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Öğe Alterations in serum levels of trace elements in Cutaneous leishmaniasis patients in endemic region of Hatay (Antioch)(Asian Journal Of Chemistry, 2008) Culha, Gulnaz; Yalin, Erdinc; Sanguen, KemalImmune cells, like all other types of cells, require an adequate supply of trace elements for the structure and function of metalloproteins that participate in housekeeping processes such as energy production and protection against reactive oxygen species. In addition, trace elements are required for the activity of a number of enzymes that directly participate in host defense processes. In the present study we evaluated the alterations of zinc, copper, selenium and iron concentrations in serum of patients treated with meglumine antimonate (glucantime) and untreated cutaneous leishmaniasis. Serum levels of zinc, copper, selenium and iron were measured by atomic emission spectrometer. The serum levels of these elements were found to be significantly higher in untreated patients compared to those of healthy controls. However, the levels of zinc, copper and iron in serum were significantly reuced and selenium levels were increased in treated patients. These suggest that the increasing levels of trace elements in serum may be host defense strategies of organism infection. In addition the high trace element levels were a sequel of the disease rather than a cause.Öğe The amoebicidal activity of three substances derived from benzothiazole on Acanthamoeba castellanii cysts and trophozoites and its cytotoxic potentials(Elsevier, 2021) Ozpinar, Necati; Culha, Gulnaz; Kaya, Tugba; Yucel, HasanAcanthamoeba species are free-living amoebae isolated from many ecological areas such as swimming pools, dams, lakes, soil, and air filters. These amoebae are usually causing granulomatous amebic encephalitis and amebic keratitis in immunosuppressive individuals. In this study, the reproductive potential and morphological changes determined of Acanthamoeba castellanii trophozoite and cyst forms exposed to three different active substances derived from benzothiazole. Furthermore, the cytotoxic potential of these active substances determined by XTT analysis. In the study, axenic cultures prepared for Acanthamoeba castellanii cyst and trophozoite forms and parasite exposed to different concentrations of active substances. Cell counts of parasite cultures were performed at the 30 minutes, 1st, 6th, 12th, 24th, and 48th hour periods. As a result of the study, the reproductive potential suppressive effects of all three substances on Acanthamoeba castellanii trophozoites and cysts were determined. The most effective of these substances was 2-Amino-6(trifluoromethoxy)-benzothiazole. In the first three concentrations of this substance (0.1%, 0.05%, 0.025%), no determined trophozoite and cysts at the end of twenty four. Due to its strong ameobicidal effect, it is thought that 2-Amino-6(trifluoromethoxy)-benzothiazole may be a new therapeutic agent in diseases caused by acanthamoeba parasites by supporting this study with animal experiments.Öğe A case of leishmania infantum mimicking lymphoma(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2023) Culha, Gulnaz; Dogramaci, A. Cigdem; Kaya, Tugba; Secinti, Ilke EvrimLeishmaniasis is a parasitic infection caused by an obligate intracellular protozoon transmitted by infected sand flies. Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a skin disease known in our country as oriental sore, which heals, leaving a scar in place, mainly on the skin and sometimes in the mucous membrane. Demonstration of the parasite in chronic CL is difficult. Moreover, differential diagnosis from other granulomatous dermatitides such as lupus vulgaris, sarcoidosis and deep mycosis is growing difficult. A case of CL was presented in an 84-year-old female patient who had a pre-diagnosis of lymphoma and a nodule lesion on her forehead for 2.5 months. In the smear of the sample taken from the lesion, amastigote forms of the parasite were diagnosed and typed as L.infantum by the Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) method.Öğe Dermanyssus gallinae infestation: An unusual cause of scalp pruritus treated with permethrin shampoo(Informa Healthcare, 2010) Dogramaci, Asena Cigdem; Culha, Gulnaz; Ozcelik, SemraDermanyssus gallinae is a blood parasite of wild birds, but it is also a pest in the poultry industry. It occasionally bites mammals and thus rarely creates skin problems such as itching, papules, vesicles, and dermatitis. A 92-year-old man presented with severe itch on his head, particularly at night. He had been misdiagnosed with senile pruritus and treated with antihistamines and topical corticosteroids with temporary relief of the symptoms. On the basis of clinical and parasitological findings, D. gallinae dermatitis was diagnosed. Decontamination of the patient's immediate environment was not helpful. The patient was successfully treated using a 1% permethrin shampoo once a week for 2 weeks. During 3 months of follow-up he was free of symptoms. The case is of significance because most dermatologists have difficulty identifying ectoparasitoses, such as those that arise within new or atypical conditions.