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    Correlation Between the Carotid Artery Intima Media Thickness and Gamma Glutamyl Transferase Level in Maras Powder Users
    (2022) Bozkus, Fulsen; Dikmen, Nursel; Köylü, Ahmet
    Objective: In this study, we evaluated carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT), an early marker of atherosclerosis in smokers and Maras\rpowder users, and serum gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels, which is a marker of oxidative damage.\rMethods: The study included 27 men who do not smoke but use maras powder, 32 men who smoke but do not use maras powder and 30\rmen who neither smoke nor use Maras powder as the control group. Serum levels of GGT and lipid profiles were measured and the results\rwere compared between the groups. CIMT was measured by Doppler ultrasonography.\rResults: Mean CIMT was found as 0.79±0.09 mm, 0.74±0.08 mm and 0.55±0.08 mm in Maras powder, smoking and control groups; respectively.\rThe difference among the groups was statistically significant (p<0.001). Plasma levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol\rand triglyceride were significantly higher in the Maras powder and smoking groups than in the control group (p<0.001). Plasma levels of highdensity\rlipoprotein-cholesterol levels were significantly lower in the Maras powder and smoking groups than in the control group (p<0.001).\rSerum GGT levels were found significantly higher in the Maras powder and smoking groups compared to the control group (p<0.001).\rConclusion: This study reveals that Maras powder is as effective as cigarette smoking on increasing of oxidative stress, which plays a role in\rthe pathogenesis of many diseases. Our results suggest that CIMT is an important marker of cardiovascular complications in Maras powder\rusers and smokers as a non-invasive method.
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    Does the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio have any importance between subjects with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome with obesity and without obesity?
    (Turkish Assoc Tuberculosis & Thorax, 2018) Bozkus, Fulsen; Dikmen, Nursel; Samur, Anil; Bilal, Nagihan; Atilla, Nurhan; Arpag, Hseyin
    Introduction: An increase in the incidence of OSAS (obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome) has been seen due to the reported association between OSAS and obesity. Subjects are predisposed to cardiovascular disease due to systemic inflammation caused by the interactions between obesity and OSA. Inflammatory markers could be used to predict the degree of systemic inflammation, which could be a prognostic factor for future adverse events such as metabolic risks. One marker that has recently started being used as an indicator of systemic inflammation is neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). Materials and Methods: The aim is to evaluate NLR, which is a easily measured parameter of systemic inflammation in OSAS subjects with and without obesity. 155 subjects were assigned to four different groups according to their body mass indices. Comparisons of white blood cell, neutrophil, lymphocyte, NLR values and anthropometric measurements were done for each group. Results: The NLR and neutrophil counts of group 4 were statistically significant and higher than those of groups 1, 2 and 3. The lymphocyte counts of group 4 were the lowest amongst all groups, these values were lower than the lymphocyte counts of groups 1, 2 and 3 with statistically significant differences (p< 001). A positive correlation was found between the body mass index and lymphocyte count values of obese OSAS subjects (r= 0.027, p= 353). Conclusion: The NLR ratio was found to be increasing by obesity grade and reveals that the associated inflammatory response also increases. The NLR ratio might be used as an inflammatory marker in obese OSAS subjects.