gamze; Kaya, Muharrem; Khawar, Khalid MahmoodThree green-seeded dry pea genotypes cvs. 'Rondo', 'Carina' and 'Jof' with each genotypes producing a mixture of light (L), medium (M) and dark (D) green seed at maturity were evaluated for their germination behavior and seedling growth for salinity tolerance. Electrical conductivities of NaCl solutions were 0.0, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, or 20.0 dS m(-1). The objective of this study was to determine the influence of green pea seed coat color from light to dark green on germination ability and seedling growth under varying salinity conditions. The results revealed that increased salinity levels generally resulted in decreased measurement of all the traits but mean germination time was increased with higher salinity levels. Of the three genotypes, cv. Carina had the highest germination percentage, shoot and root length, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, and the fastest mean germination time. Dark green colored seeds germinated faster than light ones. Additionally, the dark green colored seeds had the highest shoot and root length and fresh weight. The accelerated ageing (AA) and the electrical conductivity (EC) tests showed significant differences in seed vigor of cultivars and green color tones (p < 0.01). The results of AA and EC tests confirmed that cv. Carina was superior to the others in terms of seed vigor. Additionally, the dark green seeds of the cultivars showed higher seed vigor than that of light and medium. Our results suggest that cultivars with dark green colored seeds could be preferred on saline conditions due to their high seed vigor and seedling growth ability.Öğe Effect of age on somatic embryogenesis from immature zygotic embryos of 5 Turkish triticale genotypes(Academic Journals, 2008) Atak, Mehmet; Kaya, Muharrem; Khawar, Khalid Mahmood; Saglam, Sevil; Oezcan, Sebahattin; Ciftci, Cemalettin YasarTriticale is an important cereal crop grown throughout the world. The study reports somatic embryogenesis from immature zygotic embryos of 5 Turkish triticale genotypes. The explants were initially cultured on MS medium supplemented with 2 mg dm(-3) 2,4-D, 500 mg dm(-3) glutamine, 100 mg dm(-3) casein hydrolysate, 2% sucrose and 7% agar for two weeks in the dark. The temperature was maintained at 24 +/- 2 degrees C. Thereafter, the developing embryogenic calli were transferred to MS medium without 2,4-D to achieve embryogenesis under light intensity of 30 000 lux in 16 h light 8 h dark photoperiod at 24 +/- 2 degrees C for 2 weeks. The developing somatic embryos were then transferred to MS medium to mature them and obtain plantlets. The highest number of 9.63 somatic embryos per explant were recorded for genotype LAD388 from 14 - 16 days old explants. The experiment clearly established that 14 - 16 days old explants were superior compared to 17 - 19 days old explants in terms of number of somatic embryos per explant. The matured plantlets were acclimatised in the greenhouse on organic matter rich soil mix contained in pots.Öğe EFFECT OF REDUCED AND INCREASED HERBICIDES DOSES ON WEED CONTROL STRATEGIES IN CHICKPEA (CICER ARIETINUM L.)(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2018) Kaya, Muharrem; Sener, Aykut; Karaman, Ruziye; Atak, Mehmet; Kan, AsumanThis study was conducted to determine the effects of 50% reduced and 50% increased doses of some herbicides used in chickpea cultivation on seed yield and mineral content of the seed. Field experiments were established in Isparta province of Turkey during 2016-2017 plant growing season. Experiments were conducted to the completely randomized block design with 3 repetitions. Fourteen different weed control treatments were tested (control (T1), hoeing (T2) suggested doses and 50% reduced / increased doses of herbicides that contain active substances of linuron (T3-T5), aclonifen (T6-T8), pendimethalin (T9-T11) isoxaflutale + cyprosulfamide (T12-T14)), respectively. As plant material, drought and lodging tolerant ILC 195 chickpea cultivar seeds were used. Results showed that chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b content of green part of plants, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, iron, zinc, protein content of seeds, 100 seed weight and seed yield were significantly affected by the herbicides treatments. The highest positive effects on both the seed yield and the chemical composition of the seed were obtained at the dose of 125 ml/ha and 250 ml/ha of isoxaflutale + cyprosulfamide (240 g/l) and at 1500 ml/ha and 3000 ml/ha of pendimethalin herbicide treatments in chick pea cultivation.