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    The effects of eccentric hamstring training on lower extremity strength and landing kinetics in recreational female athletes
    (Ios Press, 2013) Salci, Yasar; Yildirim, Ahmet; Celik, Ozgur; Ak, Emre; Kocak, Settar; Korkusuz, Feza
    Hamstring training involving eccentric loading is an important protective factor in hamstring injuries. However, the effect of this mode of training on lower extremity loading in landing maneuver performance is unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine variations in eccentric hamstring strength after 10-weeks training program and the possible changes in landing kinetics. Twenty five recreational female athletes were voluntarily assigned to the Nordic Hamstraing Strength Training (N = 13) or control groups (N = 12). The training group performed 10-weeks eccentric hamstring strength training program. Baseline measures of landing kinetics were collected using a force plate while strength data was evaluated using an isokinetic dynamometer. Results indicated that NHST group increased their eccentric hamstring strength (pre = 2.34 +/- 0.28, post = 2.57 +/- 0.25 Nm/kgbw; p < 0.05) after training program albeit without changes in the dynamic control ratio. There were also significant decreases in peak anterior-posterior ground reaction force (PAPGRF; pre = 1.14 +/- 0.21 BW, post = 0.85 +/- 0.27 BW; p < 0.05) and peak vertical ground reaction force (PVGRF; pre = 6.27 +/- 1.00 BW, post = 5.34 +/- 1.01 BW; p < 0.05) scores for NHST group. The present study supports the positive effect of eccentric hamstring strength in altering landing kinetics in order to decrease the applied forces.
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    Serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein accumulation decreases significantly after 12 weeks of running but not swimming and cycling training - A randomised controlled trial
    (Elsevier Science Bv, 2013) Celik, Ozgur; Salci, Yasar; Ak, Emre; Kalacı, Aydıner; Korkusuz, Feza
    Background: Acute effects of physical exercise on the deformational behaviour of articular cartilage and changes in cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) are definite. However, conclusive positive effects of fitness exercise on functional adaptation of articular cartilage have not been proved. Aim: Therefore, in this parallel-group randomised controlled trial, we tested the hypothesis that adequate amount of physical exercise with enough impact would be able to stimulate the functional behaviour of articular cartilage. Methods: We evaluated 44 healthy males for their physical-fitness levels and their blood samples were obtained before, immediately after and 0.5 h after a 30-min walking exercise. Thereafter, participants were assigned to the running, the cycling, the swimming and the control groups. At the end of 12 weeks of intervention, the same measurement procedures were applied. Mixed repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) design was used for statistics. (Level of evidence: 2). Results: Pre-test measurements showed that 30 min of walking significantly increased serum-COMP levels in all groups. The post-tests revealed that the COMP level of all groups, except running, showed an increase after a 30-min walking activity. Conclusion: Overall, it was concluded that, 12 weeks of regular, weight-bearing, high-impact physical exercise (i.e., running) decreases the deformational effect of walking activity. This finding is an evidence of functional adaptation of articular cartilage to specific environmental requirements. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.