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    Association between metabolic indicators and clinical endometritis during the transition period in Brown Swiss cows
    (Polish Soc Veterinary Sciences Editorial Office, 2021) Yazlik, Murat Onur; Colakoglu, Hatice Esra; Pekcan, Mert; Kaya, Ufuk; Kurt, Serdal; Kuplulu, Sukru; Kacar, Cihan
    The objective of the current study was to evaluate the relationship between the serum macromineral, metabolite profiles, and the clinical endometritis during the transition period in Brown Swiss dairy cows. Sixty Brown Swiss dairy cows were used in the present study. Blood samples collected at d 10 (+/- 4) antepartum and 3, 10 and 30 (+/- 4) days in milk (DIM) to determine calcium (Ca), phosphorus, glucose, cholesterol, non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels. Beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHB) concentration measured during the postpartum period. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were used to determine the cow-level thresholds for the subsequent development of clinical endometritis. In addition, pairwise comparisons were made of the area under the curve (AUC) of ROC curves for the thresholds of NEFA, Ca, and glucose predicting clinical endometritis. The mean Ca concentration at 3 DIM was 8.85 +/- 0.20 mg/dL in healthy cows compared to 8.30 +/- 0.22 mg/dL in cows that subsequently developed endometritis (P < 0.05). NEFA concentrations at 10 DIM and BHB concentration at 10 and 30 +/- 4 DIM were higher (P < 0.05) in cows that subsequently developed endometritis. Serum NEFA concentration at 10 days postpartum is the best predictor for diagnosis of clinical endometritis with the AUC values of 0.741. The cows with clinical endometritis also had significantly higher values of glucose at 3 DIM and lower BCS at 10 DIM (P < 0.05). While 58.6% of the cows that developed clinical endometritis were cyclic, 64.5% were cyclic in healthy cows at 30 +/- 4 DIM. Serum NEFA concentration was the only risk factor for clinical endometritis at 10 DIM. In addition, a decrease in serum Ca at 3 DIM and increase in NEFA and BHB concentrations at 10 and 30 +/- 4 DIM may be associated with clinical endometritis and delayed resumption activity on the ovaries.
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    Effects of injectable trace element and vitamin supplementation during the gestational, peri-parturient, or early lactational periods on neutrophil functions and pregnancy rate in dairy cows
    (Elsevier, 2021) Yazlik, Murat Onur; Colakoglu, Hatice Esra; Pekcan, Mert; Kaya, Ufuk; Kuplulu, Sukru; Kacar, Cihan; Polat, Mert
    The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of injectable trace element and vitamin combination on phagocytic, oxidative burst activity of neutrophils and reproductive outcomes in dairy cows. Cows were to assigned to the following groups: (1) injectable trace element supplementation (ITES, n = 44, containing zinc, manganese, copper, selenium); (2) injectable vitamin supplementation (VIT, n = 48, containing vitamins A, D-3, E); (3) ITES + VIT = 46); and (4) control (CON, n = 44). Cows were administered four injections between 230 and 260 days of the gestational period, on day of parturition, and 30 days postpartum. Neutrophil function was assessed at 10 days before and after calving. Phagocytosis was greater in cows of the ITES + VIT group at 10 days prepartum (P < 0.05) while oxidative burst was similar among groups. There were greater non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations in cows of the ITES+VIT group at 10 days prepartum (P < 0.05). Cows supplemented with ITES+ VIT had less SOD activity than those supplemented with ITES or vitamin during the pre- to post-partum transition period (P < 0.05). The total odds of pregnancy were greater in cows supplemented with trace element and/or vitamin (P < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation of ITES and/or VIT resulted in an increased total pregnancy rate. Vitamin or trace element supplementation did not differ with the control group in both the prepartum and postpartum period for immune variables. There, however, was greater phagocytosis in cows supplemented with vitamin and trace elements during the prepartum period that might be related to metabolic-induced inflammation.
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    Effects of vitamin B1, vitamin E and selenium on pregnancy and blood metabolites profile during non-breeding season and early prediction of pregnancy by thermographic monitoring in Merino ewes
    (Indian Counc Agricultural Res, 2020) Yazlik, Murat Onur; Olgac, Kemal Tuna; Colakoglu, Hatice Esra; Kaya, Ufuk; Yildirim, Merve Menekse; Bas, Bulent
    The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of injectable selenium, vitamin E and vitamin B compounds on serum metabolic profile and pregnancy rates (PR) during the non-breeding season in Merino ewes that were synchronized with progesterone and equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG). Thermographic monitoring of ewes on the last day of synchronization was successful in the early selection of ewes to be used in artificial insemination and its relationship with pregnancy outcomes. Cyclic and non-pregnant ewes (n=75) were randomly assigned to treatment (n=30) and control (n=45) groups. All animals were synchronized using PGF(2)alpha at day 0. progesterone impregnated intravaginal sponges for 14 days, eCG 48 h before sponge withdrawal and artificial insemination were carried out 43-45 h after sponge removal. Animals of treatment group (n=30) were administered (intramuscularly) with 1 mg sodium selenite, 60 mg vitamin E and 40 mg vitamin B-1 on two occasions, at the beginning of sponge insertion and following sponge removal. Blood samples were collected at sponge insertion and removal. Perianal and perivulvar areas were considered to evaluate the thermal pattern at day 0 and 14 using a thermo camera. Overall, 90.6% of ewes exhibited estrus in response to the synchronization protocol. Ewes of treatment group showed greater PR as compared to that of control group (70.3% vs 56%). Perivulvar temperature was influenced by time only. At the time of sponge removal, perivulvar temperatures were significantly lower in pregnant ewes than in non-pregnant animals. In conclusion, injectable selenium, vitamin E and vitamin B-1 compounds increased PR after synchronization protocol and thermographic evaluation that was performed on the last day of synchronization could be used for very early prediction of pregnancy.