Öğe Effects of different salt concentrations on the germination properties of Hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz.) cultivars(2018) Ertekin, İbrahim; Yılmaz, Şaban; Atak, Mehmet; Can, ErsinThis research was carried out in the Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops. It was used two Hungarian vetch cultivars (Altinova-2002 and Anadolu Pembesi-2002) and five salt concentrations (unsalted/0, 50 mM, 100 mM, 150 mM, 200 mM) as treatment. In this experiment, it was estimated germination rate (%), germination index and mean germination time (day) by using germination parameters and was also measured root and shoot length (mm) and seedling fresh weight (g). Salt concentrations negatively affected evaluated features for both cultivars in the final of this research. As the salt concentrations increased, all investigated properties except mean germination time were observed to decrease. In terms of germination rate, germination index, root and shoot length and seedling fresh weight between cultivars, Altionva-2002 cultivar gave higher value than Anadolu Pembesi-2002 cultivar. When we examined Cultivar x dose interactions, all properties were most affected adverse in the Anadolu Pembesi x 200 mM interaction This research clearly showed that the cultivation of ungarian vetches of Anadolu Pembesi and Altınova-2002 will be affected in the soil that has been exposed to the problem of salinity.Öğe Effects of NaCl on the germination, seedling growth and water uptake of triticale(2006) Atak, Mehmet; Kaya, Mehmet Demir; Kaya, Gamze; Çıkılı, Yakup; Çiftçi, Cemalettin YaşarTritikale’nin vejetatif gelişimi üzerine tuzluluğun etkileri yönündeki bilgilerin yetersizliği nedeniyle, yeni tescil edilen üç tritikale çeşidinde (Karma-2000, Presto ve Tatlıcak-97) tuza tolerans seviyelerini tespit amacıyla bu çalışma yürütülmüştür. Bununla birlikte, NaCl’nin çimlenme üzerine osmotik ya da toksik etkisi olup olmadığı da belli değildir. Bu araştırmada, tritikale çeşitlerine ait tohumların 2.4, 4.2, 5.9, 7.7, 10.6 ve 13.2 dS $m^{-1}$ elektriksel iletkenliğe sahip tuz streslerindeki çimlenme yüzdeleri, fide yaş ve kuru ağırlıkları ile su alımları belirlenmiştir. Kök ve sürgünlerde $Na^+$ ve $Cl^-$ , tohumlarda $Na^+ , Cl^-$ ve $K^+$ ion alımları analiz edilmiştir. Sonuçlar artan NaCl dozları toplam çimlenme yüzdesinde önemli değişikliğe neden olmadan, ortalama çimlenme zamanını önemli şekilde etkilediğini göstermiştir. Farklı tuz konsantrasyonunda tohumların su alımı oranı değişmemiştir. Artan tuz konsantrasyonlarıyla kök ve sürgündeki $Na^+$ ionlarının konsantrasyonun arttığını, $K^+$ konsantrasyonun azaldığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, çimlenmekte olan tohumlarda $Na^+$ ve $Cl^-$ oranları artarken, $K^+$ oranı azalmıştır. Karma-2000 çeşidinin diğer çeşitlere göre tuza daha toleranslı olduğu görülmüştür. Çimlenmedeki gecikme düşük su alımından çok tohumda biriken aşırı $K^+$ iyonunun etkisinden olduğu fakat toplam çimlenme yüzdesinin değişmediği belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte, NaCl’nin çimlenmeden sonraki gelişme dönemlerinde daha etkili olduğu söylenebilir.Öğe Effects of peg-induced drought stress on germination and seedling performance of bread wheat genotypes(Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi, 2019) Bilgili, Didem; Atak, Mehmet; Mavi, KazımThis study was conducted to determine the response of some bread wheat genotypes to drought stress during germination and seedling growth stages. Two bread wheat cultivars (Karatopak and Sagittoria) and three advanced breeding lines (SERI.1B*2/3KAUZ*2BOW//KAUZ, 89N2090/WERAVER// SW91.4903 and STAR’S’KAUZ’S’s) were used as the seed material. Three different doses of Polyethylene Glycol (Control, -0.6 MPa and -1.2 MPa of PEG-6000) were used to generate drought stress in germination and seedling growth stages of bread wheat. Germination experiments were carried out in