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Öğe Assessment of corneal topographic, tomographic, densitometric, and biomechanical properties of Fabry patients with ocular manifestations(Springer, 2020) Cankurtaran, Veysel; Tekin, Kemal; Cakmak, Ayse Idil; Inanc, Merve; Turgut, Faruk HilmiPurpose To investigate whether cornea verticillata affects corneal topography, tomography, densitometry, or biomechanics of Fabry patients with ocular manifestations and to compare these results with those obtained from healthy subjects. Methods This prospective, cross-sectional study included 23 Fabry patients (Fabry group) with cornea verticillata and the 37 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects (control group). After comprehensive ophthalmological examinations, corneal topography, tomography, and densitometry measurements were taken using Pentacam HR and corneal biomechanics were captured via Corvis ST for all participants. Results All the investigated topographic and tomographic values were similar in the eyes with Fabry disease (FD) and the controls (P > 0.05). The corneal densitometry values of patients with FD were statistically significantly higher in all the concentric zones and layers, except posterior 0-2 mm and posterior 2-6 mm zones, compared to the controls (P < 0.05). The mean values of A1 velocity, A2 velocity, deformation amplitude ratio, Corvis biomechanical index, tomographic and biomechanical index, and Stiffness parameter at the first applanation in the Fabry group were statistically significantly different compared to control group (P < 0.05). However, the mean values of A1 length, A2 length, and the biomechanically corrected intraocular pressure were similar between the groups (P = 0.317, P = 0.819, and P = 0.468; respectively). Conclusion Although cornea verticillata associated with FD is not considered to affect vision, it is associated with increased light backscattering and reduced corneal transparency as well as altered corneal biomechanical properties.Öğe Assessment of platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio in patients with retinal vein occlusion(Sage Publications Ltd, 2020) Kurtul, Bengi Ece; cakmak, Ayse Idil; Elbeyli, Ahmet; Oezarslan oezcan, Deniz; Oezcan, Sait Coskun; Cankurtaran, VeyselPurpose: To investigate platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in retinal vein occlusion (RVO) patients. Methods: In this study, we retrospectively reviewed data of 32 patients with RVO (RVO group) and 32 age- and sex-matched participants without RVO (control group) between January 2017 and March 2019. The PLR was determined by dividing the platelet count by the lymphocyte count. Results: Age and gender were comparable between the groups (p = 0.204 and p = 0.800, respectively). PLR was significantly elevated in the RVO group compared with the control group (137 (113-164) vs 101 (86-129), p = 0.001)). In the receiver operator characteristics curve analysis, the optimal cut-off value of PLR for predicting RVO was 123, with 69% sensitivity and 72% specificity. Conclusion: We report that PLR are elevated in RVO, suggesting that PLR may be a useful marker for RVO.Öğe Association of diabetic retinopathy stage with the severity of female urinary incontinence(Wiley, 2019) Cankurtaran, Veysel; Ozates, Serdar; Ozler, Serkan; Dirican, EmrePurpose To assess the relation between diabetic retinopathy (DR) severity and urinary incontinence (UI) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Materials and methods This prospective and observational study included 153 subjects. Patients were divided into three subgroups, according to severity of DR, as: No-DR, nonproliferative DR (NPDR), and proliferative DR (PDR); 40 age-matched healthy subjects formed the control group. Turkish version of the Urogenital Stress Inventory 6 (UDI-6) and Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ-7) were used to assess the UI symptoms and their effect on quality of life. The UDI-6 and IIQ-7 scores were the primary outcomes of the study. Results No significant difference was observed between groups regarding age, maternal parity, body mass index, type of delivery, menopausal status, and smoking. The mean UDI-6 urgency UI questions score was significantly higher in the PDR group and significantly higher in the NPDR group than in the control group. The mean UDI-6 stress UI questions score was similar between groups. The mean UDI-6 voiding difficulty questions score was significantly higher in the PDR group and no significant difference was observed between other groups. The mean IIQ-7 score was significantly lower in the PDR group. A moderate and positive correlation was found between glycated hemoglobin level and the UDI-6 urgency UI and voiding difficulty questions and total scores. A weak and positive correlation was found between the duration of DM and the all UDI-6 scores. Conclusion The present study showed that UI symptoms and their effect on QOL were more severe in patients with PDR.