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Öğe Goniometric Measurements of the Angular Values of the Joints in the Fore- and Hind limbs of Kangal Dogs(Israel Veterinary Medical Assoc, 2011) Ates, S.; Hallaceli, C.; Hallaceli, H.; Kurtul, I'This study determined angular values of the joints of Kangal dogs for the fore- and hindlimbs using the technique of goniometry for comparison between the sexes. Fourteen female and 14 male dogs were used to document the angular range of motion (ROM) of the joints, and 10 female and 8 male dogs were used to measure zero positions. The mean angular values of zero position in the female dogs were 59.2 degrees +/- 4.16 degrees, 32 degrees +/- 2.66 degrees, 20.3 degrees +/- 1.06 degrees, 69.8 degrees +/- 5.20 degrees, 42.6 degrees +/- 2.56 degrees, and 26.1 degrees +/- 3.05 degrees in the shoulder, elbow, carpal, hip, stifle, and tarsal joints, respectively. Likewise, the data in the male dogs were 45.87 degrees +/- 4.22 degrees, 34.12 degrees +/- 3.28 degrees, 18 degrees +/- 0.92 degrees, 62.12 degrees +/- 3.37 degrees, 39.12 degrees +/- 3.76 degrees, and 26.75 degrees +/- 2.7 degrees, respectively. There were no statistical differences between the sexes for the angular values at zero position of all the joints except the shoulder. Similarly, the mean ROM values were 105.69 degrees +/- 3.83 degrees, 123.28 degrees +/- 2.63 degrees, 141.28 degrees +/- 3.95 degrees, 103.28 degrees +/- 3.69 degrees, 118.57 degrees +/- 3.26 degrees, and 108.21 degrees +/- 6.18 degrees in the female, and were 106.07 degrees +/- 4.80 degrees, 121.27 degrees +/- 2.35 degrees, 133 degrees +/- 3.76 degrees, 98.1 degrees +/- 2.47 degrees, 118.23 degrees +/- 3.29 degrees, and 110.92 degrees +/- 4.77 degrees respectively in the male dogs. As far as the gender was concerned, the mean ROM values between the sexes were found to be statistically insignificant. The findings have revealed that the angular values of the joints at natural anatomical posture and their passive ranges of motion are lower than those of the dog breeds examined by the literature, suggesting that Kangal dog does not seem to be in the range for the race dog category.Öğe Goniometric measurements of the angular values of the joints in the fore- and hindlimbs of Kangal dogs(2011) Ates, S.; Hallaceli, C.; Hallaceli, H.; Kürtül, I.Tis study determined angular values of the joints of Kangal dogs for the fore- and hindlimbs using the technique of goniometry for comparison between the sexes. Fourteen female and 14 male dogs were used to document the angular range of motion (ROM) of the joints, and 10 female and 8 male dogs were used to measure zero positions. Te mean angular values of zero position in the female dogs were 59.2° ± 4.16°, 32° ± 2.66°, 20.3° ± 1.06°, 69.8° ± 5.20°, 42.6° ± 2.56°, and 26.1° ± 3.05° in the shoulder, elbow, carpal, hip, stife, and tarsal joints, respectively. Likewise, the data in the male dogs were 45.87° ± 4.22°, 34.12° ± 3.28°, 18° ± 0.92°, 62.12° ± 3.37°, 39.12° ± 3.76°, and 26.75° ± 2.7°, respectively. Tere were no statistical differences between the sexes for the angular values at zero position of all the joints except the shoulder. Similarly, the mean ROM values were 105.69° ± 3.83°, 123.28° ± 2.63°, 141.28° ± 3.95°, 103.28° ± 3.69°, 118.57° ± 3.26°, and 108.21° ± 6.18° in the female, and were 106.07° ± 4.80°, 121.27° ± 2.35°, 133° ± 3.76°, 98.1° ± 2.47°, 118.23° ± 3.29°, and 110.92° ± 4.77° respectively in the male dogs. As far as the gender was concerned, the mean ROM values between the sexes were found to be statistically insignifcant. Te fndings have revealed that the angular values of the joints at natural anatomical posture and their passive ranges of motion are lower than those of the dog breeds examined by the literature, suggesting that Kangal dog does not seem to be in the range for the race dog category.