Öğe Determination of Antimony Resistance Mechanism of Leishmania tropica Causing Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Turkey(Ankara Microbiology Soc, 2020) Ozbilgin, Ahmet; Zeyrek, Fadile Yildiz; Guray, Melda Zeynep; Culha, Gulnaz; Akyar, Isin; Harman, Mehmet; Ozbel, YusufWorld Health Organization reported that approximately one billion people are at risk in endemic areas, one million cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and approximately 300,000 cases of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) were reported per year in the last five years. The number of deaths due to VL is reported to be approximately 20,000 per year. Approximately 2500 cases/year have been reported as CL, caused by Leishmania tropica and Leishmania infantum, in Turkey. The significant increase observed in many cities mainly in the provinces of Mediterranean and Aegean regions in cases and foci in recent years, suggests that there may be an increase in this infections in the following years as well. In Turkey, the causative agent of CL is L.tropica and meglumine antimoniate is used in the treatment of CL. We aimed to determine antimony resistance genes specific for L.tropica by comparing the gene and protein expressions of antimony-resistant and non-resistant L.tropica strains. Ltropica isolates obtained from 3 CL patients without antimonate resistance from Aegean, Mediterranean and Southeastern regions of Turkey were provided to transform into 3 resistant isolates against meglumine antimony in the laboratory conditions. Gene expression alterations by microarray method; protein profiles by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) and relevant proteins by MALDI-TOF/TOF MS of these isolates were accomplished and compared. L.tropica isolates from 10 CL patients who did not respond to antimony therapy were analyzed for resistance to antimonial compounds and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect the expression of genes responsible for resistance development. Moreover, differences in protein expression levels in isolates with and without antimony resistance were determined by comparing protein profiles and identification of proteins with different expression levels was carried out. Enolase, elongation factor-2, heat shock protein 70, tripanthione reductase, protein kinase C and metallo-peptidase proteins have been shown to play roles in L.tropica isolates developing resistance to antimonial compounds and similar expression changes have also been demonstrated in naturally resistant isolates from patients. In conclusion, it was revealed that L.tropica strains in our country may gain resistance to meglumine antimoniate in a short time. It is foreseen that if the patients living in our country or entering the country are treated inadequately and incompletely, there may be new, resistant leishmaniasis foci that may increase the number of resistant strains and cases rapidly.Öğe Determination of Imported Malaria Cases in Hatay by the Use of Molecular Methods(Ankara Microbiology Soc, 2018) Culha, Gulnaz; Zeyrek, Fadile Yildlz; Onlen, Yusuf; Yentur Doni, NebiyeMalaria, being among the most important diseases throughout history, is still an important public health problem among parasitic diseases due to increasing population movements with various reasons such as migration, war and travel. According to WHO data each year 300-350 million people get exposed to malaria, each year 1.5-2.7 million people die from malaria and also 40% of the world's population is still at risk for this disease. According to World Health Organisation (WHO) data, imported cases were not reported since 2013 in our country. However among imported cases Plasmodium falciparum malaria can be observed. The aim of this study wasto draw attention to the imported malaria cases increasing gradually and to the importance of the chemoprophylaxis in terms of malaria before travelling. In the study, male patients who have admitted to Hatay Province Malaria Center or Mustafa Kemal University Infectious Disease Department, ages between 25-60 years, were analyzed. All of the patients have worked abroad before. Patients were mostly from Sudan but there were also patients from endemic regions such as Africa, Nigeria, Pakistan, Mali island. The cases were evaluated according to age, gender and whether they had travel stories in Turkey or abroad. Blood samples taken from the patients were firstly prepared by thin and thick smear preparations and examined microscopically by staining with Giemsa stain method. Samples that were found positive by microscopic examination were impregnated on drying papers and genotyped using nested-PCR. Out of the 30 samples from patients who had traveled to endemic countries before, determined as positive by microscopical examination and genotyped by nested-PCR, 16 of them were identified as P.falciparum, six of them as P.vivax and eight of them as P.falciparum/ P.vivax. The study suggested that malaria prophylaxis has to be applied before travelling to endemic countries, in return imported malaria has to be considered one of the first diseases in mind and people who will travel should be informed about this disease before travel.