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Öğe Applicability of the Demirjian method for dental assessment of southern Turkish children(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2014) Celik, Salih; Zeren, Cem; Celikel, Adnan; Yengil, Erhan; Altan, AhmetAge-related legal problems are especially common in underdeveloped parts of Turkey. In terms of civil and criminal law, the ages from 13 years to 18 years are critical in our country. Estimation of age is a very significant in aspect of accordance with laws. The aims of this study were to evaluate the applicability and accuracy of the Demirjian technique for assessing southern Turkish children; to analyze the sexual dimorphism of dental age in the studied groups; and to define the relationship between the dental age and the degree of mineralization in mandibular permanent tooth in southern Turkish children. This study was performed using panoramic radiographs from 932 healthy southern Turkish children, 444 girls and 488 boys aged between 4 and 18 years. Statistical evaluations were performed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) for Windows 13.0 software. The mean difference between dental and chronological age was calculated for each age and sex group. The paired t-test was used to compare all data. The chi-square test was used for between-group comparisons of categorical variables. Continuous variables were tested for normality using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Relationships between continuous variables were examined using Pearson's correlation coefficient. The same observer re-examined 700 teeth three months after the first examination. The results were evaluated with the intraclass correlation test and both measurements were statistically significantly similar with each other(R = 0.982, p = 0.0001). Dental age (DA) and chronological age (CA) were consistent for boys in the 16-16.9 age group and for girls in the 9-9.9 and 15-15.9 age groups. From this study, we can conclude that dental age varies across ethnic populations. Additionally, dental maturation varies across different regions of the same country. Because Demirjian's standards are not suitable for all age groups of southern Turkish children, a new table is necessary for evaluating this population. Future studies using multi-ethnic population data are needed to establish the international applicability of Demirjian's method. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd and Faculty of Forensic and Legal Medicine. All rights reserved.Öğe Childhood casualties during civil war: Syrian experience(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2015) Celikel, Adnan; Karbeyaz, Kenan; Kararslan, Bekir; Arslan, M. Mustafa; Zeren, CemIn war areas a lot of children die as well as adults. According to UNICEF, almost 2 million children have died in the wars took place in the last 10 years. In this study, we aimed to evaluate demographical data and injury characteristics of Syrian children who were wounded in Syria Civil War and died while being treated in Turkey. Postmortem examination and autopsy reports of 985 forensic deaths from Hatay -a Syrian neighborhood city of Turkey-between January 2012 and August 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. Among 763 Syrian people who were wounded in the war and died while being treated in Turkey, 140 cases (18.3%) who were younger than 18 years of age were taken into the scope of this study. Among those cases 77.9% (n = 109) were male and 22.1% were female. Median ages of female cases are 14 (min-max: 2-18) and median age of female cases are 9 (min-max: 1-18). Frequency distribution is highest between 13 and 18 years of age (n: 71, 50.7%). In 70% (n: 98) of cases, cause of death is bombing and shrapnel injuries, 13.6% (19) of them were killed by gunshot wounds. According to injury sites most of the injuries were reported to be on multiple body parts (54.3%, n: 76) and only head and neck injuries (%30). Cause of death was intracranial bleeding and cerebral parenchymal injury in most of the cases (n: 66, %47.1) followed by vascular damage with external bleeding (n: 15, %10.7) and internal organ damage with internal bleeding (n: 15, %10.7). The cases had very high level Abbreviated Injury Scales and Injury Severity Sores. In conclusion, a lot of children have died in the Civil War of Syria. Their average abbreviated injury scale and injury severity score values reported very high. Children that we evaluated were mostly died of head and neck injuries predominantly caused by bombing attacks and Autopsies of them revealed fatal intracranial hemorrhages and parenchymal injuries. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd and Faculty of Forensic and Legal Medicine. All rights reserved.Öğe Completed suicide among University student in Eskisehir, Turkey(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2016) Karbeyaz, Kenan; Toygar, Mehmet; Celikel, AdnanIntroduction: In this study student suicides are classified as a distinct group in Eskisehir-a city located in the western part of our country and famous as a student city. The study aims at describing demographic and suicide specification of cases and compare some important issues between males and females. Method: All the judicially deaths in Eskisehir in a 12 year period between 2004 and 2015 have been evaluated. 