petri dishes placed into an incubator with 4 replications in completely randomized factorial design. Seedling emergence experiments were carried out in plastic containers filled with a mixture of sand and peat placed into a growth cabinet with 3 replications in factorial arrangement of CRD. Germination experiments showed that genotype, PEG and genotype x PEG interactions were significant for examined traits except for germination rate. In the seedling experiments, genotype, PEG and genotype x PEG interaction were significant for all parameters, except for mean emergence time. Generally, increased doses of PEG caused remarkable decreases in all examined traits, but increase in mean germination time and mean emergence time. As the PEG doses increased, genotypes responded differently with regard to examined traits in germination and seedling emergence of bread wheat genotypes. It can be concluded that PEG-6000 was useful agent to create drought stress in germination and seedling growth of bread wheat, but greater doses and osmotic potentials lower than -1.2 MPa could be applied to better determine the drought stress tolerance of bread wheat genotypes.Öğe Effects of Peg-Induced Drought Stress on Germination and Seedling Performance of Bread Wheat Genotypes(2019) Bilgil, Didem; Atak, Mehmet; Mavı, KazımThis study was conducted to determine the response of some bread wheatgenotypes to drought stress during germination and seedling growth stages. Twobread wheat cultivars (Karatopak and Sagittoria) and three advanced breeding lines(SERI.1B*2/3KAUZ*2BOW//KAUZ, 89N2090/WERAVER// SW91.4903 andSTAR’S’KAUZ’S’s) were used as the seed material. Three different doses ofPolyethylene Glycol (Control, -0.6 MPa and -1.2 MPa of PEG-6000) were used togenerate drought stress in germination and seedling growth stages of bread wheat.Germination experiments were carried out in petri dishes placed into an incubatorwith 4 replications in completely randomized factorial design. Seedling emergenceexperiments were carried out in plastic containers filled with a mixture of sand andpeat placed into a growth cabinet with 3 replications in factorial arrangement ofCRD. Germination experiments showed that genotype, PEG and genotype x PEGinteractions were significant for examined traits except for germination rate. In theseedling experiments, genotype, PEG and genotype x PEG interaction weresignificant for all parameters, except for mean emergence time. Generally,increased doses of PEG caused remarkable decreases in all examined traits, butincrease in mean germination time and mean emergence time. As the PEG dosesincreased, genotypes responded differently with regard to examined traits ingermination and seedling emergence of bread wheat genotypes. It can be concludedthat PEG-6000 was useful agent to create drought stress in germination andseedling growth of bread wheat, but greater doses and osmotic potentials lower than-1.2 MPa could be applied to better determine the drought stress tolerance of breadwheat genotypes.Öğe Effects of salinity stress on emergence and seedling growth parameters of some maize genotypes (Zea mays L.)(2017) Konuşkan, Ömer; Gözübenli, Hüseyin; Atış, İbrahim; Atak, MehmetMaize is a very important cereal all over the world and generally cultivated in irrigated agricultural areas. Salinity affects adversely maize productivity in these areas. Maize is known as a salt sensitive species. The salt tolerance level identification in the large genetic resources and breeding populations is an important research topic for solving the salinity problem. The effects of NaCl stress on germination and seedling growth of fifteen maize genotypes were investigated in this study. Electrical conductivity (EC) values of the NaCl were settled 0 (distilled water), 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 dS m-1 . This investigation was performed as factorial arrangement of completely randomized design with four replications. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that genotypes, salinity levels and interaction between genotype x salinity were significant for all the investigated treatments emergence index (EI), root dry weight (RDW), shoot dry weight (SDW), root length (RL), shoot length (SL), and salt tolerance indexes (STI). Results also revealed that the highest reduction in emergence index (59.7%) were obtained in the highest level (12 dS m-1 ) of salinity. The results further revealed that the cultivars named DKC 6589, PR31G98, and PR31A34 were the most tolerant genotypes than the others under NaCI stress.