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    The evaluation of SIRS status with hemato-biochemical indices in bitches affected from pyometra and the Usefulness of these indices as a potential diagnostic tool
    (Elsevier Science Inc, 2022) Yazlik, Murat Onur; Mutluer, Ipek; Yildirim, Mehmet; Kaya, Ufuk; Colakoglu, Hatice Esra; Vural, Mehmet Rifat
    The aims of this study were to establish a cut-off point by evaluating the usability of the hemato-biochemical indices to determine the severity of inflammation caused by pyometra, and to determine the practical usage of the indices as a diagnostic biomarker in cases of pyometra. Animals that were admitted to Ankara University Veterinary Faculty Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic were included in the present study. Dogs suffering from pyometra were allocated to two groups according to their SIRS status (SIRS, n = 12; Non-SIRS (NSIRS, n = 16)). Healthy dogs presented for routine ovariohysterectomy were used as the control (n = 13). Blood samples were collected into two tubes containing EDTA for hema-tological analysis and without anticoagulant for biochemical tests before the beginning of treatment. Hemato-biochemical indices, which are Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Monocyte-Lymphocyte Ratio (MLR), Neutrophil Percentage-Albumin Ratio (NPAR), Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratio and Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index, were calculated. All data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of the SPSS. Receiver operating characteristics curves were used to determine the dog level threshold for evaluating the SIRS status and used to determine a predicted threshold with hemato-biochemical indices for differentiation between dogs with pyometra (regardless of SIRS status) and the control. Pairwise comparisons were carried out of the area under the curve (AUC) for thresholds of SII, NLR, PLR, MLR, NPAR. White blood cells, lymphocytes, monocyte, neutrophil, ALP, NLR, MLR, and NPAR levels were greater in dogs that suffer from SIRS (P < 0.05). Red blood cells and hematocrit levels were significantly higher in the control group (P < 0.05). Albumin levels were higher in the control group (P < 0.05). Moreover, NLR, MLR and NPAR levels were found to be significantly higher in the SIRS group (P < 0.05). Besides, NLR and MLR were the best predictors for diagnosis of the SIRS with the AUC values of 0.936, and 0.966 respectively. Furthermore, NLR, MLR and SII could be a useful diagnostic tool for pyometra with the AUC values of 0.955, 0.931, 0.716. The blood indices could be used as fast, easily accessible, and inexpensive markers for the evaluation of the SIRS status in dogs with pyometra together with diagnosis.(c) 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    The role of nutritional-immunological indices in estimating serum LPS and antioxidant enzyme activity and sepsis status in female dogs with pyometra caused by E. coli
    (Elsevier, 2023) Yazlik, Murat Onur; Mutluer, Ipek; Kaya, Ufuk; Ozkan, Huseyin; Mustak, Inci Basak; Colakoglu, Hatice Esra; Altinbas, Yunus Furkan
    The aim of this study was to diagnose pyometra and related sepsis status using cost-effective nutritional-immunological indices, antioxidants, and toxin levels in dogs and to investigate the utility of the indices in predicting toxin and antioxidant status. A total of 29 dogs were enrolled into the present study. Among these, 9 female dogs in their diestrus stages, were allocated for elective ovariohysterectomy. The pyometra group was also separated into two subgroups as Sepsis (+) and Sepsis (-). Blood samples were collected into two tubes containing EDTA for hematological analysis; without anticoagulant for serum progesterone, LPS concentration, and antioxidant levels at the time of diagnosis. Bacteriological and tissue samples of the uterus were collected after the ovariohysterectomy. Antioxidant activity, progesterone, and toxin concentration were determined by using commercial ELISA kits. Statistical analyses were performed using Stata version 16.1 and MedCalc 16 statistical software. Receiver operating characteristics curves were used for the threshold for evaluating pyometra and sepsis status. Pairwise comparisons were carried out of the area under the curve (AUC) for thresholds of nutritional immunologic indices (hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, platelet (HALP) score; prognostic nutritional index (PNI); Albumin hemoglobin index (AHI)), serum LPS and antioxidant activity. Linear regression model was used for the estimation of serum LPS and antioxidant activity by using indices. Mean serum progesterone, LPS concentrations, and Nitric Oxide (NO) production were greater, while serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), tissue SOD, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were lower in dogs with pyometra. All nutritional-immunologic indices were lower in pyometra cases. Nutritional-immunologic indices (AUC of HALP:0.759; PNI:0.981; AHI 0.994), NO (AUC: 0.787) and SOD (AUC: 0.784) levels were useful for pyometra diagnosis. AHI and LPS were useful for the determination of sepsis status with the AUC values of 0.850 and 0.740, respectively. While AHI was useful for the estimation of serum LPS and NO concentration (p < 0.001), PNI was useful for serum SOD concentration (p = 0.003). In conclusion, PNI, HALP and AHI can be used in the diagnosis of pyometra, however, only AHI and LPS levels can be used in the diagnosis of sepsis. SOD and NO can be used to determine pyometra but have no effect on determining sepsis status. Additionally, the estimation of the levels of serum LPS, NO, and SOD activities can be done using the AHI and PNI values.