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Öğe Effects of age and body region on wool characteristics of Merino sheep crossbreds in Turkey(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2022) Behrem, Sedat; Gul, SabriAim of this study was to comparatively investigate the wool characteristics of Central Anatolian Merino, Karacabey Merino and Ramlic sheep, which are common crossbred sheep breeds in Turkey. A total of 360 wool samples were equally collected from the shoulder, rib, and rump of each lamb (3-6 months-age), yearlings (1-1.5-year age), primiparous ewes (2-2.5-year age) and multiparous ewes (3-3.5-year age) were used for analysis. Each sample was analyzed to determine fibre diameter, length, clean fleece yield, elasticity, and strength. Also, live weight after shearing and greasy fleece weights were recorded for each animal. Statistical analysis of this study was performed using SPSS software. Normality hypothesis tested using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Homogeneity of the variance for each trait was tested with the Levene's test. Descriptive statistics of the traits were given as mean +/- standard error. Observed means for greasy fleece weight were 3.6 +/- 0.09 kg, 2.5 +/- 0.09 kg, and 2.2 +/- 0.08 kg for Karacabey Merino, Central Anatolian Merino and Ramlic sheep, respectively. Average diameter, length, clean fleece yield, elasticity, and strength measurements of Karacabey Merino were 23.9 +/- 0.11 mu, 59.2 +/- 0.64 mm, 56.2 +/- 0.35%, 20.2 +/- 0.23 cN / tex, and 12.6 +/- 0.09 cN / tex, whereas 24.7 +/- 0.12 mu, 50.6 +/- 0.71 mm, 55.2 +/- 0.60%, 21.6 +/- 0.23 cN / tex, 13.8 +/- 0.14 cN / tex in Central Anatolian Merino and 24.1 +/- 0.12 mu, 53.2 +/- 1.05 mm, 62.9 +/- 0.53%, 22.3 +/- 0.26 cN / tex, 13.4 +/- 0.12 cN / tex were observed in Ramlic sheep, respectively. This study suggests that observed wool characteristics for each of three crossbreds were within the standard range of the textile industry. Therefore, all three crossbreds were suggested to be considered for the development of new agricultural policies and increasing breeder's awareness to reintroduce these crossbreds in the textile industry.Öğe Effects of Age, Body Region and Mineral Contents on the Fleece Characteristics of Central Anatolian Merino Sheep(E.U. Printing And Publishing House, 2022) Behrem, Sedat; Keskin, Mahmut; Gul, Sabri; Unay, Engin; Erisek, AbdulkadirThe fibre characteristics of fleece determine its fate through the textile industry. Parameters such as diameter, length, elasticity and strength define the functional quality of fleece. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate effects of different environmental factors as well as wool mineral contents on fleece fibre quality traits in Central Anatolian Merino sheep (CAM). Additionally, the mineral contents of CAM fleece were investigated. For this purpose, 300 samples were equally collected from 3 different body regions (shoulder, rib and rump) of 100 animals from five different age groups. Samples were analysed for fibre quality (diameter, length, elasticity and strength) traits and mineral contents (calcium, iron, potassium, magnesium, copper, manganese and zinc). A wide range of statistical relationships were found among the focused traits and those factors. The findings of this study highlight the importance of minerals as well as environmental factors on fleece qualityparameters.Öğe Heritability and environmental influence on pre-weaning traits in Kilis goats(Springer, 2023) Gul, Sabri; Arzik, Yunus; Kizilaslan, Mehmet; Behrem, Sedat; Keskin, MahmutBirth and weaning weights, average daily weight gain, and Kleiber ratio are important indicator traits in selection decision. The phenotypic expression of these traits is determined by the genetic background, environmental effects, and their interactions. The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters regarding birth (BW) and weaning weights (WW) and average daily weight gain (ADWG), Kleiber ratio (KR), and obtain the effects of sex, birth type, herd, and year. The data consisted of 2274 Kilis goats with pedigree information obtained from 53 bucks and 774 does in 4 generations. The restricted maximum likelihood (REML) procedure was conducted with an animal linear mixed model. Sex, birth type, herd, and year were found to be statistically significant (p value < 0.001) for all traits. Moderate direct heritabilities (h(a)(2)) for BW, WW, ADW, and KR were found to be as 0.18 +/- 0.03, 0.50 +/- 0.04, 0.47 +/- 0.04, and 0.37 +/- 0.05, respectively. The proportion of maternal permanent environmental effect (c(2)) to the total phenotypic variance (sigma(2)(p)) was estimated as 0.00 +/- 0.00, 0.12 +/- 0.02, 0.11 +/- 0.02, and 0.18 +/- 0.03 for BW, WW, ADWG, and KR, respectively. The genetic, phenotypic, and environmental correlations between the pre-weaning growth traits were found to be ranging from - 0.02 to 0.99. Thus, our study suggests moderate heritabilities and positive and relatively high genetic correlations among the observed pre-weaning growth traits. These results have implications in terms of providing rapid genetic progress for these traits in breeding programs of Kilis goats.Öğe Investigation of Structural Characteristics of Central Anatolian Merino Sheep Farms and Effectiveness of the Breeding Project in Ankara Province(2023) Zengin, Yusuf; Behrem, Sedat; Doğdaş, Simge Tütenk; Gül, SabriThe aim of this study is to determine the general characteristics and management and feeding practices of 33 Central Anatolian Merino sheep farms in Ankara within the scope of the \"National Project for Community-based Small Ruminant Breeding\" coordinated by General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies. Within the scope of this purpose, a survey consisting of a total of 78 questions was conducted with the farmers. The questionnaire consists of questions about general information about the farmers and farms, herd management, determination of the care and feeding methods of the animals and the effectiveness of the breeding project. At the end of the study, it was determined that 60% of the breeders were between the ages of 41-50, 90.91% of them were primary and secondary school graduates, and all of them kept regular records for herd management. Sheep breeders interviewed that they do supplemental feeding (approximately 34%) before mating and that they are milking by hand. Sheep breeders stated that they gained the habit of keeping records thanks to the breeding project, lamb rearing and breeding selection were made more effectively, so they benefited positively from the project. Furthermore, it was determined that the breeders wanted to stay in the project and wished for the project to continue.Öğe Investigation on the Hair Characteristics of Damascus and Kilis Goats(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2022) Behrem, Sedat; Keskin, Mahmut; Gul, Sabri; Unay, Engin; Satilmis, Muharrem; Unal, Murat; Sacli, YurdakulThis study aimed to investigate the coarse outer guard hair and the fine down hair (cashmere) characteristics of Kilis and Damascus goats and to evaluate their potential for industrial use. Yearling goats, goats at first birth, second birth, and third birth were used as animal materials from Gaziantep. From the shoulder, rump, and rib areas of each goat, 20-25 g of the guard hair and the fine down hair (cashmere) samples were collected. These samples were examined in terms of diameter, length, tenacity, and elasticity at the Fleece and Mohair Laboratory of the International Livestock Research and Training Center. In the study, the average fiber diameter values were determined as 15.0 +/- 0.08 and 15.1 +/- 0.07 microns, and the fiber length values were 23.4 +/- 0.38 and 22.4 +/- 0.34 mm for Kilis and Damascus goats, respectively. In the light of these results, it can be said that the cashmere fiber diameter for both breeds is suitable for the textile industry. On the other hand, the fiber length is not long enough for the textile industry but can be evaluated by hand weaving method.Öğe Kahverengi ve siyah başlı İvesi koyunlarının verim özellikleri yönünden karşılaştırılması(Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi, 2019) Biçer, Osman; Keskin, Mahmut; Gül, Sabri; Gündüz, Zühal; Oflaz, Nida Zeynep; Behrem, SedatAims: The reproductive and milk yield characteristics of brown and black headed Awassi sheep were investigated in this study. Methods and Results: In this study, brown and black headed types of Awassi sheep were compared in terms of 150-day milk yield and some fertility characteristics. At the end of the study, 150 days milk yield, birth weight and weaning weight of Awassi sheep with brown head and black head were determined as 111.6 and 121.5 kg, 4.1 and 3.9 kg, 17.4 and 20.6 kg, respectively. Conclusions: There were statistically significant differences in lamb development and milk yield between two different varieties. Significance and Impact of the Study: Information presented in this study should be taken into account the variety for sheep breeding in the region.