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    Effects of Intravenous Anesthetics on Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2009) Yuzer, Husamettin; Yuzbasioglu, Mehmet Fatih; Ciralik, Harun; Kurutas, Ergul Belge; Ozkan, Orhan Veli; Bulbuloglu, Ertan; Atli, Yalcm
    Background. Renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced tubular epithelial cell injury, called ischemic acute renal failure, is associated with high mortality in humans. Protecting the kidney against I/R injury is very important during complicated renal operations, transplantation surgery, and anesthesia. Aim. The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the efficiency of ketamine, thiopental, propofol, etomidate, and intralipid in reducing the injury induced by free radicals in a rat model of renal I/R. Method. Forty-two Wistar rats were divided into seven groups in our study. Rats in the sham group underwent laparotomy and waited for 120 minutes (min) without ischemia. Rats in the control group were given nothing with ischemia-reperfusion. Rats in the I/R groups were given ketamine (20 mg/kg), thiopental (20 mg/kg) propofol (25 mg/kg), etomidate (10 mg/kg) and 10% intralipid (250 mg/kg) intraperitoneally 15 min prior to the ischemia for 60 min, followed by reperfusion for 60 min. The blood samples and kidney tissues of the rats were obtained under anesthesia at the end of the reperfusion period. Biochemical malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatine (Cr), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were determined, and histopathological analysis was performed with these samples. Results. MDA level was increased significantly in the control group (p 0.05). Histopathological findings of the control group confirmed that there was renal impairment by tubular cell swelling, interstitial edema, medullary congestion, and tubular dilatation. MDA levels were lower in the ketamine, thiopental, and propofol groups compared to the control group (p 0.05). In the thiopental and propofol groups, the levels of histopathological scores were significantly lower than control and etomidate groups in ischemia-reperfusion. Conclusion. Our results demonstrated that I/R injury was significantly reduced in the presence of propofol and thiopental. The protective effects of these drugs may belong to their antioxidant properties. These results may indicate that propofol and thiopental anesthesia protects against functional, biochemical, and morphological damage better than control in renal I/R injury.
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    Re-Protective Effects of Pre- and Post-Laparoscopy Conditioning, Zinc, Pentoxifylline, and N-acetylcysteine in an Animal Model of Laparoscopy-Induced Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury of the Kidney
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2009) Oksuz, Hafize; Bulbuloglu, Ertan; Senoglu, Nimet; Ciralik, Harun; Yuzbasioglu, M. Fatih; Kilinc, Metin; Dogan, Zafer
    Background. Pneumoperitoneum (P) created to facilitate laparoscopy (L) is associated with splanchnic hypoperfusion, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, and oxidative stress. Aim. This study investigated the effects of pre- and post-laparoscopic conditioning, zinc, pentoxifylline (PTX), and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on markers of I/R injury in an animal model. Methods. Sprague-Dawley male rats (n = 56, weight range 300-350 g) were randomly placed in one of seven treatment groups. Except for group C (control group who underwent a sham operation without pneumoperitoneum), pneumoperitoneum was created in all using CO2 insufflation under a pressure of 15 mmHg. Group L (laparoscopy) was subjected to 60 min of pneumoperitoneum. Group Lpre (laparoscopic preconditioning plus laparoscopy) was subjected to 5 min of insufflation and 5 min of desufflation followed by 60 min of pneumoperitoneum. Group Lpost (laparoscopy plus laparoscopic post-conditioning) was subjected to 60 min of pneumoperitoneum and 60 min of desufflation followed by 5 min of insufflation and 5 min of desufflation. The laparoscopy plus zinc (LZ), PTX (LP), and NAC (LNAC) groups received a single intraperitoneal injection of zinc (50 mg/kg), pentoxifylline (50 mg/kg), or N-acetylcysteine (150 mg/kg) 5 min before the desufflation period. Animals were sacrificed at the end of the experiments, and kidney samples were tested for malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Results. MDA levels, as an indicator of oxidative stress in kidney tissue samples, were significantly higher in all pneumoperitoneum groups compared to Group C, except for Group Lpre. The pattern of change in tissue levels of SOD, GPX, and catalase was variable in the different treatment groups. Conclusions. In this animal model of renal ischemia/reperfusion injury, laparoscopy caused renal ischemia as evidenced by elevated markers of tissue ischemia-reperfusion injury. This effect was significantly attenuated by post-laparoscopy conditioning, zinc, pentoxifylline, and N-acetylcysteine, but not by pre-laparoscopy conditioning.
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    Resveratrol, a Natural Antioxidant, Attenuates Intestinal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats
    (Tohoku Univ Medical Press, 2009) Ozkan, Orhan Veli; Yuzbasioglu, Mehmet Fatih; Ciralik, Harun; Kurutas, Ergul Beige; Yonden, Zafer; Aydin, Mehmet; Bulbuloglu, Ertan
    The intestine is highly susceptible to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Splanchnic ischemia is the initial event that releases injurious factors, leading to systemic disorders with high morbidity and mortality. Oxidative stress mediators are believed to contribute to the intestinal I/R injury. Resveratrol, a polyphenol found in grapes, is shown to be a strong antioxidant in various tissues, with a property of an estrogen-receptor agonist. Therefore, we investigated the effects of resveratrol on oxidative injury in the intestine. Female Wistar rats were randomly allocated into four groups (n = 8, each). The sham group was only subjected to surgical procedures, while other animals were subjected to intestinal ischemia (60 min) and subsequent reperfusion (60 min). One group received resveratrol (15 mg/kg, 0.3 ml/day intraperitoneally) for both 5 days before surgery and 15 min before ischemia, while the other was treated intraperitoneally with 0.5% ethyl alcohol as vehicle (0.3 ml/day). In the I/R rat intestines, we detected severe tissure injuries (p < 0.001), the significant increases in the tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) (p < 0.001), and the decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (p < 0.001), compared to the sham control. Resveratrol significantly ameliorated the intestinal injury, decreased MDA, NO and MPO levels to the sham control levels, and decreased bacterial translocation in mesentery lymp nodes, liver and spleen (p < 0.001). Resveratrol also restored the SOD activity. These results suggest that resveratrol could protect intestinal tissue against I/R injury with its potent antioxidant properties.