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Öğe Antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence-associated genes in Campylobacter isolates from milk and wastewater in Hatay, Turkey(Univ Federal Santa Maria, 2019) Elmali, Mehmet; Can, Hayriye YesimCampylobacter is one of the most common causes of bacterial foodborne diseases throughout the world This study was conducted to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and virulence of Campylobacter isolates of raw cow's milk and cattle slaughterhouse wastewater samples in Hatay, Turkey. A total of 114 raw milk and 78 wastewater samples were analyzed for the identification of C. jejuni, C. coli, and C. lari by multiplex PCR. The overall prevalence of Campylobacter was found to be 7.2%. of these isolates, 85.7% were identified as C. jejuni and 14.2% as C. coli, but C. lari was not detected in the study. The cdtA and cadF genes were present in 66.6% and 41.6% of C. jejuni isolates tested, respectively, but wlaN gene was not found in any of the isolates. Results of antimicrobial resistance analysis showed that 71.4% of the isolates were resistant to erythromycin, 64.2% to tetracycline, and 57.1% to ciprofioxacin. Overall, 8 of 14 Campylobacter isolates (57.1%) showed a multidrug resistance.Öğe Cost-effectiveness of animal protein consumption in Turkey(Univ Federal Santa Maria, 2022) Can, Mehmet Ferit; Can, Hayriye YesimThe most tangible economic indicator of animal protein consumption is the real price of 1 g protein of a certain quality. The present study aimed to determine and compare the cost-effectiveness of some animal proteins in Turkey. To determine cost-effectiveness, average protein contents (g/100 g). biological values (%), and inflation-adjusted 36-month real prices (TRY/kg) of eight different foods of animal origin were used. The ANOV4 test yielded a significant difference between the cost-effectiveness of selected animal proteins (P<0.01 and eta 2 = 0.973). Multiple comparisons revealed that chicken meat and chicken egg, between which there was no significant difference, were economically superior to other Pods < 0.05). Cow's milk and homogenized yogurt, between which there was no significant difference, took second place in terms of cost-effectiveness. These products were followed by fresh kashar cheese. ripened Turkish white cheese, beef meat, and mutton meat. There were also significant relationships between the unit prices of certain animal products. Although the real price of 1 g of animal protein varies according to time and place depending on the factors affecting supply and demand. the global economic advantage of egg and chicken meat coincides with the dimensions of health and religious beliefs. If today's demographic, climatic, biological. and technological developments can make animal protein production cheaper and more reliable, consumer welfare in underdeveloped and developing countries can increase.Öğe Detection of Coxiella burnetii in cows', goats', and ewes' bulk milk samples using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)(Croatian Dairy Union, 2015) Can, Hayriye Yesim; Elmali, Mehmet; Karagoz, AlperQ fever is a widespread zoonotic disease that is caused by obligate intracellular bacteria, Coxiella burnetii. This study was planned to determine the prevalence of C. burnetii in cows', goats', and ewes' bulk milk (BM) samples using PCR and to confirm positive results by DNA sequencing. A total of 150 BM samples (50 samples of each cows', goats', and ewes' milk) collected from 15 randomly selected dairy farms in Hatay province were analyzed. The BM samples were taken between January 2012 and July 2013. Bacterial DNA was extracted directly from milk samples. Nine of the BM samples (6 %) were PCR positive; five from cows' BM, two from ewes' BM, and two from goats' BM. Bacterial DNA was detected in 3 of 15 (20 %) dairy farms. Positive results were confirmed by DNA sequencing. The sequencing results of Coxiella DNA extracted from cows', goats', and ewes' milk samples were consistent with the reference strain with 100 %, 99.7 %, 99.8 % homology, respectively. BM samples were found to be contaminated with C. burnetii; therefore, taking hygienic measures is necessary for food safety and public health.Öğe Detection of Salmonella spp., Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Typhimurium in cream cakes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)(Polish Soc Veterinary Sciences Editorial Office, 2014) Can, Hayriye Yesim; Elmali, Mehmet; Karagoz, Alper; Oner, SuleymanThe aims of this study were: (i) to determine the incidence of Salmonella spp. by conventional culture methods in cream cakes, (ii) to detect invA gene by PCR for the confirmation of the isolates, (iii) to analyze isolates for S. Enteritidis, S. Typhi, and S. Typhimurium by PCR based on Sdf I, ViaB, Spy gene sequences, respectively, and (iv) to identify isolates in comparison to the reference strain by DNA sequence analysis. A total of 81 unpackaged cream cake samples were obtained from different patisseries in Hatay, Turkey. Salmonella spp. was detected in 13 (16%) out of 81 cream cake samples by the conventional culture method. A total of 45 isolates from the 13 positive samples were confirmed as Salmonella spp. by PCR. Homology among the reference strain and isolates and homology within the isolates was found to be 98.97-100%. Cream cake samples analyzed in this study were found to be contaminated with Salmonella, thus posing a potential health hazard for the consumer. To protect public health, food safety management systems such as HACCP, GMP and GHP could be carried out in cream cake production.