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Öğe The effect of zinc fertilization and cow dung on sterility and quantitative traits of rice(TathQeef Scientific Publishing, 2021) Islam, Mohammad Sohidul; Khatun, Mst. Khaleda; Hafeez, A. S. M. Golam; Chowdhury, M. Kaium; Konuşkan, Ömer; Barutcular, Celaleddin; Erman, MuratThe grain yield of rice is far below from its potential yield due low organic matter and micronutrients in the soil. Application of cow dung and zinc fertilizer increases grain yield and quality. A field experiment was, therefore, conducted to evaluate the effect of zinc fertilization and well decomposed cow dung on the spikelet sterility, yield, zinc concentration in grains and plants of aromatic rice (cv. Tulshimala). In this experiment, two levels of well decomposed cowd ung (CD) of 0, 10 tha-1, and four doses of zinc fertilization viz. 0, 2.16, 4.32, 6.48 kg ha-1 of zinc were used following eight treatment combinations. The experiment was laid out in a factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) with replication thrice. The data revealed that zinc fertilization remarkably increased the grain yield of Tulshimala by reducing the spikelet sterility percentages in both conditions of CD and the efficiency of zinc fertilization was superior in manuring (CD) condition to non-manuring condition. However, zinc fertilization at the rate of 4.32 kg ha-1 of zinc produced the maximum grain yields under manuring and non-manuring conditions. Zinc fertilization increased the concentration of Zn in the rice plants and grains without and with CD. The strong linear relationship between the grain yield and zinc concentration in the rice plants and grains was found with in this study. Zinc fertilization increased the grain yield and quality by decreasing sterility percentage under CD. Hence, for increasing productivity towards food security in future generation, integrated use organic and inorganic fertilizers should be used. © The authors.Öğe EVALUATION OF MAIZE HYBRIDS TO TERMINAL DROUGHT STRESS TOLERANCE BY DEFINING DROUGHT INDICES(Journal Experimental Biology & Agricultural Sciences, 2016) Barutcular, Celaleddin; El Sabagh, Ayman; Konuskan, Omer; Saneoka, Hirofumi; Yoldash, Khair MohammadTerminal drought stress is one of the most important environmental stress factors which can cause a significant reduction in maize productivity. Therefore, to identify the best selection indices for drought tolerance in maize under terminal drought conditions, this research was conducted in two field experiments with some maize hybrids in two cropping seasons (2014 and 2015) under two moisture levels (normal irrigation and water deficit-water stress) at grain filling stage. Results of study revealed that, yield and major yield traits of hybrids adversely affected due to terminal drought stress, it also causing a reduction in productivity with compare normal irrigation conditions. Water stress significantly affected on maize hybrids and there were high variation among hybrids, which could be befits for screening the genotypes. The special attention was paid to hybrids 71May69, Aaccel and Calgary were showed less reduction of grain yield under terminal drought stress. Concerning the genotypes with high stress susceptibility index (SSI) and tolerance index (TOL) were considered as high susceptible to drought and only suitable for irrigated conditions. Accordingly, the positive relationship between stress indices, drought resistance index (DRI), geometric mean productivity (GMP), harmonic mean (HM), mean production (MP), stress tolerance index (STI) and Yield index (YI), and grain yield could be used as the best selection indices for identifying the tolerant hybrids under terminal drought stress.Öğe Interactive Effects of Elevated CO2 and Climate Change on Wheat Production in the Mediterranean Region(Springer International Publishing Ag, 2019) Kapur, Burcak; Aydin, Mehmet; Yano, Tomohisa; Koc, Mujde; Barutcular, CelaleddinGlobal climate change could be harmful to agriculture. In particular, water availability and irrigation development under changed climatic conditions already pose a growing problem for crop production in the Mediterranean region. Wheat is the major significant crop in terms of food security. Therefore, in relation to these issues, this review gives an overview of climate change effects on wheat production in the Mediterranean environment of Turkey. Future climate data generated by a general circulation model (e.g., CGCM2) and regional climate models (e.g., RCM/MRI, CCSR-NIES and TERCH-RAMS) have been used to quantify the wheat growth and the soil-water-balance around the Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey. The effects of climate change on the water demand and yield of wheat were predicted using the detailed crop growth subroutine of the SWAP (Soil-Water-Atmosphere-Plant). The Soil evaporation was estimated using the E-DiGOR (Evaporation and Drainage investigations at Ground of Ordinary Rainfed-areas) model. This review revealed that the changes in climatic conditions and CO2 concentration have caused parallel changes in the wheat yield. A close correspondence between measured and simulated yield data was obtained. The grain yield increased by about 24.7% (measured) and 21.9% (modelled) under a two-fold CO2 concentration and the current climatic conditions. However, this increase in the yield was counteracted by a temperature rise of 3 degrees C. Wheat biomass decreases under the future climatic conditions and the enhanced CO2 concentration, regardless of the model used. Without CO2 effects, grain yield also decreases for all the models. By contrast, the combined impact of elevated CO2 and increased temperature on grain