Öğe The Distribution of Intestinal Parasites among Turkish Children Living in a Rural Area(Medi+World Int, 2008) Culha, Gulnaz; Ozer, CahitBackground: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites in children and to evaluate its association with socioeconomic and environmental factors. Methods: Stool samples and cellulose tape slides of children between 1-16 years of ages living in a rural area in Antakya were investigated. Stool samples were examined by using the direct wet mount, iodine method, and sedimentation techniques. Results: One hundred and ninentynine (51.3%) of the 388 children included in the study were male, and the mean age was 6,8 +/- 3,4 years (minimum 1, maximum 16). Most of the families (87.4 %) were from the lowest socio-economical level and almost all of the mothers (96.4%) were housewivfes. One hundred and fifty-three (39.4%) stool specimens and 114 (29.4%) cellulose tape slides were considered as positive. The most frequently detected parasites were Enterobius vermicularis (29.4%), Blastocystis hominis (19.8%), Giardia intestinalis (16.5%). No statistical significance was observed in relation to intestinal parasites detected in tape slides and stool samples and; gender (p=0,906 and p=0,751), maternal occupation (p=0,075 and p=0,410), paternal occupation (p=0,355 and p=0,354), conditions of the residence [i.e having a garden (p=0,185 and p=0,733) and stable (p=0,523 and p=0,851), water supply (p=0,675 and p=0,218), having pets or animals (p=0,856 and p=0,429), having a separate room for each sibling (p=0,927 and p=0,079)] and, having symptoms indicating intestinal parasites (p=0,126 and p=0,611). Conclusion: High prevalences of intestinal parasites in children living in lower socioeconomic conditions showed that parasitosis remains to be a public health problem in Antakya.Öğe Diversity of Leishmania Strains Isolated from Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Patients in Turkey and its Reflection to Clinics in Mice Model(Ankara Microbiology Soc, 2020) Ozbilgin, Ahmet; Culha, Gulnaz; Guray, Melda Zeynep; Zeyrek, Fadile Yildiz; Akyar, Isin; Toz, Seray; Ural, Ipek OstanAlthough asexual reproduction has been attributed to Leishmania species, genetic exchange has recently been demonstrated, which helped emerging of hybrid isolates. Situated on the crossroads between three continents, Leishmania hybrids may be present in Turkey. In Turkey, visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum is less common, while cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) caused by Leishmania tropica and L.infantum could reach 2500 reported cases a year. Our aim was to investigate genetic variability of local Leishmania species and presence of hybrid Leishmania strains in Turkey. Twenty CL patients from Sanliurfa and Hatay, where only L.tropica and both L.tropica and L.infantum cause CL, respectively, were registered equally. All isolates were assessed with real-time polymerase chain reaction (Rt-PCR), isoenzyme analysis, gene sequencing, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) and MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS followed by in vivo analyses on mouse model. Identification of differentially expressed proteins was performed. These proteins were confirmed by sequence analysis. All isolates from Sanliurfa were found to be L.tropica which caused cutaneous infection in mice. However, one of 10 isolates from Hatay was found as Leishmania major which caused cutaneous infection. Five isolates were found as L.tropica with Rt-PCR and gene sequencing, one of which had one different protein from the reference L.tropica strain and caused cutaneous infection. Four of the five isolates had five different proteins compared to reference strain and caused both cutaneous and visceral infections. Remaining four isolates showed double melting curves in Rt-PCR, which were concordant with L.tropica and L.infantum. Their sequencing and isoenzyme analyses indicated them as L.infantum. They had six different proteins compared to reference L.infantum strain and caused cutaneous and visceral infections. It is concluded that the isolates with different proteins were hybrid Leishmania species. In the present study, outcomes of the proteomics, genomics, clinical manifestations and tissue tropism on animal models were evaluated together for the first time. In addition to L. tropica and L.infantum, L.major was identified as a causative agent for CL and hybrids of Linfantum/tropica were also shown to be present.