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    Defining suitable areas for bioclimatic comfort for landscape planning and landscape management in Hatay, Turkey
    (Springer Wien, 2020) Adiguzel, Fatih; Cetin, Mehmet; Kaya, Efdal; Simsek, Mesut; Gungor, Senay; Bozdogan Sert, Elif
    This study is based on an area in Hatay, Turkey, and involves examining all weather and climate-related data that can be used to determine its suitability for the bioclimatic comfort. It attempts to explain bioclimatic comfort and describes in detail all the variables that make this contemporary concept and why it is important from a landscape architecture planning point of view. According to Koppen climate classification, the general climate character of the study area is classified as medium-altitude, warm summer, and climate type with mild or winters with Csa-Csb letters. As the area is very large in terms of total area, the findings were different across the whole area; which means that some parts were bioclimatic-comfort-friendly and other parts were not to varying degrees. June is the month in which suitable areas cover the province's largest area. Because temperatures have reached a suitable level in terms of climatic comfort, humidity and wind speed have increased. In climatic map result, it shows that Hatay is the highest region area with high altitudes of regions in the center. The examination for thermal comfort took place for months. Hatay's results show that it serves as a helper in future planning of landscape: planning that brings the comfort of bioclimatic to the level of highest and that helps determine new region settlement in Hatay. The study finally proposes that it paves the way for future researches and studies to ultimately standardize bioclimatic comfort in landscape architecture and urban planning that allows achieving the optimal planning objectives in all aspects.
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    Determining the relationships between climatic elements and thermal comfort and tourism activities using the tourism climate index for urban planning: a case study of Izmir Province Tourism climate index for urban planning
    (Springer Wien, 2022) Adiguzel, Fatih; Sert, Elif Bozdogan; Dinc, Yucel; Cetin, Mehmet; Gungor, Senay; Yuka, Pakize; Dogan, Ozlem Sertkaya
    The tourism climate index of local and international tourists, especially in summer, is determined using the thermal comfort relationship in the province of Izmir. The aim is to reveal the most suitable time and the most suitable area for tourism activities in Izmir Province. The temperature (maximum, minimum, and average) of 1960-2019, the relative humidity (minimum and average) from 39 meteorology stations, the precipitation (total and average), the sunshine duration (total), and the wind speed (average) data were studied and evaluated. The data obtained were arranged and transferred to the GIS (geographic information systems) environment. The inverse weighted average method-one of the interpolation methods-was used to estimate unknown points with the help of known points in the study area. The tourism climate index was used to determine the climatic comfort conditions of the province in terms of tourism to assess the effect of the climatic conditions on tourism. The tourism-based climatic comfort map of Izmir Province, which was obtained by using the average temperature, relative humidity, total rainfall, and wind data, was presented in 7 categories: unfavorable, marginal, acceptable, good, very good, excellent, and ideal. The variety of tourism activities that could be done in these months also increased the importance of this period. The results obtained in this study are important in terms of developing the tourism strategy of Izmir Province. Making tourism-based climatic comfort conditions for all provinces that are important in terms of tourism will make a significant contribution to the tourism strategy of our country.
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    Effect of the surface temperature of surface materials on thermal comfort: a case study of Iskenderun (Hatay, Turkey)
    (Springer Wien, 2021) Bozdogan Sert, Elif; Kaya, Efdal; Adiguzel, Fatih; Cetin, Mehmet; Gungor, Senay; Zeren Cetin, Ilknur; Dinc, Yucel
    As a result of urbanization that started with the industrial revolution, high temperatures caused by surface materials in built areas cause the formation of urban heat islands. This situation adversely affects the livability of cities due to the thermal comfort or lack thereof. The surface temperatures of these widely used materials in a park located in the urban area of Iskenderun (Hatay, Turkey) were assessed in this study. The study was conducted in 3 stages in July 2019, one of the hottest months of the year in Iskenderun Community Park (the largest park on the borders of Iskenderun). The city itself is a coastal city with a Mediterranean climate. In the first stage, studies related to the subject were reviewed, and the points to be measured in the area were determined. It was taken into account that the measured points represented different surfaces in the park. In the second stage, the surface temperatures were measured 5 times in total during July using an infrared thermometer (TFA-ScanTemp330) from 12:00-13:00 with 3 repetitions from a height of 150 cm above the surface level. In the third stage, the data obtained was evaluated. The results of this study highlight the importance of the selection of surface materials in the development of healthy and livable cities. In regions where the Mediterranean climate prevails, the importance of increasing the presence of water bodies, grass areas, and plants (trees, bushes, and groundcover) due to their vital roles in reducing urban heat islands and increasing thermal comfort cannot be stressed enough.