Öğe Kilis ilinde keçi yetiştiriciliğinin mevcut durumu(Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi, 2011) Behrem, Sedat; Keskin, MahmutHalk Elinde Ülkesel Hayvan Islahı Projesi'nin alt projelerinden biri olan ? Kilis Keçisinin Halk Elinde Islahı? projesinin başlangıcında Kilis ilindeki keçi yetiştiriciliğinin mevcut durumunu belirlemek için yapılmış olan bu anket çalışması, Kilis İli Damızlık Koyun ve Keçi Yetiştiricileri Birliği'ne üye olan yetiştiricilerle yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonunda, Damızlık Koyun Keçi Yetiştiricileri Birliği'ne kayıtlı 142 yetiştiricilerin % 54.2'sinin ilkokul mezunu, % 20.4'ünün ortaokul mezunu, % 12'sinin ise lise mezunu oldukları saptanmıştır. Ankete katılan yetiştiricilerinin % 45.1'i hayvansal üretim ve bitkisel üretimi bir arada yaparken % 53.5'i sadece hayvancılıktan geçimlerini sağladıklarını beyan etmişlerdir. Sürü sahipleri hayvanlarını, genellikle yazları açık, kışları kapalı ağıllarda barındırmaktadırlar. Yetiştiricilerin % 59.9'u keçilere kesif yem verirken, % 39.4'ü kesif yem vermediklerini söylemişledir. Kesif yem verenlerin % 18.8'i yemi kendisi hazırlamakta % 81.2'si hazır yem kullanmaktadırlar. Bu yetiştiricilerin % 95.1'i çiftleştirme döneminden önce sürüden tekelerini ayırırken, % 4.9'u ise tekelerini yıl boyunca sürü içerisinde bulundurmaktadırlar. İşletmelerin % 56.3'ünde teke katımını Ağustos ayında yaparken, % 33.8'inde ise Eylül ayında yapmaktadırlar. Yetiştiricilerin %72.3'ü oğlaklarını 90 günlük yaşta sütten kesmektedirler. Ankete katılan yetiştiricilerden alınan bilgilere göre, keçilerde laktasyon süresi ortalama 239.8 ± 3.24 gün, süt verimi ise 390.6 ± 27. 12 kg'dır. Sürü sahiplerinin tamamı keçilerini elle sağmaktadırlar. Yetiştiricilerin ise % 78.9'u ürettikleri sütü çiğ olarak satmaktadırlar. Keçi yetiştiricilerinin % 54.2'si Haziran ayı başından itibaren Çukurova Bölgesi'ne göç etmektedirler.Öğe Türkiye'de yetiştirilen merinos melezi koyunlardan elde edilen yapağıların bazı fiziksel ve morfolojik özelliklerin analizi(Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi, 2020) Behrem, Sedat; Gül, Sabri̇Bu çalışmada, ülkemizde yetiştirilen merinos melezi ırkların bazı yapağı özellikleri incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla, Ankara bölgesinde Orta Anadolu Merinosu, Balıkesir bölgesinde Karacabey Merinosu ve Eskişehir bölgesinde Ramlıç koyunlarının yapağıları kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada, her ırktan aynı sürüden 30'ar baş olmak üzere, kuzu (3-6 aylık), 1-1.5 yaş (toklu), 2-2.5 yaş (1. doğumunu yapmış), 3-3.5 yaşlı (2 ve daha fazla doğum yapmış) koyunların, omuz, kaburga ve but bölgelerinden toplam 360 adet yapağı örneği alınmıştır. Alınan bu örneklerde, incelik, uzunluk, randıman, elastikiyet ve mukavemet değerleri tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca her bir yaş grubunda kırkım sonu canlı ağırlık ve kirli yapağı ağırlığı belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın istatistik analizleri SPSS paket programı ile yapılmıştır. Normallik varsayımı Kolmogorov- Smirnov ve Shapiro-Wilk testleri, homojenlik varsayımı Levene testi ile test edilmiştir. Değişkenlere ait açıklayıcı istatistikler ortalama ± standart hata şeklinde verilmiştir. Araştırma sonunda ortalama kirli yapağı ağırlığı Karacabey Merinoslarında, 3.6±0.09 kg, Orta Anadolu Merinoslarında 2.5 ± 0.09 kg, Ramlıç koyunlarında ise 2.2 ± 0.08 kg, Karacabey merinoslarında genel ortalama olarak yapağı inceliğini 23.9 ± 0.11 µ, uzunluğu 59.2 ± 0.64 mm, randımanı %56.2 ± 0.35, elastikiyeti 20.2 ± 0.23 cN/tex, mukavemeti 12.6 ± 0.09 cN/tex olarak tespit edilirken, aynı özellik sıralamasına göre Orta Anadolu Merinoslarında 24.7 ± 0.12 µ, 50.6 ± 0.71 mm, %55.2 ± 0.60, 21.6 ± 0.23 cN/tex, 13.8 ± 0.14 cN/tex; Ramlıç koyunlarında ise 24.1 ± 0.12 µ, 53.2 ± 1.05 mm, %62.9 ± 0.53, 22.3 ± 0.26 cN/tex, 13.4 ± 0.12 cN/tex olarak belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen bu bilgiler ışığında her üç ırkın da yapağı özelliklerinin tekstil endüstrisinin tercih ettiği kalite standartları içerisinde olduğu söylenebilir. Bu özelliklerinden dolayı bu ırklarımızın tekstil/dokuma endüstrisinde yeniden değerlendirilmesi için tarım politikaları geliştirilmeli, üreticiler bilinçlendirilmeli, birlikler ve kooperatifler aracılığıyla yapağının satışı için gerekli tedbirler alınmalıdır.