Öğe Effect of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Treatment on Serum Adenosine/Deoxyadenosine Deaminase Activities(Asian Journal Of Chemistry, 2012) Culha, Gulnaz; Berkoz, Mehmet; Yalin, Serap; Gulkan, BurcuAdenosine deaminase is an enzyme present in a great number of plants and animals, found from simple intervebrates to human beings. Adenosine deaminase and deoxyadenosine deaminase activities increase substantially during mitogenic and antigenic responses of lymphocytes and conversely lymphocytes blastogenesis. Various diseases characterized by the alteration of cell-mediated immunity can be effected by the serum activity of adenosine deaminase. Cutaneous leishmania is an intracellular parasite that targets and multiplies within phagocytic cells of the innate immune system such as the macrophage, dendritic cell and neutrophil. In this study, we investigated the role of treatment on adenosine deaminase and deoxyadenosine deaminase activities in the cutaneous leishmaniasis patients. For this aim, 25 treated cutaneous leishmaniasis patients, 19 untreated patients and 25 healthy control subjects were enrolled in this study. The clinical diagnosis was parasitologically confirmed Giemsa stain and by culture NNN medium. Adenosine deaminase and deoxyadenosine deaminase activities were measured spectrophotometrically by the method of Giusti. Serum adenosine deaminase and deoxyadenosine deaminase activities were higher in cutaneous leishmaniasis patients than the controls and also, adenosine deaminase and deoxyadenosine deaminase activities decreased in treated patients as compare with non-treated cutaneous leishmaniasis patients. According to these results, it is suggested that evaluation of adenosine deaminase activity in serum of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis could be considered a useful monitoring tool for their infection status. Therefore, adenosine deaminase can be a predictive and sensitive parameter of leishmaniasis treatment.Öğe GC-MS analysis and antileishmanial activities of two Turkish propolis types(Springer, 2011) Duran, Nizami; Muz, Mustafa; Culha, Gulnaz; Duran, Gulay; Ozer, BurcinPropolis is a honeybee product with a very complex chemical composition and various pharmacological properties. This study was aimed to investigate antileishmanial activities of Bursa and Hatay propolis samples against Leishmania infantum and Leishmania tropica strains. Propolis samples were analysed with the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique. Promastigotes were incubated in Roswell Park Memorial Institute culture medium in the absence and presence of several concentrations (50, 100, 250, 500, 750, and 1,000 mu g/mL) of each propolis sample. The viability and cell morphology of promastigotes in each concentration were examined after 24, 48, 72, and 96 h of incubation. The growth of leishmania parasites was significantly suppressed in the presence of 500, 750, and 1,000 mu g/mL of Hatay propolis. Bursa propolis was found to be efficient in inhibiting the growth of leishmania promastigotes in culture media at these concentrations, 250, 500, 750, and 1,000 mu g/mL. Thus, the in vitro results showed that the Hatay and Bursa propolis samples decreased significantly the proliferation of L. infantum and L. tropica parasites (p<0.001); however, Bursa propolis was found to be more effective than Hatay propolis against leishmania promastigotes. These two natural products may be useful agents in the prevention of leishmanial infections.Öğe Imported Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Cases Detected in Truck Drivers in Hatay(Ankara Microbiology Soc, 2018) Culha, Gulnaz; Cigdem Dogramaci, Asena; Kaya, Tugba; Cavus, Ibrahim; Gulkan, Burcu; Ozbilgin, AhmetLeishmaniasis, seen in tropical and subtropical regions, is an infectious disease caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania species. There are three main forms of leishmaniasis: cutaneous, mucocutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis. Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) has become an increasing problem as the number of travels around the world increases and people go to work in endemic areas. Turkey has received great numbers of immigrants in recent years, from its neighboring countries like Iraq, Islamic Republic of Iran, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan and the Syrian Arab Republic because of the political instabilities in these countries as well as the job opportunities caused by large-scale development projects undertaken by Turkey. In this report, imported CL cases detected in five truck drivers transporting from Hatay to Turkmenistan, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Iran and Georgia, Uzbekistan and Azarbaijan countries were presented. The patients admitted to Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Medicine Dermatology Policlinic, with wound complaints on their bodies were directed to the Department of Parasitology to obtain smear samples from their wounds. The age range of the patients were 38 to 43 years. Patients with wound trail for a period ranging from one month to one year had a number of lesions varying between 2-7 and in all cases, a smear preparation was prepared from the lesions for diagnostic purposes. Clinical material obtained from five patients with pre-diagnosis of CL was firstly examined with Giemsa stain. Samples taken from the patients were inoculated into modified NNN (Novy-MacNeal-Nicolle) medium for the evaluation of the presence of the promastigotes. Promastigotes obtained from the inoculated medium were also genotyped using the ITS1 region. In all of the slides prepared from the clinical material taken from the patients amastigotes were determined. The growth of promastigotes were observed in only three of the clinical specimen inoculated media. The genotyped three species were Leishmania tropica, Leishmania infantum/donovani and Leishmania major. In this study, the importance of support for the diagnosis of different microbiological methods used in the diagnosis of leishmaniasis infection which occurred during the outbreaks of the disease has been put forward. In addition, it was aimed to draw attention to the importance of imported CL cases in our country diagnosed in five truck drivers making transportation from Hatay to Turkmenistan, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Georgia, Uzbekistan and Azerbaijan.Öğe Investigation of Leishmania RNA Virus 2 (LRV2) in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Strains Isolated from Hatay, Turkey(Iranian Scientific Society Medical Entomology, 2022) Culha, Gulnaz; Kaya, Tugba; Ozpinar, Necati[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Leishmaniasis in Turkey: Determination of Leishmania Species by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS)(Iranian Scientific Society Medical Entomology, 2014) Culha, Gulnaz; Akyar, Isin; Zeyrek, Fadile Yildiz; Kurt, Ozgur; Gunduz, Cumhur; Toz, Seray Ozensoy; Ostan, IpekBackground: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is endemic in Southeastern Anatolia, mainly in Sanliurfa and Hatay provinces, and the causative agents are mostly Leishmania tropica and less frequently L. infantum. Here, we report the first MALDI-TOF analyses of Leishmania promastigotes obtained from the cultures of two CL cases from Osmaniye and Hatay provinces who were initially diagnosed by microscopy, culture and identified as L. infantum with Real-Time PCR (RT-PCR). Methods: Samples obtained from the skin lesions of patients were initially stained with Giemsa and cultivated in NNN medium. Examination of the smears and cultures revealed Leishmania amastigotes and promastigotes, respectively. The promastigotes (MHOM/TR/2012/CBU15 and MHOM/TR/2012/MK05) obtained from the cultures of both patients were used for RT-PCR targeting the ITS-1 region in the SSU of rRNA. The reference strains of four Leishmania species (L. infantum, L. donovani, L. tropica and L. major) were initially assessed with MALDI-TOF and their data were added to MALDI-TOF Biotyper Library. Results: Both RT-PCR and MALDI-TOF analyses indicated that the causative agent in both patient samples was L. infantum. Conclusion: Despite disadvantages such as requirement of culture fluid with nothing but promastigotes and high cost, MALDI-TOF analysis may be a fast, sensitive and specific diagnostic tool in especially large-scale research studies, where the cost declines, relatively.Öğe Leishmaniasis in Turkey: molecular characterization of Leishmania from human and canine clinical samples(Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, Inc, 2009) Toz, Seray Ozensoy; Nasereddin, Abedelmajeed; Ozbel, Yusuf; Ertabaklar, Hatice; Culha, Gulnaz; Sevil, Naser; Alkan, M. ZiyaHuman leishmaniasis, both visceral and cutaneous, and canine leishmaniasis have been reported in Turkey for centuries. However, the advent of new diagnostic tools during the last 30 years has led to the recognition that leishmaniasis is an important public health problem throughout the country. In most disease foci both canine and human leishmaniases exist together and identification of parasite species causing these diseases is a pre-requisite for understanding disease epidemiology. A total of 109 samples obtained from human and canine leishmaniasis cases were examined using internal transcribed spacer 1 PCR followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Our results indicate that two species, Leishmania tropica and Leishmania infantum, are primarily responsible for cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis, respectively, in Turkey. However, a new focus of human cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. infantum in Hatay region is described. This finding further stresses the importance of Leishmania species molecular characterization in prescribing appropriate therapy and understanding the disease's transmission in different endemic foci.