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    Effect of pH and IONS on motility of scaly carp (Cyprinus carpio) spermatozoa
    (2011) Bozkurt, Y.; Ogretmen, F.; Secer, F.S.
    This study investigated the effects of environmental factors including pH and cations such as sodium (Na +), potassium (K +), calcium (Ca 2+) and magnesium (Mg 2+) concentrations on sperm motility of scaly carp (Cyprinus carpio). Sperm motility was evaluated by the duration of sperm movement and the initial percentage of motile sperm. The maximum percentage of motile sperm and total duration of sperm motility were observed in solutions containing 25 mM NaCl (95.0±16.0% and 147.0±5.27 s), 0.5 mM KCl (85.0±2.45% and 174±2.47 s), 5 mM CaSO 4 (90.0±2.27% and 95.2±3.46 s) and 10 mM MgSO 4 (80.16±2.45% and 124.56±26.42 s). In addition, maximum and minimum percentages and total durations of motility occurred at pH 8.0 and pH 6.0, respectively. The prolonged duration of movement might be caused by reactivation of sperm or gradual activation of sperm motility. Concentrations more than 50 mM of Na +, 2 mM of K +, 10 mM of Ca 2+, 10 mM of Mg 2+ and more than pH 8 had negative effects on sperm motility. The present study provides us with some basic knowledge about scaly carp spermatozoa biosensitivity to the ionic media.
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    EFFECT OF pH AND IONS ON MOTILITY OF SCALY CARP (Cyprinus carpio) SPERMATOZOA
    (Scibulcom Ltd, 2011) Bozkurt, Y.; Ogretmen, F.; Secer, F. S.
    This study investigated the effects of environmental factors including pH and cations such as sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) concentrations on sperm motility of scaly carp (Cyprinus carpio). Sperm motility was evaluated by the duration of sperm movement and the initial percentage of motile sperm. The maximum percentage of motile sperm and total duration of sperm motility were observed in solutions containing 25 mM NaCl (95.0 +/- 16.0% and 147.0 +/- 5.27 s), 0.5 mM KCl (85.0 +/- 2.45% and 174 +/- 2.47 s), 5 mM CaSO4 (90.0 +/- 2.27% and 95.2 +/- 3.46 s) and 10 mM MgSO4 (80.16 +/- 2.45% and 124.56 +/- 26.42 s). In addition, maximum and minimum percentages and total durations of motility occurred at pH 8.0 and pH 6.0, respectively. The prolonged duration of movement might be caused by reactivation of sperm or gradual activation of sperm motility. Concentrations more than 50 mM of Na+, 2 mM of K+, 10 mM of Ca2+, 10 mM of Mg2+ and more than pH 8 had negative effects on sperm motility. The present study provides us with some basic knowledge about scaly carp spermatozoa biosensitivity to the ionic media.
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    Effect of welding parameters on lap shear tensile properties of dissimilar friction stir spot welded AA 5754-H22/2024-T3 joints
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2013) Bozkurt, Y.; Salman, S.; Cam, G.
    In this study, the effect of weld parameters on mechanical properties, such as lap shear fracture load, of friction stir spot welded dissimilar lap joints was studied. The effects of the plate positioning, the plunge depth and the dwell time as well as the tool tilt angle on the joint strength were investigated. The experimental results showed that the positioning of the sheets played an important role on the strength of the joints. The joint strength was higher when AA 5754 sheet is placed on the top, whereas lower strength values were displayed by dissimilar joints produced by placing AA 2024 as the upper sheet. It was also observed that the plunge depth, dwell time and tool tilt angle had a strong effect on the failure mode of the friction stir spot welded lap joints produced. The joints exhibited two different fracture modes, namely cross and pullout nugget under lap shear tensile testing conditions.
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    Effects of glycerol additions on post-thaw fertility of frozen rainbow trout sperm, with an emphasis on interaction between extender and cryoprotectant
    (Blackwell Publishing, 2007) Tekin, N.; Secer, S.; Akcay, E.; Bozkurt, Y.; Kayam, S.