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    GIS based daily tourism route proposal for surrounding provinces and districts from Ankara's Çankaya district (Turkey)
    (Springer, 2024) Gungor, Senay; Sucu, Fatih; Dinc, Yucel; Cetin, Mehmet; Adiguzel, Asli Deniz
    With the dynamic evolution of the tourism sector, a multitude of shifts in tourism activities and traveler motivations have transpired. These changes, spurred by technological advancements, economic fluctuations, and geopolitical developments due to heightened global competition, have introduced a fresh dimension to tourism dynamics. Significantly, the strategic creation of new tourism itineraries has become pivotal, given the tourism sector's integral role in city branding. In this study, the focal point was the & Ccedil;ankaya district within the Ankara province, deemed a central reference. Positioned at the heart of Turkey, Ankara province boasts the second-largest population according to TUIK (2020) data. Within this province, & Ccedil;ankaya district stands as the most densely populated, rendering it the designated study area. In & Ccedil;ankaya, which is one of the most heavily employed areas by public workers in Turkey, strategically positioned and with high population potential, the tourism planning of day trips, especially on weekends, is crucial to be conducted within the framework of time-distance savings. Without such planning, it might be challenging to achieve an efficient travel organization, especially for tourists who allocate fewer resources to travel planning in recent years, have limited time, and are selective about tourism destinations. In line with the research problem, the aim of the study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of tourism accessibility, using the example of & Ccedil;ankaya district in Ankara, and to visualize the results of the analysis within a quantitative methodology framework to present concrete outputs. The more specific objective of this study is to determine a tourism route that allows tourists to reach important tourist attractions in the shortest and most convenient routes within the framework of time-distance savings, with a maximum travel time of 3 h in the research area. The expected scientific contributions from the objectives are as follows: contributing to transportation optimization related to tourism, bringing attention to historical, natural, and cultural places within the determined tourism route that are still undiscovered, less known, or not evaluated as individual tourism destinations, providing valuable information to destination managers, raising awareness about tourism opportunities in each destination, and contributing economically to the region. Employing a quantitative methodology, the study hinged on time-based road matrix analysis, facilitated by Geographical Information Systems, to chart routes from & Ccedil;ankaya district to surrounding districts. During this analysis, preference was given to routes with gentle curves, mitigating negative impacts on vehicle speed compared to more convoluted alternatives. Subsequently, leveraging 21 distinct types of tourism attractions, tourism sites feasible for visits within 1, 2, and 3-h intervals were pinpointed. At the study's culmination, an assemblage of 841 daily tourist destinations in and around Ankara were meticulously delineated and cartographically depicted using MapInfo Pro 2019.3 version. This endeavor underscores a concerted effort to offer tourists, both local and beyond, a well-crafted roadmap to explore and relish the plethora of cultural, historical, and natural treasures that Ankara and its neighboring regions have to offer.
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    Heavy metal accumulation in rosemary leaves and stems exposed to traffic-related pollution near Adana-Iskenderun Highway (Hatay, Turkey)
    (Springer, 2019) Sert, Elif Bozdogan; Turkmen, Musa; Cetin, Mehmet
    Pollution has become a problem on a global scale and poses a significant risk in terms of human health and natural ecosystems. Generally, the biggest sources of pollution are municipal and industrial facilities. However, traffic-related air pollution cannot be overlooked as a dangerous source either. There have been various methods of interventions to measure and reduce the risk and effects of traffic-related pollution. In the case of measuring, the use of certain plant species that can accumulate pollutants in their tissues is considered a practical solution. In this study, the aim is to find out the metals that are accumulated in rosemary leaves and stems and the rosemary leaves. In other words, the leaves and the stems are to be used as a biomonitors to reveal the rate of metal pollution along the highway. We try to identify the accumulation ability of traffic-related heavy metals (Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) of the Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) which is used in the refuge and slopes along the highway connecting Adana with Iskenderun (Hatay). Our findings concluded that the rosemary could have a decent capacity to accumulate Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn in both leaves and stem. We therefore believe that R. officinalis is a great tool in determining the amount of traffic-related pollution in urban areas.