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Öğe A New Approach for Determining the Spatial Risk Levels for Visceral and Cutaneous Leishmaniasis related with the Distribution of Vector Species in Western Part of Turkey using Geographical Information Systems and Remote Sensing(Kafkas Univ, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2012) Olgen, M. Kirami; Ozbel, Yusuf; Balcioglu, I. Cuneyt; Demir, Samiye; Simsek, Fatih; Toz, Seray Ozensoy; Ertabaklar, HaticeLeishmaniases are present in two clinical forms, as visceral and cutaneous, in Turkey showing a tendency of spreading throughout the country. The aim of the present study was to produce a new model for determining the spatial risk levels using the data in a selected study site in the western part of Turkey. The results of entomological studies in this leishmaniasis focus indicated the presence of suspected vector species Phlebotomus (Larroussius) tobbi and P (Larroussius) neglectus for the visceral, P (Paraphlebotomus) similis for cutaneous forms of the disease. The new risk model was developed based on univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses of geographical variables as altitude, aspect, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) and Land Surface Temperature (LST) values related to the distribution of these three species. The results of the new model were used to produce the risk maps and the potential distribution areas of the incriminated vector species with the use of geographical technologies which allowed the identification of the leishmaniasis risk levels that may provide useful information to guide the control program interventions.Öğe Spatial distribution of phlebotomine sand flies in the Aydin Mountains and surroundings: the main focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in western Turkey(Soc Vector Ecology, 2011) Ozbel, Yusuf; Balcioglu, I. Cuneyt; Olgen, M. Kirami; Simsek, Fatih M.; Toz, Seray Ozensoy; Ertabaklar, Hatice; Demir, SamiyeAn entomological survey was conducted to determine the spatial distribution of phlebotomine fauna and understand the effect of environmental factors. The entomological survey was carried out during 2006-2007 in a study area in the rural area of Aydin province, near the Kusadasi town where VL, CL, and canine leishmaniasis (CanL) are endemic. In 2006 and 2007, 132 locations were sampled using sticky traps mainly on embankments. Detailed environmental and meteorological information was also collected for each location. The results of entomological studies indicated that the probable vectors are Phlebotomus tobbi and P. neglectus for VL and CanL, and P. similis for CL in this western leishmaniasis focus. The data revealed a correlation between their presence and spatial variables such as altitude, sampling site location, and humidity. The distribution areas of probable vector species in this study area allowed the identification of risk levels, which may provide useful information to guide the leishmaniasis research in endemic regions.