75 cases that were deemed as suicide cases as a result of criminal investigation have been included in the study. Results: It was determined that hanging method was the most frequently used method and the number of male was more. It was determined that the majority of them were the students living away from their families. Definite or possible psychiatric disorder was identified as the most important risk factor. It was observed that there were significant differences in terms of risk factors between male and female students. Males have been found as more prominent in case of definite or possible psychiatric disorders, alcohol and substance abuse, love and romantic tangles; females have been found as more prominent in case of family problems and social pressure, and repeated suicide attempts. Discussion: Compared to the general population love and romantic problems are more prevalent in this group. It is observed that university students left suicide notes more than the general population. Sharing this study with the university administrations could be helpful in undertaking the necessary precautions. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd and Faculty of Forensic and Legal Medicine. All rights reserved.Öğe The elder physical abuse reflected in judicial authorities in Eskisehir(Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2017) Karbeyaz, Kenan; Celikel, AdnanAim: Elder abuse is a health and human rights problem that may occur among every race and ethnic group all around the world. This study aims at describing all cases of physical abuse of elderly which have been reported to, and investigated by Eskisehir - a western city of Turkey. Methods: Physical abuse incidents above 65 years of age which were evaluated by the Eskisehir Council of Forensic Medicine for expert witness opinion during 5 year period between 01.01.2010 and 12.31.2014 are examined in this descriptive, cross-sectional study. Results: 253 cases are found and evaluated in the scope of the study. It is determined that all aggressors are the acquaintance of the victim, and for 114 cases (45.1%) the aggressor is the victim's son. It is found that only investigation procedures of cases are completed, but no protection and rehabilitation program has been issued. Conclusion: In conclusion, it is determined that elder victims are abused by family members and relatives who are mostly the care givers. It is seen that emergency physicians play a great role in the detection of abuse.Öğe Elderly suicide in Eskisehir, Turkey(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2017) Karbeyaz, Kenan; Celikel, Adnan; Emiral, Emrah; Emiral, Gulsum OzturkOld age should be examined separately from other stages of life in terms of ratio, method and motives for suicide. With some variation, epidemiological studies suggest suicides increase with age in virtually every society. This study examines demographic data (age, sex and marital status), and other factors related to 20-years (1997-2016) of completed elder suicides in Eskisehir, Turkey. The 74 cases of those 65 and over were evaluated with regard to method, tool and location of the suicide. Annual distributions illustrate gradual increases in this fatal self-harm over time. The vast majority of cases were male (74.3%), compared to female (25.6%). Elders in the 80-84 age range were most likely to kill themselves. Deaths were frequently caused by hanging, followed by other methods and took place in the home. Reasons associated with suicidal behavior included despair as a result of bereavement, mental illnesses, chronic physical conditions and living alone. The researchers cite potential prevention strategies through the use of early mental health treatment for elders, along with inclusion in social services and activities. (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier Ltd.Öğe EVALUATION OF THE DEATH CASES OCCURRED AS A RESULT OF INJURY DURING WAR(Carbone Editore, 2014) Karaarslan, Bekir; Uysal, Cem; Celikel, Adnan; Atan, Yusuf; Asildag, Mustafa Kenan; Tataroglu, Zekeriya; Dulger, Hikmet ErginAim: Injuries appeared on civilian deaths vary according to the weapon characteristics used. This study we aimed to describe and analyze demographic characteristics of the deceased cases, quantity and qualifications of the injuries, assessment of the autopsy findings in the light of the latest literature findings. Material and method: Examination and autopsy records of 352 judicial death cases who have been injured and died during the civil war in Syria between July 2012 and March 2013 were analyzed retrospectively. Result: The most injured body parts were determined as head & neck (29%, n:239), abdomen (17%, n:1489, chest (16%, n:140), respectively. It was detected that 41.1% (n:90) of the cases have died within the first 24 hours following the injury and the most common cause of death was brain tissue damage and cranial hemorrhage (38.6%, n:136). Abbreviated Injury Scale (MS) score was determined as >3 in 96% of the deceased and Injury Severity Scores (ISS) median was 39.62 +/- 23.48 (interval 4-75). Conclusion: In our study it was observed that quantity and qualification of the people injured in the war environment has a high prevalence. It was detected that death occurred earlier in the injuries by bullet.