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    Does Food Safety Knowledge Affect Attitudes and Practices? A Preliminary Study of Turkish Veterinary Students
    (Univ Toronto Press Inc, 2023) Cufaoglu, Gizem; Ambarcioglu, Pinar; Adaca, Aytac Unsal
    This study aimed to evaluate effects of the food safety courses that veterinary medicine students take during their education at Kirikkale University, Turkey, on the students' food safety knowledge, attitudes, and practices. A questionnaire comprising demographic, knowledge, attitudes, and practices sections was developed, and eight experts performed the clarity test. The questionnaire was pilot-tested by 35 students. The final questionnaire was conducted among Kirikkale University first-year (freshmen) and fifth-year (senior) veterinary medicine students (n = 224). According to logistic regression analysis results, seniors were 2.8 times more likely than freshmen to have high-level knowledge. However, regardless of students' grades, knowledge level was not observed to correlate with students' behaviors. Additionally, no significant relation was found between knowledge level and gender, food safety career plan, or food poisoning experience (p > .05). Conspicuously, students who lived in a village before entering university were 5.3 times more likely to have high-level knowledge than those who lived in a city center. Overall, this study shows that food safety courses in the curriculum lead to an increase in students' level of food safety knowledge. However, although an increase in knowledge level positively influenced food safety attitudes, students had problems putting their knowledge and attitudes into practice. This may be overcome by focusing on practical courses that teach students how to apply learned knowledge in daily life.
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    Meta-analysis of the prevalence of Listeria spp. and antibiotic resistant L. monocytogenes isolates from foods in Turkey
    (Elsevier, 2021) Cufaoglu, Gizem; Ambarcioglu, Pinar; Ayaz, Naim Deniz
    Due to its ability to survive in challenging conditions, Listeria species have been isolated in almost all kinds of foods. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of Listeria spp. and antibiotic-resistant L. monocytogenes isolates in all types of foods reported in Turkey using meta-analysis. Overall, 103 publications included to this study. The most frequently studied food types were chicken meat, ground beef, deli meat, ready-to-eat foods, cheese, and raw bovine milk, for which the pooled prevalence for L. monocytogenes were found 19.1% (95% CI:15.2%-23.7%), 13.9% (95% CI:9.7%-19.5%), 6.5% (95% CI:4.1%-10.2%), 5.2% (95% CI:3.4%-8.0%), 4.7% (95% CI:3.4%-6.5%), and 2% (95% CI:1.2%-3.1%), respectively. For the same food types the prevalence for Listeria spp. were 62.3% (95% CI:55.2%-69%), 74.9% (95% CI:53.4%-88.6%), 16.8% (95% CI:10.7%-25.5%), 16.6% (95% CI:11.0%-24.3%), 11.0% (95% CI:7.1%-16.8%), and 5.6% (95% CI:3.5%-9%), respectively. For the most preferred antibiotics in listeriosis treatment the mean prevalence of penicillin, ampicillin and gentamicin resistance were found 30.4%, 27.2% and 8.3%, respectively. The rates differed among food types, however they showed that there is a potential risk in terms of public health. The results compiled herein contribute to the epidemiological surveillance of the presence and antibiotic resistance of L. monocytogenes from foods in Turkey.
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    Prevalence, Serotype Diversity and Antibiotic Resistance of Salmonella Among Poultry Meat and Eggs in Turkiye: A Meta-analysis
    (Galenos Publ House, 2023) Cufaoglu, Gizem; Ambarcioglu, Pinar; Derinoz, Askin Nur; Ayaz, Naim Deniz
    Poultry is a well-known reservoir for Salmonella, and therefore numerous outbreaks have been reported among poultry meat products and eggs. This study is aimed at determining the pooled prevalence, serotype diversity and antibiotic resistance profiles of Salmonella among poultry meat and eggs sold in Turkiye. For this purpose, international (Web of Science and PubMed) and national (ULAKBIM TR Index) electronic databases were searched using based on relevant keywords in English and Turkish, and out of 1,818 articles, 41 were deemed eligible for inclusion in this meta-analysis. The random effects model was accepted when a substantial heterogeneity was obtained according to Q statistics and the I2 value, however the fixed effects model was assumed valid in the opposite case. The pooled prevalence of Salmonella in chicken parts, chicken carcasses, chicken giblets and eggs were 24.4% [95% confidence interval (CI)=17.8-32.6], 21.9% (95% CI=14.0-32.7), 20.1% (95% CI=10.7- 34.6) and 4.8% (95% CI=1.7-13.3), respectively. Salmonella Enteritidis was the most common serotype among eggs, chicken parts and chicken carcasses with the rates of 22.4% (95% CI=3.6-69.3), 19.0% (95% CI=3.3-61.6) and 5.8% (95% CI=2.2-14.4), respectively. The highest pooled antibiotic resistance prevalence of Salmonella spp., regardless of food type, was found in tetracycline (73.9%, 95% CI=51.0-88.5) (p<0.041) and ampicillin (31.5%, 95% CI=20.7-44.6). The high-pooled prevalence of the organism emphasized the potential threat Salmonella poses to public health, and also antibiotic resistance data revealed that the use of tetracyclines, quinolones and penicillin in poultry livestock should be restricted. These results will be of great use in the future epidemiological surveillance of Salmonella spp. presence and antibiotic resistance among poultry meat and eggs in Turkiye.