Öğe Association of pupil responses with severity of erectile dysfunction in diabetes mellitus(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2019) Cankurtaran, Veysel; Ozates, Serdar; Ozler, SerkanPurpose: To investigate the relation between erectile dysfunction (ED) severity and pupillary functions in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods: This prospective and observational study included 90 patients with type 2 DM and ED. Patients divided into three subgroups according to severity of ED: (i) Mild ED, (ii) Moderate ED and (iii) Severe ED groups. Thirty age-matched healthy subjects formed the control group. Main outcome measures were pupil diameter and average speed of pupil dilation. Static and dynamic pupillometry analysis was performed using the Sirius Topographer (CSO, Firenze, Italy). Results: Mean pupil diameter during static and dynamic pupillometry analysis were significantly greater in the control group than in the all study groups (P < 0.05). Mean pupil diameter in static pupillometry analysis was significantly different in each study group and pupil was more miotic in the Severe ED group than in the both Moderate and Mild ED groups (P < 0.05 for each). Dynamic pupillometry analysis revealed that mean pupil diameter and mean average dilation speed were significantly different in each study group throughout measurement period and the highest speed was observed in the Mild ED group and the lowest speed was observed in the severe ED group (P < 0.005 for each). Conclusion: Our study results suggest that abnormal pupil functions due to diabetic autonomic neuropathy may indicate the associated ED in patients with DM.Öğe Cumulative Effects of Smoking and Diabetes Mellitus on Corneal Endothelial Cell Parameters(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2019) Cankurtaran, Veysel; Tekin, KemalPurpose: To compare the corneal endothelial morphometric properties and central corneal thickness (CCT) values in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and age-matched healthy subjects and to determine whether smoking increases the effects of DM on these corneal parameters. Methods: This prospective study included patients with type 2 DM and their age-matched controls. The smoking history of all participants was evaluated. Corneal endothelial cell properties including endothelial cell density (ECD), average cell area (AVG), coefficient of variation of cell area (CV), and percentage of hexagonal cells (HEX) were obtained using a noncontact specular microscope. Consequently, CCT was measured using an ultrasound pachymeter. Results: This research analyzed 153 subjects in the DM group and 146 subjects in the control group. There were no statistically significant differences in the age, sex, and smoking status of the participants in 2 groups (P> 0.05). The corneal endothelial cell measurements including ECD, AVG, CV, and HEX did not show any statistically significant differences between these groups (P> 0.05). However, CCT of patients with DM was statistically significantly thicker than that of the controls (P = 0.005). The ECD values of the smokers with DM (2435 6 325 cells/mm(2)) were statistically significantly lower than those of nonsmoker healthy subjects (2559 6 279 cells/mm(2) P = 0.008). However, the AVG, CV, HEX, and CCT values of the smokers with DM were not statistically significantly different compared with nonsmoker healthy subjects (P> 0.05). Conclusions: Although neither only DM nor only smoking has a statistically significant effect on corneal endothelial morphometric properties, coexistence of DM and smoking causes a significant decrease in ECD.Öğe Effects of a Single Dose of Topical Brimonidine 0.15% on Anterior Segment Morphology, Pupil Characteristics, and Choroidal Thickness in Healthy Subjects(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2021) Cankurtaran, Veysel; Tekin, KemalPurpose: To investigate the effects of a single dose of brimonidine 0.15% on anterior segment morphology, pupil characteristics, and choroidal blood flow in treated and untreated eyes of healthy subjects and to compare the results obtained with those in another healthy volunteer group. Methods: Participants were classified as study and control groups. The eyes in the study group were randomized. Only one eye received one drop of brimonidine (treated eyes), and the contralateral eye received single dose of sodium hyaluronate (untreated eyes). In addition, only right eyes of control subjects, who had single dose of