Öğe Factors affecting the individual consumption level of milk and dairy products(Univ Estadual Londrina, 2022) Can, Hayriye Yesim; Can, Mehmet FeritThe quality and quantity of the demand for milk and dairy products are important indicators for the relevant sector stakeholders. This study aims to examine the amount and differences in individual milk and dairy products consumption, together with the factors affecting this consumption. The study was conducted through a survey on 221 consumers in Hatay, which is a multicultural and cosmopolitan city in Turkey. Monthly average consumptions of milk, cheese, yogurt, ayran/yogurt drink, butter, and milk equivalent products were determined to be 3.45 kg, 0.95 kg, 3.79 kg, 1.32 kg, 0.29 kg, and 30.55 kg, respectively. Consumption frequency was found to be more than once a week for milk and every day for dairy products. Statistically, men consume more ayran and butter than women (P < 0.05). There are significant differences among different income groups in terms of butter consumption, and among different education groups in terms of milk and ayran consumption (P < 0.05). Significant relationships in a positive direction were determined between height and education level and ayran; between weight and income level and milk equivalent (P < 0.01); between education and income level and milk consumption (P < 0.05). The socio-economic, demographic, and biological variables of the consumers should be carefully monitored in order to maintain and increase the demand for milk and dairy products, and marketing strategies should be created specifically to increase the breakfast habit.Öğe Fish consumption preferences and factors influencing it(Soc Brasileira Ciencia Tecnologia Alimentos, 2015) Can, Mehmet Ferit; Gunlu, Aytekin; Can, Hayriye YesimFish consumption preferences are affected by individuals' socioeconomic characteristics. The aims of the present paper were (i) to obtain information on fish consumption level and frequency; (ii) to investigate the associations between the socioeconomic characteristics of consumers and their preferences; and (iii) to examine the influence of determinants on fish consumption. Data were gathered through a questionnaire completed by a total of 127 randomly selected individuals from different socioeconomic backgrounds from the Antakya, Turkey. The average consumption was found to be 2.98 kg/person/year for fish. Anchovies, gilt-head sea bream, and sea bass were reported as the most consumed three species, respectively. Significant differences in fish consumption were found among age groups, gender groups, and education groups, as well as between marital statuses. A majority of the consumers eat fish once a month throughout the year or only during the winter months. Fish consumption level and frequency were significantly positively correlated with education (p<0.01), income (p<0.05) and total meat consumption (p<0.01). The stepwise multiple regression model explained 41.7% (p<0.01) of the total variance for fish consumption. The amount and frequency of the consumption in the region, which is very far below the world and Turkey average especially for lower socioeconomic groups and for less-consumed fish species, can be increased by certain policies, such as training, advertising and different marketing strategies. Moreover, consumption should be distributed equally throughout the year instead of consuming only in certain seasons.Öğe Molecular Typing and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Raw Milk, Cheese, Minced Meat, and Chicken Meat Samples(Korean Soc Food Science Animal Resources, 2017) Can, Hayriye Yesim; Elmali, Mehmet; Karagoz, AlperThe objectives of this study were: i) to detect the presence of Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in raw milk, cheese, beef minced meat, and chicken meat samples; ii) to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates; and iii) to determine clonal relation among the isolates by using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) method. Therefore, a total of 160 food samples were randomly collected between August 2014 and May 2015 in Hatay province, located in the southern Turkey. Twenty (12.5%) of the samples were found to be contaminated with S. aureus. A total of 40 isolates from the 20 positive samples were confirmed to be S. aureus by multiplex PCR based on 16S rRNA and nuc gene. The mec A gene was not detected in any of the S. aureus strains. In the present study, 39 out of 40 (97.5%) isolates were found to be resistant to one or more antibiotics. All of isolates were susceptible to gentamicin, oxacillin, and vancomycin. The highest resistance rate was detected in penicillin (95%) and ampicillin (92.5%), followed by tetracycline (30%), erythromycin (20%), ciprofloxacin (12.5%). Nine major patterns were determined by PFGE. In 6 of these patterns, thirty-six strains (90%) had identical PFGE profiles.