Öğe Effects of salt and drought stresses on germination and seedling growth of pea (Pisum sativum L.)(2005) Okçu, Gamze; Kaya, Mehmet Demir; Atak, MehmetSodyum klorür ve PEG 6000 (polyethylene glycole 6000) kullanılarak -2, -4, -6 ve -8 bar su tutma gücüne sahip solüsyonlarda tuz ve kuraklığın üç bezelye çeşidinin (Bolero, Sprinter ve Utrillo) çimlenme ve fide gelişimi üzerine etkileri incelemiştir. Sodyum klorür solüsyonlarının elektriksel iletkenlik (EC) değerleri 4.5, 8.8,12.7 ve 16.3 dS m"'olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada, çimlenme yüzdesi, ortalama çimlenme zamanı, kök ve sürgün uzunluğu, fide yaş ve kuru ağırlıkları incelenmiştir. Araştırmada amaç, tuz ve kuraklık stresleri bakımından bezelye çeşitleri arasındaki farklılık ile tohumların tuzun toksik etkisi veya NaCl tarafından oluşturulan osmotik potansiyel nedeniyle çimlenip çimlenmediğini belirlemektir. Sonuçlar, hem tuz hem de kuraklık stresi bakımından çeşitler arasında farklılık olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Sprinter kurak şartlarda daha iyi sonuçlar vermesine rağmen, Bolero tuz stresine daha toleranslı görünmüştür. Sodyum klorür ve PEG solüsyonları çeşitlerin fide gelişimini engellemiş ancak, NaCl' nin etkisi PEG' den daha az olmuştur. Üç çeşitte de tüm NaCl seviyelerinde çimlenmede önemli bir azalma olmazken, -6 bar PEG solüsyonunda çimlenme düşmüştür. Aynı su tutma gücüne sahip NaCl ve PEG solüsyonlarında çimlenmenin azalması tuzun toksik etkisinden çok oluşturduğu osmotik etkiden kaynaklandığı sonucuna varılabilir.Öğe Effects of seeding rates on competition indices of barley and vetch intercropping systems in the Eastern Mediterranean(2015) Yılmaz, Şaban; Özel, Ali; Atak, Mehmet; Erayman, MustafaForage mixtures are common agricultural practices for the energy and protein needs of animals. In this study, common vetch (Vicia sativa L.), Hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica L.), and barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) mixtures in diferent seeding rates were investigated in terms of forage yield and quality. In order to evaluate the efect of vetch, cereal intercropping and the competition/ economic indices of 8 diferent legume–barley mixtures, along with their pure stands, were assessed during the 2008–2009 and 2009– 2010 growth seasons in the Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey. Te feld experiment was arranged as a randomized complete block design with 3 replications for each year. Intercropping indices were calculated by means of land equivalent ratio (LER), aggressivity (A), crowding ratio (CR), and actual yield loss (AYL). Competition indices revealed that both the common vetch–barley and the Hungarian vetch–barley intercroppings at a seeding ratio of 80%:20%, respectively, were advantageous due to their high yield, land use efciency, and economic value compared to other mixtures or pure stands. All samples were analyzed for quality parameters such as dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fber (NDF), and acid detergent fber (ADF) content. While digestible dry matter (DDM) content did not difer among treatments, CP, NDF, ADF, TDN (total digestible nutrients), DDM, RFV (relative feed value), and NE1 (net energy for lactation) content signifcantly difered among the diferent vetches–barley mixtures (P < 0.01). Te results emphasize that both vetch species combined with barley and using the seeding ratio of 80% vetch:20% barley should be proftable for farmers in terms of implementation and maximum yield per unit area under Eastern Mediterranean conditions.