    The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different extenders, cryoprotectants and glycerol additions on the post-thaw fertility and interactions between extenders and cryoprotectants during cryopreservation. Semen was collected by abdominal stripping from 30 adult male rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) and diluted with three different extenders (Erdahl-Graham, Lahnsteiner, glucose-based) containing 15% DMA, 15% DMSO, 15% DMA + 1% glycerol and 15% DMSO + 1% glycerol at a ratio of 1 : 2. Diluted samples were frozen as 0.1 ml pellets directly on dry ice (solid CO2, -79 degrees C). Eggs were pooled from 10 females. Fertilization was applied in plastic dishes and 600 eggs were used in each fertilization trial. Pellets were thawed in their own extenders (30 degrees C) at a ratio of 1 : 10. 0.3% NaCl was used for activating motility. Sperm-egg ratio was approximately 3 x 10(6) sp per egg. Experimental success was determined as the percentage of eyed-eggs 25 days after fertilization. The highest eyed-egg rate (49.3%) was obtained from semen frozen with glucose-based extender containing 15% DMSO + 1% glycerol. Our results indicate that the glucose-based extender containing DMSO is a useful combination, but that the addition of glycerol does not have a positive effect on post-thaw fertility, and that interaction of the extender-cryoprotectant is also important in the cryopreservation of rainbow trout semen.
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    Relationships between seminal plasma composition and sperm quality parameters of the Salmo trutta macrostigma (Dumeril, 1858) semen: with emphasis on sperm motility
    (Czech Academy Agricultural Sciences, 2011) Bozkurt, Y.; Ogretmen, F.; Kokcu, O.; Ercin, U.
    The mineral and organic composition of seminal plasma, physical spermatological parameters and their physiological relationships were investigated in Salmo trutta macrostigma. The seminal plasma contained 121.0 +/- 0.37mM/lI (Na+), 8.18 +/- 0.03mM/l (K), 7.23 +/- 0.03 mg/dl (Ca2+), 3.19 +/- 0.02 mEq/l (Mg++), 0.48 +/- 0.02 g/dl total protein, 6.07 +/- 0.06 mg/dl cholesterol, 6.24 +/- 0.08 mg/dl triglyceride and 9.97 +/- 0.39 mg/dl urea. The following physical spermatological parameters were found out: sperm volume 13.93 +/- 0.84 ml, sperm motility 80.37 +/- 2.36%, movement duration 81.47 +/- 4.21 s, density 6.02 +/- 0.46 x 10(9)/ml, total density 8.85 +/- 6.12 x 10(9) and pH 7.53 +/- 0.20. Significant positive relationships were determined between motility duration and motility (r = 0.83, P < 0.01) and also between spermatocrit and motility (r = 0.536, P < 0.05). Sperm volume and total density negatively correlated with motility (r = -0.191, P > 0.05 and r = -0.087, P > 0.05, respectively). The Na+, K+ and Cl- ions correlated negatively with motility (r = -0.267, P > 0.05, r = -0.152, P > 0.05 and r = -0.461, P > 0.05, respectively). On the other hand, the Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions correlated positively with motility (r = 0.114, P > 0.05 and r = 0.040, P > 0.05, respectively). A significant negative relationship was found between motility and urea (r = -0.515, P < 0.05). These parameters should be considered when developing procedures for short-term storage or cryopreservation of the Salmo trutta macrostigma sperm.
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    Sperm quality, egg size, fecundity and their relationships with fertilization rate of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)
    (Iranian Fisheries Science Research Inst-Ifsri, 2012) Bozkurt, Y.; Ogretmen, F.
    Gametes were collected by abdominal massage from 15 anesthesized male and female grass carp. In collected sperm samples the following mean spermatological properties were determined: sperm volume 15.64 +/- 5.39 mL, sperm motility 81.20 +/- 7.61%, motility duration 62.06 +/- 19.40s, density 17.88 +/- 5.48 x10(9) mL(-1), total density 428.90 +/- 302.05 x10(9), and pH 7.25 +/- 0.81. Also egg size (mm) and fecundity (egg/fish) were determined as 1.04 +/- 0.028 and 417867 +/- 36.274 respectively in female grass carp. The fertilization capacity of sperm was tested with the same egg pool. The insemination dosage was 2x10(5) spz/egg for each fertilization experiment. Fertilization rate was determined as mean 79.3 +/- 2.95% and positively correlated with sperm motility (r=0.932, p<0.01), egg size (r=0.513, p>0.05) and fecundity (r=0.539, p>0.05).