Öğe Morphology of the atrioventricular valves and related intraventricular structures in the wild pig (Sus scrofa)(Via Medica, 2017) Ates, S.; Karakurum, E.; Takci, L.; Basak, F.; Kurtul, I.Morphology of the atrioventricular valves and the intraventricular related structures of 7 hearts of the wild pigs (Sus scrota) were observed by applying macroscopic and microscopic techniques and the findings were compared broadly to the literature. In all hearts examined, the tricuspid and mitral valves were normal and composed of 3 and 2 cusps, respectively. The papillary muscles observed in mammalian heart in general were found in both the ventricles; additionally, there were small unnamed papillary muscles in the left ventricle of the three samples. The sept marginal trabecula and false chords were present in the right ventricles, microscopically possessing myocardial fibres, connective tissue and Purkinje cells; while the false chords were located in all the left ventricles, but the sept marginal trabecula was found in the 3 samples only. Both the connective tissue and Purkinje cells were present in these two structures, but the myocardial fibres were not. Presence of the myocardial fibres in the right ventricle may have an effect on the ventricle geometry.Öğe Origin, Course and Distribution of the Hypoglossal Nerve in the New Zealand Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus L)(Wiley-Blackwell, 2011) Ates, S.; Karakurum, E.; Dursun, N.This study aimed at revealing the origin, course and distribution of the hypoglossal nerve in 20 adult male New Zealand rabbits. In all the animals dissected, the hypoglossal nerve arose from the ventrolateral side of the medulla oblongata with two main roots and gave off a descending branch to the ansa cervicalis before reaching the division of the common carotid artery. This branch was not seen on the right side of only one case. At the lateral aspect of the hyoglossus muscle, the nerve then divided into the lateral and medial main branches, sent branches to the styloglossus, hyoglossus, genioglossus and geniohyoideus muscles and terminated in the intrinsic tongue muscles. A communicating branch was observed between the hypoglossal and accessory nerves in the right side of one animal and between the hypoglossal nerve and the ganglion nodosum in the right retropharyngeal area of another animal. An additional branch was observed innervating the stylohyoideus muscle in one animal only. A lateral lingual-hypoglossal communication was also seen between the lateral branch of the hypoglossal nerve and terminal branches of the lingual nerve.Öğe Protective effects of thymoquinone on vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats(Sage Publications Ltd, 2012) Basarslan, F.; Yilmaz, N.; Ates, S.; Ozgur, T.; Tutanc, M.; Motor, V. K.; Arica, V.Aim: Oxidative stress has been implicated as a potential responsible mechanism in the pathogenesis of vancomycin (VCM)-induced renal toxicity. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the protective effect of thymoquinone (TQ) against VCM-induced nephrotoxicity by tissue oxidant/antioxidant parameters and histological changes in rats. Materials and methods: Wistar albino rats were randomly separated into four groups consisting of seven rats per group. The groups had normal saline (control group), VCM, VCM and TQ and TQ, respectively. VCM was injected intraperitoneally at a dose of 200 mg/kg and continued at 12-h intervals for 7 days. TQ was injected intraperitoneally at a dose of 10 mg/kg and continued at 24 h intervals for 8 days. Animals were killed and blood samples were analyzed for the levels of serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr). Kidney specimens were analyzed for levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) as well as for histopathological changes. Results: We found that the levels of serum BUN, Cr and kidney tissue MDA were increased in the VCM group. Activities of SOD and GSH-Px in kidney tissue were decreased. TQ administration ameliorated significantly these changes. Conclusion: These results indicate that the TQ produces a protective mechanism against VCM-induced nephrotoxicity and suggest a role of oxidative stress in pathogenesis.