Öğe Effects of seeding rates on yield and some quality traits of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum l.) cultivars(Centenary University, 2020) Ulucan, İbrahim; Atak, MehmetThis study was conducted in Hatay-Reyhanlı conditions during 2017-2018 plant growing season to determine the effect of seeding rate effect on the yield and some quality characteristics of bread wheat cultivars. Six bread wheat cultivars (Karatopak, Seri-2013, Osmaniyem, Yakamoz, Sagittario and Masaccio) and three seeding rates (450, 550 and 650 seeds m-2) were tested. The experimental design was split plot arranged completely randomized block design with three replications. Seeding rates was settled in main plots and cultivars were settled in sub plots. Heading date, plant height, spikelet number, kernel number per spike, fertile tiller number, grain yield, thousand kernel weight, protein ratio, wet gluten ratio and sedimentation values were investigated. Seeding rates x cultivar interaction was significant in terms of heading dates, grain yield, and protein ratio. Cultivars were significant in terms of heading date, kernel number per spike, kernel weight per spike, grain yield, protein ratio, wet gluten ratio and sedimentation value. As the seeding rates increased the duration of the heading period was shortened, fertile tiller number and protein ration were decreased. In terms of seeding rates the highest grain yield of 5592 kg ha-1 was obtained from seeding rate of 550 seed m2, followed by 650 seed m-2 with 5200 kg ha-1 and 450 seed m-2 with 5194 kg ha-1. In terms of cultivars, mean grain yield varied between 6526 kg ha-1 (Yakamoz) 4567 kg ha-1 (Karatopak). Our results showed that seeding rates was an effective environmental factor affecting yields and quality of bread wheat cultivars at varying rates. © 2020, Centenary University. All rights reserved.Öğe Ekim sıklığının buğday (Triticum sp.) genotiplerinin verim ve bazı kalite özelliklerine etkisi(2021) Atak, Mehmet; Kısa, Özlem; Atış, İbrahimAmaç: Bu araştırma, ekim sıklığının buğdaygenotiplerinde verim ve bazı kalite özelliklerine etkisinibelirlemek amacıyla Hatay ekolojik koşullarındayürütülmüştür. Denemede, altı adet buğday genotipi(Fırat-93, Fransız, Gediz-75, Havrani, Karakılçık veMasaccio) ve üç ekim sıklığı (450, 550 ve 650 tohum m-2)kullanılarak test edilmiştir.Yöntem ve Bulgular: Denemeler, Tesadüf BloklarıBölünmüş Parseller Deneme Deseninde 3 tekerrürlüolarak kurulmuş olup, ana parsellere ekim sıklıkları ve altparsellere ise genotipler yerleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada;başaklanma süresi, bitki boyu, başak uzunluğu, başaktatane sayısı, başak tane ağırlığı, tane verimi, bin taneağırlığı, hektolitre ağırlığı, protein oranı ve kuru glutenoranı özellikleri incelenmiştir.Genel Yorum: İki yıllık ortalama değerlere göre;başaklanma süresi, başakta tane sayısı, bin tane ağırlığıve hektolitre ağırlığı yönünden ekim sıklıkları arasındakifarklılıklar önemli bulunmuştur. Genotipler, incelenentüm özellikler yönüyle önemli çıkmıştır. Ekim sıklığı xgenotip interaksiyonu ise başaklanma süresi, başaktatane ağırlığı, bin tane ağırlığı, hektolitre ağırlığı ve taneverimi için önemli olmuştur. Genotipler yönünden taneverimleri 491.3 kg-1(Fransız) – 637.0 (Gediz-75) kg-1arasında değişim göstermiştir.Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Sonuçlar, ekim sıklığınınbuğday genotiplerinde verim ve kalite üzerinegenotiplere göre değişen oranlarda etkili bir kültürelfaktör olduğunu ortaya çıkarmıştır. Köy (yerel)çeşitlerinin verimlerinin modern çeşitlere göre dahadüşük olsa da kalite özelikleri yönüyle aynı veya dahaüstün değerlere sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu nedenleyerel çeşitler korunmalı ve yetiştirme teknikleriyle ilgiliçalışmalar devam ettirilmelidir.Öğe Genome-wide fungal stress responsive miRNA expression in wheat(Springer, 2014) Inal, Behcet; Turktas, Mine; Eren, Hakan; Ilhan, Emre; Okay, Sezer; Atak, Mehmet; Erayman, MustafaMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding class of RNAs. They were identified in many plants with their diverse regulatory roles in several cellular and metabolic processes. A number of miRNAs were involved in biotic and abiotic stress responses. Here, fungal stress responsive wheat miRNAs were analyzed by using miRNA-microarray strategy. Two different fungi (Fusarium culmorum and Bipolaris sorokiniana) were inoculated on resistant and sensitive wheat cultivars. A total of 87 differentially regulated miRNAs were detected in the 8 x 15 K array including all of the available plant miRNAs. Using bioinformatics tools, the target transcripts of responsive miRNAs were predicted, and related biological processes and mechanisms were assessed. A number of the miRNAs such as miR2592s, miR869.1, miR169b were highly differentially regulated showing more than 200-fold change upon fungal-inoculation. Some of the miRNAs were identified as fungal-inoculation responsive for the first time. The analyses showed that some of the differentially regulated miRNAs targeted resistance-related genes such as LRR, glucuronosyl transferase, peroxidase and Pto kinase. The comparison of the two miRNA-microarray analyses indicated that fungal-responsive wheat miRNAs were differentially regulated in pathogen- and cultivar-specific manners.