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Öğe Effects of deficit irrigation treatments on yield and plant growth of young apricot trees(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2015) Bozkurt, S.; Odemis, B.; Durgac, C.An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of deficit irrigation on yield and tree growth of young apricot trees (Prunus armeniaca L. cv. Ninfa) during three growing seasons with three irrigation intervals (7, 14 and 21 days) and five irrigation levels based on reduction coefficients (K-cp) of class A pan evaporation (0.0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00). Growth and yield variables such as trunk diameter, mean branch length, volume of tree, total number of fruit, mean fruit weight, total fruit yields of trees, evapotranspiration and water use efficiencies were determined. While the irrigation interval treatments had significant effects on trunk diameters and branch lengths of the trees, the irrigation level treatments significantly affected all the tree growth variables. Variation in irrigation level also affected yield, with yield and fruit size increasing as irrigation increased up to at least 0.75 of pan evaporation. The treatment with 25% water deficit and a 14-day irrigation interval is suggested as the most suitable irrigation strategy for young apricot trees under a Mediterranean climate.Öğe Is There any Significant Association Between Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Cholelithiasis ?(Aves, 2008) Kuvandik, G.; Helvaci, M. R.; Ozkan, O. V.; Sogut, S.; Kaya, H.; Bozkurt, S.Background: We tried to understand whether or not there is a significant etiopathogenetic relationship between irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and cholelithiasis. Methods: Consecutive patients with upper abdominal discomfort were included into the study. Routine hematologic and biochemical tests, an abdominal ultrasonography, and a questionnaire for IBS was performed in all cases, and IBS is diagnosed according to Rome II criteria in the absence of red flag symptoms. Cholelithiasis cases were put into one group and age and sex-matched and randomly selected cases without cholelithiasis were put into the other group. Prevalences of smoking, normal weight, overweight, obesity, and IBS were detected in each group and compared in between. Results: One hundred and twenty-one patients with cholelithiasis were diagnosed. Ninety-seven (80.1%) of them were female, and their mean age was 53.4 +/- 9.9 (27-70) years. Interestingly, 92.5% (112 cases) of the cholelithiasis cases had excess weight and obesity was significantly higher in the cholelithiasis group (54.5% vs. 43.8%, p<0.05). Prevalence of IBS was nearly equal in both groups (43.8% in cholelithiasis vs. 42.1% in control cases, p>0.05). Conclusions: IBS probably is a cascade of many physiological events, being initiated with infection, inflammation, psychological disturbances-like stresses and eventually terminated with dysfunctions of genitourinary tract and probably some other systems of body via a low-grade inflammatory process. Although IBS probably has a much more complex mechanism than the current view and a higher prevalence in society, there is not a significant association between IBS and cholelithiasis.Öğe Responses of lettuce to irrigation levels and nitrogen forms(Academic Journals, 2009) Bozkurt, S.; Mansuroglu, G. S.; Kara, M.; Onder, S.This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different irrigation levels and nitrogen forms on yield, quality and water use efficiency of lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. longifolia cv. Lital) under greenhouse conditions during the periods November 2003 - February 2004 in the Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey. Four irrigation treatments with a drip irrigation system were based on adjustment coefficients (Kcp) (0, 0.75, 1.0, and 1.25) of Class A pan evaporation. Nitrogen (N) treatments were consisted of ammonium nitrate (N(AN)) and ammonium sulfate (N(AS)) forms. As the yield and quality parameters of plant; mean marketable head weight, number of total and marketable leaves, plant height and diameters, root wet weight, plant dry weight, core diameters and tightness of head were determined. N forms significantly affected plant diameter and number of total and marketable leaves. Yield and other yield components were not affected by different N forms. Irrigation levels had significant (p < 0.01) different effects on yield and yield components except for plant dry weight. The results showed that the highest yield was obtained from N(AN)xKcp(100) interaction plot. The water use efficiency (WUE) and the irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) increased as the irrigation level reduced.Öğe Yield responses of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. Botrytis) to different water and nitrogen levels in a Mediterranean coastal area(Taylor & Francis As, 2011) Bozkurt, S.; Uygur, V.; Agca, N.; Yalcin, M.Global warming along with the increasing population and fresh water shortages necessitates a specific fertilization programme under water-scarce conditions. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different irrigation and nitrogen levels on yield, growth components and water use characteristics of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. Botrytis cv. Tetris-F-1) cultivated in a field for three consecutive years from 2005 to 2007 in the Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey. Four irrigation (Kcp) levels with a drip irrigation system based on adjustment coefficients (0, 0.75, 1.0 and 1.25) of pan evaporation were used. Nitrogen (N) treatments were consisted of four different nitrogen rates (0, 75, 150 and 225 kg N ha(-1)). The following yield and quality parameters were determined: curd weight, curd diameters, number of leaves per crop, above ground biomass (AGB) and curd/AGB ratio. Fertilizer use efficiency (FUE) and leaf mineral contents were also determined to clarify the productivity of N treatments. According to the results; the amount of irrigation water and/or total received water affects the plant water consumption, consequently, crop yield in a field grown cauliflower. The highest yield was obtained in Kcp(1.0) irrigation level which represents full irrigation treatment. The excess water applications had negative effect on yield and AGB of cauliflower. Highest yield was obtained at 225 kg N ha(-1). The water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency values increased with decreasing irrigation rate. However, lower Kcp coefficients resulted in lower total yield. The FUE in irrigation treatments showed linear increases from non irrigation to full irrigation plots. However, excessive irrigation caused a decrease in FUE. It can be recommended that the Kcp1.0 crop-pan coefficient with 225 kg ha(-1) nitrogen application can be used to achieve the highest yield for field grown cauliflower in the Eastern Mediterranean coastal region of Turkey.