Öğe Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis with marked facial disfigurement(Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd, 2017) Ekiz, Ozlem; Kahraman, Serif Samil; Sen, Bilge Bulbul; Serarslan, Gamze; Rifaioglu, Emine Nur; Culha, Gulnaz; Ozgur, Tumay[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activities in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis in endemic region of Hatay (Antioch)(Asian Journal Of Chemistry, 2007) Culha, Gulnaz; Yalin, Erdinc; Yalin, Serap; Eroglu, Pelin; Berkoz, MehmetLeishmania is the collective name for a number of disease caused by protozoon flagellates of genus Leishmania which have diverse clinical manifestations. In this study, we investigated the effect of free radicals and antioxidants on cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). Venous blood samples of patients and controls were collected and analyzed for serum nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde, (MDA) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities. 53 treated CL patients, 42 untreated patients,and 30 healty control subjects were enrolled in this study. The levels of MDA and NO showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the untreated patients when compared to the treated patients and control groups. In the untreated group, the activities of both SOD and CAT were found to be decreased (p < 0.05) compared with values in the control and treated groups. After the treatment, NO and MDA levels were decreased whereas the activities of CAT and SOD were increased. These results provide some evidence for a potential role of increased lipid peroxidation and decreased enzymatic antioxidants in cutaneous leishmaniasis. These results suggested that oxidant stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cutaneous leishmaniasis.Öğe Oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activities in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis in endemic region of Hatay (ANTIOCH)(Chemical Publishing Co., 2007) Culha, Gulnaz; Yalin, Erdinc; Yalin, Serap; Eroglu, Pelin; Berkoz, MehmetLeishmania is the collective name for a number of disease caused by protozoon flagellates of genus Leishmania which have diverse clinical manifestations. In this study, we investigated the effect of free radicals and antioxidants on cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). Venous blood samples of patients and controls were collected and analyzed for serum nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities. 53 treated CL patients, 42 untreated patients and 30 healty control subjects were enrolled in this study. The levels of MDA and NO showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the untreated patients when compared to the treated patients and control groups. In the untreated group, the activities of both SOD and CAT were found to be decreased (p < 0.05) compared with values in the control and treated groups. After the treatment, NO and MDA levels were decreased whereas the activities of CAT and SOD were increased. These results provide some evidence for a potential role of increased lipid peroxidation and decreased enzymatic antioxidants in cutaneous leishmaniasis. These results suggested that oxidant stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cutaneous leishmaniasis.Öğe A Real-Time ITS1-PCR Based Method in the Diagnosis and Species Identification of Leishmania Parasite from Human and Dog Clinical Samples in Turkey(Public Library Science, 2013) Toz, Seray Ozensoy; Culha, Gulnaz; Zeyrek, Fadile Yildiz; Ertabaklar, Hatice; Alkan, M. Ziya; Vardarli, Asli Tetik; Gunduz, CumhurHuman visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by L. infantum and cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) caused by L. tropica and L. infantum have been reported in Turkey. L. infantum is also responsible for canine leishmaniasis (CanL) and it is widely common in the country. The main aim of the present study was to design a real-time PCR method based on the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region in the diagnosis of all clinical forms of leishmaniasis in Mediterranean, and to identify the species directly from clinical samples. Totally, 315 clinical specimens, human/canine visceral (blood, bone marrow, lymph node) and cutaneous (lesion aspiration) samples, and 51 Turkish Leishmania isolates typed by isoenzymatic