sodium hyaluronate to both eyes, were analyzed (control eyes). Anterior segment parameters including central corneal thickness (CCT), aqueous depth, anterior chamber volume, iridocorneal angle (ICA), horizontal anterior chamber diameter, and pupil measurements including scotopic, mesopic, photopic, and dynamic pupil diameters (PDs) were performed with Sirius Scheimpflug camera. Choroidal thickness (CT) measurements were taken with optical coherence tomography. These measurements were taken at baseline and repeated 1 hour after the dosing. Results: Only the treated eyes had significantly thicker CCT and wider ICA values after instillation of brimonidine. Static and dynamic PD values of treated eyes and even untreated eyes significantly decreased after brimonidine. However, brimonidine has no significant effect on CT measurements. Conclusion: A single dose of brimonidine causes thickening in CCT and widening in ICA values in treated eyes. In addition, it has significant effect to decrease the scotopic, mesopic, photopic, and dynamic PD values in treated and even contralateral eyes while has no effect on choroidal blood flow.Öğe Effects of topical timolol maleate on anterior segment structure, pupil dynamics and retinal and choroidal thickness in healthy subjects(Gazi Göz Vakfı, 2020) Cankurtaran, Veysel; Özateş, SerdarPurpose: To investigate the effect of a single dose of topical timolol maleate 0.5% on anterior segment structure, pupil dynamics, and retinal and choroidal thickness in healthy subjects. Materials and Methods: Thirty subjects were included in this prospective and observational study.One eye of the participants received a single dose of topical benzalkonium chloride (BAC) preserved Timolol maleate 0.5% (Timosol 0.5%, Bilim Ilac, Istanbul, Turkey) (treated eye). Contralateral eye received a single dose of sodium hyaluronate ophthalmic solution without preservative (control eye). Main outcome measures were central corneal thickness (CCT), aqueous depth, anterior chamber volume, iridocorneal angle, horizontal anterior chamber diameter, static and dynamic pupil functions, central macular thickness, and choroidal thickness. Results: Mean CCT was signifi cantly higher after timolol instillation in treated eyes (p=0.001). Timolol did not affect aqueous depth, anterior chamber volume, iridocorneal angle and horizontal anterior chamber diameter in treated eyes (p>0.05 for each). Mean pupil diameters were similar under scotopic, mesopic and photopic conditions before and after timolol instillation (p>0.05 for each); however, pupil dilation speed was signifi cantly lower after timolol instillation in the treated eyes (p<0.05). Mean central macular thickness was signifi cantly higher after timolol instillation in treated eyes (p=0.005); however, no signifi cant difference was observed in choroidal thickness (p>0.05). Pre- and post-instillation outcomes were similar in control eyes for all parameters (p>0.05 for each). Conclusion: Topical BAC-preserved timolol maleate reduces pupil dilation speed without any effect on static pupil functions and increases the CCT and central macular thickness.Öğe Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Childhood Open Eye Injuries in the South of Anatolia(2021) Cakmak, Ayse Idil; Kakaç, Ahmet; Khaleqı, Zikria; Cankurtaran, Veysel; Özcan, Sait Coşkun; Elbeyli, Ahmet; Çetin, ŞirinPurpose: The aim of this study is to determine the demographic, epidemiological and etiological characteristics of pediatric patients presented\rwith open eye injury (OEI).\rMaterials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of the children who presented with OEI to a tertiary eye care center\rbetween January, 2017 and July, 2019. The cases were stratified into two groups as preschool (2-5years) and school-age (6-16years) children.\rResults: The study included 39 eyes of 37 cases. The mean age was 7.38±4.01 years and male: female ratio was 1.85. The study included 22\reyes of 22 preschool and 17 eyes of 15 school-age children. It was seen that the most common OEIs were OEI by a sharp object (25 cases;\r64.1%), penetrating OEI (35 cases; 89,7%), zone I OEI (19 cases; 48.7%), corneoscleral OEI (19 cases; 48.7)) and small OEI (<5 mm in size)\r(18 cases;46,2%). Intraocular foreign body was detected in 5 cases (12.8%). No significant relationship was found between lens damage and\rcause of trauma (p=0.427); whereas there was a significant correlation between size of injury and retinal detachment (p<0.0001 for both). It was\rfound that there was bilateral OEI in 2 of 5 cases injured during the Syrian civil war and that 3 cases underwent evisceration.