yield of wheat was positive, but varied with the climatic models. Among the models, the CCSR-NIES and TERCH-RAMS denote the highest (24.9%) and lowest (6.3%) increases in grain yield respectively. The duration of the regular crop-growing season for wheat was 24, 21, and 27 days shorter as calculated for the future, mainly caused by the projected air temperature rise of 2.2, 2.4, and 3 degrees C for a growing period by the 2070s for CGCM2, CCSR-NIES and TERCH-RAMS respectively. The experimental results show large increases in the water use efficiency of wheat, due to the increases in CO2 concentration and air temperature. Despite the increased evaporative demand of the atmosphere, the increases in water use efficiency can be attributed to the shorter growing days and a reduction in the transpiration due to stomata closure. Unlike reference evapotranspiration and potential soil evaporation, actual evaporation from bare soils was estimated to reduce by 16.5% in response to a decrease in rainfall and consequently soil wetness in the future, regardless of the increases in the evaporative demand. It can be concluded that to maintain wheat production in the future, the water stress must be managed by proper irrigation management techniques.Öğe PLANTING DENSITIES IMPART VARIANCE IMPACT ON KERNEL PROPERTIES AND SOME QUALITY PARAMETERS IN SOME MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.) HYBRIDS(Pakistan Botanical Soc, 2022) Konuskan, Omer; Konuskan, Dilsat Bozdogan; Barutcular, Celaleddin; Turan, Nizamettin; Elsabagh, AymanClimate change scenario has revitalized necessity to optimize agronomic management practices for boosting cereals productivity and nutritional quality. To observe the growth and quality attribute of maize hybrids under various planting densities and in order to sort out the most suitable plant population, a field experiment was conducted at the Research Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Mustafa Kemal University during 2018. Six maize hybrids viz. DKC 6589, Carella, Pioneer 1921, 70 May 82, Cadiz and Bolson were grown using five planting densities (9, 10, 11, 12, and 13 plants m2). The experiment was laid out in split plot arrangement with three replications. Maize hybrids and planting densitides were placed in main plots and sub plots, respectively. Growth characteristics like ear length, weight and diameter, and quality trauts like protein, stach and oil content in grains were determined as response variables. The results revealed that increasing plant densities gradually reduced the growth paramters including ear length, weight and diamter. While, quality traits such as starch and oil contents of basal, middle and tip kernels were increased with the increase in plant densities, but the protein ratio was decreased. The genotypes mean values indicated that 70 May 82 and Carella remained superior for ear length, weight and ear dimater respectively. In contrast, Pioneer 1921 and Bolson outformed other hybrids as far as starch and oil contents were concerned.Öğe Possible heat-tolerant wheat cultivar improvement through the use of flag leaf gas exchange traits in a Mediterranean environment(Wiley, 2008) Koc, Muejde; Barutcular, Celaleddin; Tiryakioglu, MuratBACKGROUND: Flag leaf traits arc associated with performance of wheat (Ttiticum aestivum L.) genotypes in heat-stress environments. Fifteen cultivars were evaluated during 3 years with two sowing dates under irrigated conditions so as to examine the relationship between the flag leaf traits and performance in a Mediterranean environment. RESULTS: It became possible to assess a heat susceptibility index (HSI) for each cultivar by altering the sowing date, exposing the crops to different temperatures. The cultivars showed significant differences for all measured traits except canopy temperatures and chlorophyll fluorescence, though not all were consistent. Excluding two cultivars that differed in development, yield, grain number, harvest index and leaf A(n) (net CO2 assimilation rate), g(s) (stomatal conductance to water vapor), m(c) (apparent mesophyll conductance of CO2) and ash content were negatively associated with HSI, whereas leaf area and width were positively associated. Traits showing the best correlation with HSI were A(n), followed by area, g(s), m(c), width and ash content. High A(n) was associated with smaller leaf size. CONCLUSION: It is worthwhile to select high car grain number and harvest index. In addition, flag leaf gas exchange traits and ash content can be used as complementary selection criteria after the possible pleiotropic associations of these traits with leaf size are clarified. (c) 2008 Society of Chemical Industry.Öğe Sustainable crop production to ensuring food security under climate change: A Mediterranean perspective(Southern Cross Publishing, 2020) Hossain, Akbar; EL Sabagh, Ayman; Barutcular, Celaleddin; Bhatt, Rajan; Çiğ, Fatih; Seydoşoğlu, Seyithan; Turan, NizamettinThe global population is predicted to expand to 9.1 billion by 2050. Countries around the Mediterranean Sea are predicted to achieve a combined population of 529 million by 2025. The current major challenge confronting sustainable agriculture in the Mediterranean region is climate change which has directly affected the extent and frequency of rain events, floods, and droughts, which in turn has influenced land and water productivity and farmers' livelihoods. The present review highlights the major consequences of climate change for sustainable crop production in the Mediterranean region and evaluates different mitigation strategies for improving agricultural land productivity and water use efficiency along with their impact on farmers' livelihoods. © 2020 Southern Cross Publishing.