Öğe Hepatotoxicity of illegal home-made alcohols(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2016) Goekce, Hasan; Akcan, Ramazan; Celikel, Adnan; Zeren, Cem; Ortanca, Ibrahim; Demirkiran, SumeyraObjective and aim: : Alcohol-related hepatotoxicity is not only caused by excessive alcohol consumption but also caused and even accelerated by hepatotoxic ingredients other than ethanol. Concentrations of hepatotoxic substances might be significantly high, particularly in illegally produced home-made alcohols. In this study we aim to analyze the hepatotoxic effects of a home-made alcohol traditionally called bogma raki in Turkey. Materials and method: Fifty Wistar albino male rats were used. Five groups were randomly formed with ten animals in each. Besides laboratory diets, groups were fed as follows: Group 1 (control group) distilled water; Group 2 bogma raki with distilled water (% 44 (v/v), 9.2 ml/kg/day); Group 3 bogma raki with distilled water (% 44 (v/v), 9.2 ml/kg/day)+walnut (10 g/kg/day); Group 4 whisky with distilled water (% 40 (v/v), 9.2 ml/ kg/day); Group 5 distilled water + walnut (10 g/kg/day), for 28 days. The toxicological analysis of The spirits were analyzed using Hewlett-Packard (Palo Alto, CA) GC/MS system with HP 6890 gas chromatograph, an HP 5972 mass selective detector (MSD) and an HP 6890 automatic liquid sampler GC/MS; the pressure of the carrier gas helium was 6.0 bar and the split value with a ratio of 1: 100. The injection unit temperature set to 250 degrees C and MS quadrupole temperature set to 280 degrees C. The MS quadrupole detector ionization energy set to 70 eV. The initial column temperature was 60 degrees C (for 4 min) programmed by 6 degrees C/min to final temperature 160 degrees C and kept for 8 min at 160 degrees C. Utilized whisky and bogma raki samples were analyzed for the amounts of trans-anethole, ethanol, methanol, 1-propanolol, butanol, 2-butanol, 2-methyl-1-propanolol (isobutanol) and 3-methylbutanol (isoamyl alcohol). Histopathological changes in liver tissues were graded as follows; normal = 0 (<10%), mild = 1 (10% -40%), moderate = 2 (40%-70%), severe = 3 (above 70%). Results: Chemical composition of illegally produced raki sample (% v/v) was as follows: trans-anethole % 1.93, ethanol % 95.70, 2-methyl-1-propanolol (isobutanol) % 0.19, asetic acid % 0.25, 3-methylbutanol (isoamyl alcohol) % 0.77, and others % 1.16. Chemical composition of commercial whisky sample (% v/v) was as follows: ethanol % 97.72, 2-methyl- 1-propanolol (isobutanol) % 0.57, asetic acid % 0.23, 3-methylbutanol (isoamyl alcohol) % 1.28, and others % 0.2. No traces of trans-anethole were detected in whisky. Normal liver morphology was recorded in control and walnut groups. However, bogma raki caused significant congestion and inflammatory cell infiltration compared to control and walnut group. On the other hand, whisky administration caused mild degeneration including inflammation in a limited area. Conclusion: Obtained findings suggest that trans-anethole containing alcoholic beverages are more hepatotoxic compared to commercial alcoholic beverages. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd and Faculty of Forensic and Legal Medicine. All rights reserved.Öğe Increased drug seizures in Hatay, Turkey related to civil war in Syria(Elsevier Science Bv, 2015) Arslan, M. Mustafa; Zeren, Cem; Celikel, Adnan; Ortanca, Ibrahim; Demirkiran, Sumeyra[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Missed injuries in explosion-related deaths(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2016) Demirkiran, D. Sumeyra; Celikel, Adnan; Oruc, Cem; Demirkiran, Gokhan; Zeren, Cem; Arslan, M. MustafaIn this study we aim to compare clinical diagnoses and post-mortem diagnoses of explosion-related deaths and identify the unrevealed diagnoses missed by physicians. Forensic autopsy reports of three years between January 2012 and December 2014 were collected retrospectively and 277 explosion-related deaths are included in the study. Out of 277 cases, 245 (88.4%) of them are male and 32 (11.6%) of them are female. The mean age is 27.8years. The mean injury severity score is 37.8 +/- 14.54.90 and 32.5% of the cases died in the first 24h after getting injured. The most frequent injury is head injury (39.0%) and the second most frequent is injuries to multiple body regions (27.8%). Of eight cases of lower extremity injuries, six were found to have injuries of large vessels in post-mortem examinations. Our conclusion is that injury severity scores in cases of explosion-related injuries are higher than those in cases of general trauma. The frequency of missed diagnoses is higher in cases of vessel injuries and multiple injuries. It can be thought that small but lethal lesions can be overlooked when a major trauma is dealt with. In addition, injuries of the internal organs due to blast effects without any macroscopic examination findings can be misleading for physicians.
