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    Do border walls work?: security, insecurity and everyday economy in the Turkish-Syrian borderlands
    (Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2021) Arslan, Zerrin; Can, Sule; Wilson, Thomas M.
    Border walls are often seen as preferable options to improve security by providing strong barriers against the movement of people. Although these barriers are never absolute and remain porous, they are still appealing, which raises the question about who benefits when border walls are introduced. This article questions whether and for whom border walls work by focusing on the new Turkish-Syrian border wall in Hatay. Through an ethnographic investigation of border politics and the effects of increasing surveillance on residents of the border, it examines the socio-economic and political impact of the wall on local life. Second, it shows how the wall has led to a significant increase in migrant smuggling, which indicates improvements in security in one policy area may lead to a worsening situation in others. It concludes that the wall reinforces the state's claim of sovereignty but fails to be an effective security measure for border residents or refugees.
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    POU6F2 mutation identified in humans with pubertal failure shifts isoform formation and alters GnRH transcript expression
    (Karger, 2023) Topaloglu, A. Kemal; Cho, Hyun-Ju; Gurbuz, Fatih; Stamou, Maria; Kotan, Leman Damla; Farmer, Stephen Matthew; Can, Sule
    [Abstract Not Available]
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    POU6F2 mutation in humans with pubertal failure alters GnRH transcript expression
    (Frontiers Media Sa, 2023) Cho, Hyun-Ju; Gurbuz, Fatih; Stamou, Maria; Kotan, Leman Damla; Farmer, Stephen Matthew; Can, Sule; Tompkins, Miranda Faith
    Idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) is characterized by the absence of pubertal development and subsequent impaired fertility often due to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) deficits. Exome sequencing of two independent cohorts of IHH patients identified 12 rare missense variants in POU6F2 in 15 patients. POU6F2 encodes two distinct isoforms. In the adult mouse, expression of both isoform1 and isoform2 was detected in the brain, pituitary, and gonads. However, only isoform1 was detected in mouse primary GnRH cells and three immortalized GnRH cell lines, two mouse and one human. To date, the function of isoform2 has been verified as a transcription factor, while the function of isoform1 has been unknown. In the present report, bioinformatics and cell assays on a human-derived GnRH cell line reveal a novel function for isoform1, demonstrating it can act as a transcriptional regulator, decreasing GNRH1 expression. In addition, the impact of the two most prevalent POU6F2 variants, identified in five IHH patients, that were located at/or close to the DNA-binding domain was examined. Notably, one of these mutations prevented the repression of GnRH transcripts by isoform1. Normally, GnRH transcription increases as GnRH cells mature as they near migrate into the brain. Augmentation earlier during development can disrupt normal GnRH cell migration, consistent with some POU6F2 variants contributing to the IHH pathogenesis.