\rConclusion: Unlike the children who were seriously injured in the war environment, it was determined that children in peace environment were\rexposed to OEI with milder symptoms, mostly by preventable reasons. The results of this study show the severe effects of war on children; in\raddition, it may help to raise awareness and take first steps for prevention of OEI in children in peace.\rKeywords: Eye injuries, open-globe injury, trauma.Öğe Evaluation of static and dynamic pupil characteristics in hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia(Sage Publications Ltd, 2019) Yetkin, Esat; Tekin, Kemal; Kiziltoprak, Hasan; Sekeroglu, Mehmet Ali; Cankurtaran, Veysel; Yasar, Hakan HalitPurpose: The aim of this study is to perform a comparison of static and dynamic pupillometry measurements in patients with hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia and age-matched controls. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study consisted of 38 patients with hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia and 80 control subjects. A quantitative pupillometry system was used to evaluate the pupil characteristics of higher hyperopic eyes (Group 1), the fellow eyes (Group 2), and healthy eyes (Group 3). Static pupillometry measurements were taken including scotopic pupil diameter, mesopic pupil diameter, low-photopic pupil diameter, and high-photopic pupil diameter. Subsequently, dynamic pupillometry measurements were taken including resting diameter, amplitude of pupil contraction, latency of pupil contraction, duration of pupil contraction, velocity of pupil contraction, latency of pupil dilation, duration of pupil dilation, and velocity of pupil dilation. Results: Groups 1 and 2 had statistically significantly lower scotopic and high-photopic pupil diameter values compared with Group 3 (p < 0.05). The amplitude of pupil contraction values were also statistically significantly lower in Groups 1 and 2 compared with Group 3 (p = 0.001 and p = 0.003). However, there were no significant differences between the study and the control eyes with respect to mesopic and high-photopic pupil diameter, resting diameter, latency of pupil contraction, duration of pupil contraction, velocity of pupil contraction, latency of pupil dilation, duration of pupil dilation, and velocity of pupil dilation values (p > 0.05, for all). Conclusion: Static and dynamic pupil characteristics of higher hyperopic eyes and their fellow eyes are similar. This may support that amblyopia is not a monocular disorder, but can affect both eyes.Öğe Influence of visual acuity level on sexual function in patients with cataract(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2020) Cankurtaran, Veysel; Ozates, Serdar; Ozates, Melike Ezerbolat; Ozler, SerkanPurpose: To assess the association of sexual function with visual acuity. Methods: Patients were included in the mild to moderate visual impairment (MVI), severe visual impairment (SVI), and profound visual impairment (PVI) groups based on bilateral corrected distance visual acuity. All patients completed the Turkish version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) and Glombok-Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS) scales before and at 1 month after the cataract surgery. Results: Mean IIEF scores did not improve after cataract surgery in the MVI group (P > 0.05). Sexual desire, intercourse satisfaction, overall satisfaction, and total IIEF score were significantly improved after cataract surgery in both the SVI and PVI groups (P < 0.05). Mean GRISS subscale scores did not improve after cataract surgery in the MVI group (P > 0.05). Non-sensuality, avoidance, dissatisfaction, infrequency, noncommunication, and total GRISS score were significantly improved after cataract surgery in both the SVI and PVI groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The study results documented the association of low visual acuity and decreased sexual desire and satisfaction and revealed the beneficial effect of visual improvement.Öğe Katarakt cerrahisi sonrası retina dekolmanına neden olan risk faktörlerinin değerlendirilmesi(Mebas Medikal Basın Yayın San. ve Tic. Ltd. Şti., 2020) Cankurtaran, Veysel; Özateş,Serdar; Khalequı,ZikriaAmaç: Çalışmanın amacı katarakt cerrahisi geçirmiş hastalarda gelişen psödofakik retina dekolmanı risk faktörlerini değerlendirmektir.Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmamız retrospektif özellikte olup, çalışmaya 2010 ile 2018 yılları arasında katarakt cerrahisi uygulanan 212 hastanın 212 gözü dahil edilmiştir. Cerrahi sonrası retina dekolmanı gelişen 106 hasta retina dekolmanı grubuna dahil edildi. Retina dekolmanı grubundaki hastalarla aynı dönemde katarakt cerrahisi geçiren ve retina dekolmanı gelişmeyen 106 hasta, kontrol grubuna dahil edildi. Hastaların dosyaları taranarak cerrahi ve cerrahi sonrası komplikasyonlar, refraksiyon bozukluğu, aksiyel uzunluk ve hastalık öyküsü not edildi. Elde edilen veriler analiz edilerek risk faktörleri incelendi.Bulgular: Gruplar arasında ortalama yaş ve cinsiyet dağılımı açısından istatistiksel bir fark izlenmedi (p=0,213, p=0,192 sırasıyla).Psödofakik retina dekolmanı riskinin arka kapsül yırtığı olan gözlerde 5,5 kat, ön vitrektomi yapılan gözlerde 6,5 kat, künt travma hikayesi olan gözlerde 3,1 kat, diğer gözde retina dekolmanı hikayesi olan gözlerde 4,8 kat ve miyopik refraksiyon kusuru olan gözlerde 2,2kat daha fazla olduğu tespit edilmiştir (p<0,05). Aksiyel uzunluğun 26 mm’den büyük olmasının psödofakik retina dekolmanı riskini 4kat arttırdığı tespit edildi (p=0,013). Neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet lazer kapsülotomi uygulamasının retina dekolmanı gelişimine bir etkisinin olmadığı gözlenmiştir (p=0,853).Sonuç: Miyopik refraksiyon kusuru, arka kapsül yırtığı, ön vitrektomi, künt travma ve diğer gözde retina dekolmanı hikayesi kataraktcerrahisi sonrası retina dekolmanı gelişim riskini arttırmaktadır. Bu faktörlerin bulunduğu hastalar cerrahi sonrasında retina dekolmanı gelişim açısından daha dikkatle izlenmelidir.Öğe Optical coherence tomography angiography analysis of fabry disease(Springer, 2020) Cakmak, Ayse Idil; Atalay, Eray; Cankurtaran, Veysel; Yasar, Erdogan; Turgut, Faruk HilmiPurpose Fabry disease (FD) is characterized by a deficiency in alpha-galactosidase A activity that leads to the cumulative deposition of unmetabolized glycosphingolipids within organs, including the vascular endothelium and the eyes. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of FD on the retinal microvasculature, foveal avascular zone (FAZ), macular thickness and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A). Methods Twenty-five patients (14 female and 11 male; mean age 33.16 +/- 11.44) with genetically verified FD were compared with 37 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (mean age 32.36 +/- 15.54). The vessel density (VD) values of the superficial and deep capillary plexuses (SCP and DCP), the area of the FAZ, the density of radial peripapillary capillaries (RPC), the macular thickness and the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness were measured by OCT-A examination. Results The patients showed significantly lower VD values than controls in the foveal regions of both SCP and the DCP (21.15 +/- 5.56 vs. 23.79 +/- 4.64 (p = 0.048), 37.92 +/- 6.78 vs. 41.11 +/- 5.59 (p = 0.048), respectively). The FAZ was significantly larger in the FD group than in the control group (0.3 +/- 0.1 vs. 0.24 +/- 0.08 (p = 0.011)). No significant difference was identified in measurements of RPC density, peripapillary RNFL thickness or macular thickness between the two groups (p > 0.05 for all). Conclusion Decreased VD and an enlarged foveal avascular area suggest possible changes in the retinal microvasculature of patients with FD. OCT-A can serve as a useful, noninvasive, quantitative tool for diagnosing FD and monitoring its progression.Öğe Preeklampside Retinal Vasküler Sistemin Optik Koherens Tomografi Anjiyografi ile Değerlendirilmesi(2021) Cankurtaran, Veysel; Tekin, Kemal; İnanç, Merve; Dolapçıoğlu, Kenan SerdarAmaç: Çalışmada preeklampsinin, retinal vasküler sistem üze-rindeki etkis ini opt ik koherens tomografi anjiyograf i ile değerlendir-mek ve elde edilen verileri sağlıklı gebelerle ve gebe olmayan sağlıklı kadınlarla karşılaştırmak amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalış-maya preeeklampsi tanılı gebeler (18 kişi, Grup 1), sağlıklı gebeler (24 kişi, Grup 2) ve gebe olmayan sağlıklı kadın olgular (25 kişi, Grup 3) dâhil ed ilmiş tir. Tüm katılımcılara, optik koherens tomografi anji yo-grafi de dâhil kapsamlı bir oftalmolojik muayene yapılmış ve optik ko-herens tomografi anjiyografi parametreleri gruplar aras ında karşılaştırılmıştır. Bulgular: Her 3 grupta, ortalama yaş açısından ista-tistiksel anlamlı fark saptanmamıştır (p=0,755). Ortalama yüzeyel fo-veal vasküler dansite ve derin foveal vasküler dansite açısından, her 3 grup arasında istat istiksel anlamlı farklı lık saptanmıştır (sırasıyla p=0,001; p<0,001). Grup 1 ve Grup 2'deki hastalarda, ortalama yüze-yel foveal vasküler dansite ve derin foveal vasküler dansite Grup 3'teki olgulara kıyasla istatistiksel anlamlı düzeyde düşük olarak izlenmiştir (p<0,05). Grup 1 ve Grup 2'deki hastaların, iki li karşılaştırılmasında ise ortalama yüzeyel foveal vasküler dansitede anlamlı farklılık sap-tanmazken; ortalama derin foveal vasküler dansite Grup 1'de istatistik-sel anlamlı düzeyde düşük olarak bulunmuştur (sırasıyla p=0,626; p=0,015). Sonuç: Preeklampsinin, retinal vasküler sistem üzerinde an-lamlı etkilenmelere neden olduğu saptanmıştır.