method were included in the study. For optimization, DNA samples of the 34 strains were amplified by conventional ITS1-PCR and then sequenced for designing the primers and probes, allowing the species identification. Following the validation with the isolates, the test was applied on clinical samples and melting temperatures were used for genotyping. A group of PCR products were further sequenced for confirmation and assigning the inter-and intraspecies heterogeneity. The diagnosis of leishmaniasis is successfully achieved by the new real-time PCR method, and the test identified 80.43% of human and canine VL samples as L. infantum and 6.52% as L. tropica; 52.46% of CL samples as L. infantum and 26.90% as L. tropica. In 13.04% of visceral and 20.62% of cutaneous samples, two peaks were observed. Hovewer, the higher peak was found to be concordant with the sequencing results in 96.96%, in terms of species identification. The real-time ITS1 PCR assay clearly identified the leishmanial species in 81.58% of all clinical samples. Genotypic variations of Leishmania parasites in Turkey within species and intraspecies were observed, and L. tropica is also found as causative agent of human and canine VL in Turkey.Öğe THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ENTEROBIUS VERMICULARIS INFECTION AND NOCTURNAL ENURESIS(Modestum Ltd, 2006) Culha, Gulnaz; Duran, NizamiAim: The possible association between certain childhood infections and the propensity to develop nocturnal enuresis may include intestinal helminth infections. Objective: To explore the association between Enterobius vermicularis and nocturnal enuresis among children 4 to 7 years of age in a Turkish orphanage. Methods: Eighty children (45 boy, 35 girl, age range 4-7 years) participated in this study. The association between Enterobius vermicularis and enuressis was investigated after mebendazole therapy in the children with Enterobius vermicularis infection. The occurrence of Enterobius vermicularis was examined by adhesive cellotape anal swap method. Results: The occurrence of Enterobius vermicularis was examined by perianal tape tests in 80 children. Total egg positivity rates of Enterobius vermicularis were 71.3% (57/80). The egg positivity rates of boys and girls were 75.6% (34/45) and 65.7% (23/35), respectively. Total enuresis rate was 51.3% (41/80), and 60% (27/45) of the boys and 40% (14/35) of girls had enuresis. After the mebendazole therapy, while the total egg positivity rate of Enterobius vermicularis was 33.8% (27/80), this ratio was 35.6% (16/45) for boys and 31.4% (11/35) for girls. While before the mebendazole therapy, total enuresis rate was 51.3% (41/80), after the therapy it was was found to be 28.8% (23/80) in children. Conclusion: In this study, it was shown that Enterobius vermicularis infection was quite prevalent among orphan children in Antakya. Besides this, the results indicate that nocturnal enuresis could be more frequent in children with Enterobius vermicularis disease. It was concluded that nocturnal enuresis may be related with pinworm infestation.Öğe Search of house mite's fauna and investigation of relationship between house dust mite and allergy in the province of Hatay, Turkey(Kuwait Medical Assoc, 2019) Gulkan, Burcu; Degerli, Serpil; Culha, Gulnaz; Savas, Nazan; Ozcelik, SemraObjective: This study aims to search house mite's fauna and to investigate the relationship between house dust mite prevalence and house-related risk factors and allergic diseases. Design: Cross sectional study Setting : Two hundred houses in 25 different neigborhoods in Hatay province of Turkey. Hatay province is located in East Mediterranean Region with a population of 1,519,836. It has the border with Syria. The sample was selected by clustered sociodemographic region systematic random sampling method. Subjects: Two hundred samples of house dust Intervention: A survey was used. Pearson Chi-Square test was used. Main outcome measure(s): Samples of house dust in total were analyzed according to Spieksma-Boezman method of lactic acid precipitation; and the identification of the samples in which mites were detected was made according to the Coloff's type identification key. Results: Out of 200 samples of house dust, mite was detected in 57.5% of them. The most frequently found type of mite was determined as D. pteronyssinus (72.2%). There was no significant relationship found between the mite prevalence and other criteria, except the number of rooms when the ground clearance of houses, the case of garden, carpet type, washing temperature and duration of duvets, times of the insolation of pillows and quilts, heating devices, cleaning times, insolation conditions, presence of a pet and the economic situation of the family were analyzed (p > 0.05). Conclusion It is determined that mite prevalence in the province of Hatay, Turkey is higher than many regions.
