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    The effect of Mediterranean thyme (Thymbra spicata L. var. spicata) essential oil on fattening performance and ruminal parameters in lamb
    (Kielanowski Inst Animal Physiology Nutrition, 2017) Baytok, E.; Kara, K.; Aksu, T.; Guclu, B. K.; Ozkaya, S.; Denek, N.; Kamalak, A.
    The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of Thymbra spicata L. var. spicata (TS) essential oil (10 or 15 mu l . kg(-1) live weight (LW)) on growth performance (LW, LW gain, feed intake) and rumen parameters (volatile fatty acids (VFA)) and ammonia levels, and pH) in lambs. The experiment lasted 56 days, including 14 days of adaptation and 42 of experimental period. The TS essential oil was extracted from the leaves harvested at the beginning of plant flowering and contained: 66.86% carvacrol, 12.18% p-cymene, 10.73%.-terpinene and 2.77% thymol. The addition of TS essential oil to concentrate feed did not affect final LW, LW gain, feed intake or feed conversion ratio (P > 0.05). Molar concentrations (mmol . l(-1)) of total VFA and acetic (A), butyric (B) and propionic (P) acids, and levels of pH and ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) in rumen fluid were also not affected by TS essential oil inclusion (P > 0.05). However, the proportion of A and (A+B): P ratio in rumen fluid VFA increased linearly (P < 0.01) with increasing TS essential oil doses, whereas the P proportion decreased linearly (P = 0.008). So, it could be suggested that TS essential oil enhanced the concentration of selected VFA in rumen fluid through a positive effect on feed digestion in the rumen. In particular, the linear increase in A and (A+ B): P ratio could have enhanced fibrolytic effect in the rumen ecosystem. It was concluded that different doses and longer terms of use of TS essential oil should be further investigated in in vivo studies.
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    Öğe
    The response of broilers to dietary organic acid mixture
    (Indian Veterinary Journal, 2007) Aksu, T.; Ates, C. T.; Erdogan, Z.; Baytok, E.
    Organic acids are an alternative to antibiotic to be used exclusively as a growth stimulant and for improvement of the feed conversion rate in farm animals (Esteive et al., 1997). Organic acids reduce production of toxic components by bacteria and change the morphology of the intestinal wall and reduce colonization of pathogens on the intestinal wall, thus preventing damage of the epithelial cells (Langhout, 2000). The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of supplementation of different levels of organic acid mixture on broiler performance, carcass characteristics and meat composition.