Öğe Retinal Microcirculation in Predicting Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients without Retinopathy(Karger, 2020) Cankurtaran, Veysel; Inanc, Merve; Tekin, Kemal; Turgut, FarukPurpose: To evaluate retinal thicknesses and retinal microcirculation in healthy controls and in diabetic patients with or without microalbuminuria. Methods: Eighty-six diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy (DR) (44 normoalbuminuric, 42 microalbuminuric) and 51 healthy controls were enrolled in this cross-sectional, prospective study. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) were performed. Correlations between OCTA parameters with mean urinary albumin levels were evaluated. Results: The mean vessel densities of superficial capillary plexus (SCP), whole disc, and peripapillary area were significantly decreased in patients with microalbuminuria compared to patients with normoalbuminuria and controls (p < 0.05 for all). The mean vessel density of deep capillary plexus was significantly reduced in patients with microalbuminuria compared to controls (p < 0.05 for all). There were no significant differences in retinal thickness between groups (p > 0.05). Both duration of diabetes and urinary albumin levels were significantly and moderately correlated with mean vessel density of whole SCP in diabetic patients (r = 0.330, p = 0.021; r = 0.356, p = 0.017, respectively). Conclusion: Diabetic eyes without clinically detectable DR show impaired retinal microcirculation. Microalbuminuria is associated with alterations of retinal microcirculation in diabetic patients without DR. Evaluation of retinal microcirculation is likely useful for detecting early changes related to microvascular complications in type 2 diabetic patients.Öğe Use of automated quantitative pupillometric evaluation for monitoring the severity of diabetic retinopathy(Consel Brasil Oftalmologia, 2021) Cankurtaran, Veysel; Ilhan, Cagri; Tekin, Kemal; Citirik, Mehmet; Dirican, Emre; Gurkan, ErenPurpose: We aimed to evaluate the use of automated quantitative static and dynamic pupillometry in screening patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and different stages of diabetic retinopathy. Method: 155 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (diabetes mellitus group) were included in this study and another 145 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals to serve as the control group. The diabetes mellitus group was divided into three subgroups: diabetes mellitus without diabetic retinopathy (No-diabetic retinopathy), nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy, and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Static and dynamic pupillometry were performed using a rotating Scheimpflug camera with a topography-based system. Results: In terms of pupil diameter in both static and dynamic pupillometry (p <0.05), statistically significant differences were observed between the diabetes mellitus and control groups and also between the subgroups No-diabetic retinopathy, nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy, and proliferative diabetic retinopathy subgroups. But it was noted that No-diabetic retinopathy and nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy groups have showed similarities in the findings derived from static pupillometry under mesopic and photopic conditions. The two groups also appeared similar at all points during the dynamic pupillometry (p>0.05). However, it could be concluded that the proliferative diabetic retinopathy group was significantly different from the rest of the subgroups, No-diabetic retinopathy and nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy groups, in terms of all the static pupillometry measurements (p<0.05). The average speed of dilation was also significantly different between the diabetes mellitus and control groups and among the diabetes mellitus subgroups (p<0.001). While weak to moderate significant correlations were found between all pupil diameters in static and dynamic pupillometry with the duration of diabetes mellitus (p<0.05 for all), the HbAlc values showed no statistically significant correlations with any of the investigated static and dynamic pupil diameters (p>0.05 for all). Conclusion: This study revealed that the measurements derived from automated pupillometry are altered in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The presence of nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy does not have a negative effect on pupillometry findings, but with proliferative diabetic retinopathy, significant alterations were observed. These results suggest that using automated quantitative pupillometry may be useful in verifying the severity of diabetic retinopathy.