Öğe Occurence and antimicrobial resistance of Arcobacter species in food and slaughterhouse samples(Soc Brasileira Ciencia Tecnologia Alimentos, 2017) Elmali, Mehmet; Can, Hayriye YesimThe objectives of this study were: i) to isolate Arcobacter species (Arcobacter butzleri, Arcobacter skirrowii, Arcobacter cryaerophilus) from different foods and sources, ii) to verify the isolates by multiplex PCR assay, iii) to detect the antibiotic resistance profiles of the isolates. In this study a total of 60 Arcobacter isolates were obtained. Arcobacter species were mostly isolated from swab samples (40%), followed by wastewater (29.1%), broiler wing meat (30%), raw milk (23.9%) and minced meat (6.6%). Regarding the seasonal distribution of Arcobacter from swab and wastewater samples, the bacterium was commonly isolated from wastewater in winter and spring, while it was frequently detected in swab samples during autumn and spring. All of the isolates were found to be resistant to nalidixic acid, ampicillin, rifampin, and erythromycin. The most effective antibiotic was tetracycline, because 96.66% of the isolates were susceptible against it. This is the first report of the isolation, seasonal distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of Arcobacter species in cattle slaughterhouse samples in Turkey. These results indicate that foods of animal origin and cattle slaughterhouses are significant source of the antimicrobial resistant arcobacters.Öğe Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in poultry meat(Soc Brasileira Ciencia Tecnologia Alimentos, 2015) Elmali, Mehmet; Can, Hayriye Yesim; Yaman, HilmiThe objectives of this study were: i) to isolate Listeria spp. and Listeria monocytogenes in broiler wing meat samples, ii) to confirm the isolates by PCR, based on prs and hly A gene sequences, iii) to determine the seasonal and monthly distribution of the isolates. A total of 120 broiler wing meat samples (60 packaged pieces wrapped using strech film in styrofoam plates and 60 unpackaged pieces) bought from different markets in Hatay province were analysed. Listeria spp. was isolated from 57 (47.5%) out of 120 samples. Fifty-four, out of 57 Listeria spp. isolates were identified as L. monocytogenes. L. monocytogenes was isolated from the samples collected during the spring, winter, summer, and autumn at the levels of 26.6%, 40%, 53.3%, 60%, respectively. In this study, the isolation rates were found to be the highest in autumn, while the isolation rates were found to be the lowest in spring. As a consequence, high prevalence of Listeria spp. and L. monocytogenes in poultry wing meat samples may pose a risk for human health. We consider that with obeying the rules of good hygiene practices (GHP), good manufacturing practices (GMP) and HACCP can minimize the contamination with Listeria spp.Öğe Psychrotrophic properties, toxigenic characteristics, and PFGE profiles of Bacillus cereus isolated from different foods and spices(Univ Federal Santa Maria, 2022) Can, Hayriye Yesim; Elmali, Mehmet; Karagoz, Alper; Disli, Huseyin BurakBacillus cereus is an aerobic and facultatively anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium, and it is found naturally in soil and poses a risk factor for the contamination of food and foodstuffs including cereals, vegetables, spices, ready-to-eat (RTE) foods, meats, milk, and dairy products. This study determined the prevalence of B. cereus in raw poultry meat, raw cow's milk, cheese, spices, and RYE foods in Hatay province. The study also analysed the psychrotrophic properties, toxigenic characteristics, and pulsed : field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles of the isolates. The levels of contamination with B. cereus determined for cheese, raw milk, RTE foods, spices, and raw poultry meat were 16.6%, 34.2%, 42.8%, 49%, and 55.5%, respectively. B. cereus was isolated from 84 (42%) of the 200 samples analysed and the 84 isolates were verified by PCR analysis targeting the haemolysin gene specific for B. cereus. Of the total isolates, 64 (76.1%) were psychrotrophic. The toxin gene profiling of B. cereus isolates was determined by amplifying the four genes nhe, hbl, cytK, and ces. The nhe and cytK genes were most frequently detected in the isolates, while the hbl and ces genes were not found. In addition, a high genetic relationship between the isolates was detected at a 92%) similarity level by PFGE analysis. In conclusion, the occurrence of both psychrotrophic and tarigenic B. cereus strains in this study indicated a potential risk for food spoilage and food poisoning.
