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    Characterization of normal and mastitic milks using Raman Spectroscopy by application of SERS method
    (Hellenic Veterinary Medical Soc, 2024) Acikgoz, G.; Coskun, P.; Ergun, Y.; Baspinar, N.; Kazak, F.
    Rapid, non-destructive analysis of the milk by Raman Spectroscopy is used in different analyses and has enabled the determination of biological samples without using additional chemicals. In the study, it is aimed to investigate the molecular structures of normal and mastitic milks using Raman spectroscopy by application of Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) method and this study is the first study done for this purpose. In the study, the presence or absence of functional groups of the spectra obtained from the milk samples was compared with the reference spectra in other studies. It was observed that the peaks obtained from the biochemical structures of normal and mastitic milks were consistent with the literature. In addition, it was found that the biochemical components (such as fat, proteins, carbohydrates and minerals) of subclinical mastitis and normal milk did not change at the molecular level. It was thought that there was no change at the molecular level as there was no visible deterioration in the milk with subclinical mastitis and the factor caused by the infection in the breast tissue.
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    Oxidative Stress and Acute-Phase Response Status During Treatment in Premature Calves with Respiratory Distress Syndrome
    (Hellenic Veterinary Medical Soc, 2021) Ok, M.; Yildiz, R.; Tras, B.; Coskun, P.; Akar, A.
    This study aimed to determine lipid peroxide (LPO), antioxidant capacity (AOC), and acute-phase protein changes before and after different nebulization treatments in premature calves with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Thirty-six premature calves were divided into equal number of 6 groups. Group 1 was labelled as negative control and received standard treatment. Group 2 was labelled as positive control; Groups 3, 4, 5, and 6 were labelled as trial groups. These groups received nebulizer treatment. Nebulizer drug combinations were as follows: Group 2 (fluticasone), Group 3 (formoterol + fluticasone), Group 4 (ipratropium bromide + fluticasone), Group 5 (fluticasone + furosemide) and Group 6 (formoterol + ipratropium bromide + furosemide + fluticasone). Venous blood was taken from all calves before (0 hour) and after treatment (24th, 48th, 72nd hour). It was concluded that total LPO levels gradually decreased while AOC levels increased during treatment but there was no difference in the serum amyloid A (SAA) and fibrinogen levels within groups. In conclusion, supportive and nebulizer treatments to improve function of lungs were demonstrated to alleviate oxidative stress. However, in order to reveal the effects of local nebulizer applications on oxidative stress, further studies are required to investigate oxidation parameters in the bronchoalveolar fluid.
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    Relationships between glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutathione peroxidase, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, total protein, malondialdehyde, total glutathione and vitamin C parameters in goat milkcells
    (Hellenic Veterinary Medical Soc, 2022) Kazak, F.; Karafakioglu, Y.; Baspinar, N.; Coskun, P.
    In this study, to reveal the antioxidant potential of goat milk cells, the activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and the levels of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), total glutathione (tGSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), vitamin C (Vit C) and total protein (TP) in goat milk cells were determined and correlations between these parameters were evaluated. Milk samples were collected from 19 clinically healthy goats from a private goat farm. Briefly, milk cells were collected from milk by centrifugation and than they were sonicated. Supernatant G6PD, GPx activities and NADPH, tGSH, MDA, Vit C and total protein levels were determined by spectrophotometric methods. As regards correlations: milk cell MDA levels were positively correlated with milk cell tGSH (r=0, 725, p<0, 01), milk cell Vit C (r=0.622, P<0.01) and milk cell NADPH (r=0.763, P<0.01) levels. There was a positive correlation between milk cell GPx activity and milk cell NADPH levels (r=0.659, P<0.01). Milk cell tGSH levels were positively correlated with milk cell Vit C (r=0.615, P<0.05) and milk cell NADPH (r=0.846, P<0.01) levels. Milk cell NADPH levels was positively correlated with milk cell Vit C levels (r=0.791, P<0.01). As a conclusion, the antioxidant potential of goat milk cells were evaluated and discusses.