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    Gelling agents and culture vessels affect in vitro multiplication of banana plantlets
    (Funpec-Editora, 2010) Kacar, Y. A.; Bicen, B.; Varol, I.; Mendi, Y. Y.; Serce, S.; Cetiner, S.
    Agar is the most commonly used gelling agent in media for plant tissue culture. Because of the high price of tissue-culture-grade agar, attempts have been made to identify suitable alternatives. The type of culture vessel and lid also affects the gaseous composition inside the vessel as well as light penetration. In turn, the vessel affects growth parameters, such as shoot elongation, proliferation and fresh weight, as well as hyper-hydric degradation processes. We examined the effects of different culture vessels, including commercial glass jars, magenta boxes, and disposable containers, as well as different gelling agents (agar-agar, Agargel, Phytagel, and plant agar) on the micropropagation of Dwarf Cavendish bananas in an effort to find a combination that yields large numbers of high-quality seedlings. The different culture vessels did not significantly affect seedling culture success. The medium significantly affected shoot weight. Phytagel resulted in the highest shoot weight (overall mean = 2.4 g), while agar, Agargel and plant agar resulted in 1.7, 2.2 and 2.2 g, respectively. Disposable container/Phytagel and Magenta/Agargel combinations yielded the highest shoot weights (2.9 and 3.0 g, respectively). Mean shoot length increased progressively with subculture (four subcultures were made). The highest mean shoot length was obtained with Phytagel and Agargel media (6.4 and 6.3 cm, respectively). Shoot number was significantly affected by medium only at subculture 4. Overall, the highest mean shoot length was obtained with the Magenta/Agargel combination (8.5 cm). Phytagel and plant agar gave higher mean shoot number than agar and Agargel (2.1, 2.1 and 1.7 and 1.9, respectively). The costs of the media and of the culture vessels need to be taken into account for final choice of the banana shoot culture system.
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    A novel pathway for rapid shoot regeneration from the proximal zone of the hypocotyl of melon (Cucumis melo L.)
    (Society for In Vitro Biology, 2002) Curuk, S.; Elman, C.; Schlarman, E.; Sagee, O.; Shomer, I.; Cetiner, S.; Gray, D.J.
    Hypocotyl explants of melon (Cucumis melo L.) are capable of regenerating multiple shoots on Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium, augmented with 4.4 ?M benzyladenine. Regeneration from the hypocotyl is much more rapid than the more commonly reported regeneration from cotyledonary explants, producing shoots within 2 wk compared to more than a month required for cotyledon explants. The rapid regeneration response depends on the presence of a fragment of the cotyledon remaining attached to the hypocotyl. Controls were performed to ensure that the regeneration was not due to the presence of the shoot apical bud of the melon seedling after explant production. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that microsurgery to remove the apical bud left no excess bud material. Regeneration from the proximal part of the hypocotyl was due to production of a new shoot apical meristem, observed by histology. The apical meristem can be produced before leaf primordia in regeneration from the hypocotyl, in contrast to the regeneration process from the melon cotyledon.
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    A randomized controlled study evaluating the effects of the temperature of insufflated CO2 on core body temperature and blood gases (an experimental study)
    (Springer, 2007) Bashirov, E.; Cetiner, S.; Emre, M.; Seydaliyeva, T.; Alic, V.; Daglioglu, K.; Ozalevli, M.
    Background: Heated carbon dioxide (CO2) was used for pneumoperitoneum (Pp) to prevent hypothermia. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the temperature of the insuffated CO2 and blood gases together with the core body temperature (CBT). Methods: A prospective controlled study was performed with 24 pigs weighing approximately 20 kg randomized into four groups of 6 pigs each. A pneumoperitoneum at 12 mmHg of pressure was applied for 60 min with the pig under general anesthesia. The CO2 temperature was 22 degrees C in group 1, 37 degrees C in group 2, and 7 degrees C in group 3. In the sham'' group, pneumoperitoneum was not applied. Arterial blood pH and partial pressure of CO2 (PaCO2) were analyzed before insuffation, every 15 min during the pneumoperitoneum, and 15 min after the desuffation. The CBT was recorded before the insuffation, every 20 min during pneumoperitoneum, and 20 min after the desuffation. Blood gas analyses and CBT records for the sham'' group were performed at the same intervals. Results: Arterial blood pH gradually decreased during pneumoperitoneum. At the 60th minute of pneumoperitoneum, a minimum decrease in arterial blood pH (0.04; p = 0.027) and a minimum increase in PaCO2 (3.67; p = 0.027) were recorded in group 3, whereas a maximum decrease in arterial blood pH (0.18; p = 0.027) and a maximum increase in PaCO2 (17.17; p = 0.027) were recorded in group 2. There was a significant negative correlation between PaCO2 and arterial blood pH in all the groups (r = -0.993; p < 0.01). The mean values of CBT decreases were statistically significant in all the groups: group 1 (p = 0.023), group 2 (p = 0.026), group 3 (p = 0.026), and sham'' group (p = 0.024). Conclusions: The changes in PaCO2 were directly proportional and the changes in pH contrarily proportional to the temperature of the insuffated CO2. Significant differences in CBT decreases were found between the groups receiving heated gas and room temperature gas and the groups receiving heated gas and gas below room temperature.