Öğe Identification of advantages of maize-legume intercropping over solitary cropping through competition indices in the east mediterranean region(2008) Yılmaz, Şaban; Atak, Mehmet; Eryaman, MustafaAlternate planting combinations of maize {Zea mays L.) with common bean {Phaseolus vulgaris L.) or cowpea (Vigna sinensis L.) were compared with the solitary planting of each crop during 2003 and 2004 under the East Mediterranean conditions in Turkey. The experiment comprised 15 treatments; sole planting of maize (71,500 plant ha"1), sole planting of common bean (285,750 plant ha"1) and cowpea (285,750 plant ha"1), and 2 different planting patterns (1- and 2-row plantings) with 6 maizelegumes intercropping series, 50:50, 67:50, and 100:50, respectively, using randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Evaluation of the planting patterns was performed on basis of several intercropping indices such as land equivalent ratio (LER), relative crowding coefficient (K), aggressivity (A), aggressivity ratio (CR), actual yield loss (AYL), monetary advantage index (MAI), and intercropping index (IA). Competition indices revealed that, compared to solitary planting, the maize-cowpea and maize-common bean intercropping, regardless of planting patterns, at the mix proportions of 67:50 plant density had advantages due to its better yield, land use efficiency, and economics. Methods used in this study should be easily implemented especially by small scale farms in the East Mediterranean region.Öğe IDENTIFICATION OF SSR AND EST MARKERS ASSOCIATED WITH WATERLOGGING TOLERANCE IN BREAD WHEAT(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2015) Atak, Mehmet; Ilhan, Emre; Erayman, Mustafa; Dilbirligi, Muharrem; Eren, Abdil Hakan; Arslan, Mehmet; Celiktas, NafizCrop production is significantly limited by waterlogging especially in high rainfall and poorly drained regions in the world. Hence, breeding for waterlogging tolerance to increase production is one of the main objectives of breeders. Similar to other abiotic stress tolerances, the tolerance to waterlogging is a complex trait and difficult to select for in breeding programs. Marker assisted selection has been an effective method for crop improvement by utilizing markers closely related to target traits combined with accurate phenotyping of key factors. In the present study, two bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) F-2:3 populations ('Dogankent' x 'Ducula-4' and 'Ducula-1' x 'Seri-82') derived from susceptible cultivars ('Dogankent' and 'Seri-82') and tolerant ('Ducula-1' and 'Ducula-4') lines were treated with four weeks of waterlogging and screened in two different locations. Additionally, 32 expressed sequence tags and 210 microsatellite markers were screened for analysis of marker trait associations; of which less than %20 (45) of those markers were polymorphic between parents of both populations. Tolerance, yield and quality related traits including plant height index, tillering index, adventitious root formation, heading date, tolerance scoring index, total kernel number and thousand kernel weight were identified to be mostly affected by environment. Marker - trait analyses identified markers significantly associated with waterlogging tolerance as well as yield and quality component traits. In the 'Dogankent' x `Ducula-4' derived population, two markers explaining more than 10% of the total variance for adventitious root formation and thousand kernel weight were detected both on chromosomes 3DL (Xgwm645) and 4AL (Xgwm160). This is one of the first studies revealing markers linked to the tolerance related traits in spring wheat under waterlogging conditions.
