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Öğe Comparative evaluation of major milk quality parameters of Holstein and Simmental cows at different lactation stages under similar environmental conditions(Polish Soc Veterinary Sciences Editorial Office, 2023) Kaya, Ufuk; Ozkan, Huseyin; Yazlik, Murat Onur; Camdeviren, Baran; Gungor, Guven; Karaaslan, Irem; Dalkiran, SevdaThe aim of this study was to evaluate the composition and quality parameters of Simmental and Holstein cows' milk with different lactation stages under the same environmental conditions. Multiparous Holstein and Simmental cows from different lactation stages (n = 210) were included in the present study. MDA, SCC, composition, and fatty acid analyzes were performed from the collected milk samples. To determine the effect of breed, lactation stage and their interactions, linear mixed models were applied to these parameters. Among the breeds, only milk fat and pH were determined statistically significant as composition parameters. While C15:0 and C17:1 n8 were observed to be statistically significant for the breed factor, C18:2 n6 trans were statistically significant only for the lactation stage factor. Moreover, the fatty acids of C4:0, C6:0, C8:0, C10:0, C11:0, C12:0, C13:0, C16:0, C18:1 n9, C20:0 and C22:6 n3 were determined to be statistically significant in terms of interactions. For the fatty acid indices, SCFA, MCFA, n3 and n6/n3 were statistically significant in terms of interactions while SFA, MUFA, UFA and AI were statistically significant in terms of breeds. On the other hand, new studies are needed to investigate the differences between these breeds at the molecular level for milk quality and fatty acid synthesis.Öğe Considering potential roles of selected MicroRNAs in evaluating subclinical mastitis and Milk quality in California mastitis test (+) and infected bovine milk(Wiley, 2024) Ozkan, Huseyin; Keceli, Hasan Huseyin; Kaya, Ufuk; Dalkiran, Sevda; Yuksel, Murat; Tek, Erhan; Yakan, AkinThis study investigates the relationships between subclinical mastitis and milk quality with selected microRNAs in cow milk. California Mastitis Test (CMT)-positive (n = 20) and negative (n = 20) samples were compared (Experiment I). Additionally, samples with CMT-positive but microbiological-negative, as well as positive for only Staphylococcus subspecies (Staph spp.) and only Streptococcus subspecies (Strep spp.) were examined (Experiment II). Four groups were formed in Experiment II: Group I (CMT and microbiological-negative) (n = 20), Group II (CMT-positive but microbiological-negative) (n = 10), Group III (Staph spp.) (n = 5), Group IV (Strep spp.) (n = 5). While electrical conductivity, somatic cell count (SCC), malondialdehyde (MDA) increased, miR-27a-3p and miR-223 upregulated and miR-125b downregulated in the CMT-positive group in Experiment I. SCC and MDA were higher in CMT-positive groups. miR-27a-3p and miR-223 upregulated in Groups III and IV. While miR-155 is upregulated, miR-125b downregulated in Group IV. Milk fat is positively correlated with miR-148a and miR-223. As miR-27a-3p positively correlated with SCC and MDA, miR-125b negatively correlated with electrical conductivity and SCC. miR-148a and MDA were positively correlated. miR-155 was correlated with fat-free dry matter, protein, lactose, and freezing point. miR-223 was positively correlated with SCC and miR-148a. Results particularly highlight miR-27a-3p and miR-223 as potential biomarkers in subclinical mastitis, especially those caused by Staph spp. and Strep spp., while miR-148a, miR-155, and miR-223 stand out in determining milk quality.Öğe Diagnostic accuracy of milk components for pregnancy diagnosis in mid and late lactation cows(Croatian Dairy Union, 2023) Kaya, Ufuk; Yazlik, Murat Onur; Ozkan, Huseyin; Camdeviren, Baran; Gungor, Guven; Dalkiran, Sevda; Keceli, Hasan HuseyinThe aims of this study were to establish a cut-off point by evaluating the usability of the somatic cell count (SCC) and milk components (fat, fat-free dry matter (FFDM), protein, lactose, freezing point, electrical conductivity and pH) to observe the pregnancy status, and to determine the practical usage of these parameters as diagnostic biomarker of pregnancy status. In the present study, primiparous Holstein cows (n=133) were included in the mid and late lactation. Milk samples were collected in sterile tubes for SCC and milk components analysis. In each lactation period, SCC, milk yield and milk component parameters were analysed by Student's t test according to pregnancy status. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to determine the predictive threshold using SCC and milk component parameters to discriminate between pregnant and non-pregnant cows. SCC levels were similar for all cows in the mid and late-lactation. In the mid lactation, FFDM, protein, lactose and electrical conductivity were higher and milk yield, fat, freezing point and pH were lower in pregnant cows (p<0.05). In the late lactation, FFDM, protein, lactose and electrical conductivity were significantly higher and milk yield, fat and pH were significantly lower in pregnant pH were the best predictors for pregnancy diagnosis in mid-lactating cows with the AUC values of 0.840, 0.768, 0.780, 0.772, 0.693, 0.792, and 0.901 respectively. Furthermore, fat, FFDM, protein, lactose, electrical conductivity, and pH could be useful diagnostic tools for pregnancy determination in late lactating cows with the AUC values of 0.869, 0.684, 0.661, 0.689, 0.756, and 0.841 respectively. In conclusion, the milk components could be used as rapid, easily accessible, and inexpensive markers for the evaluation of the diagnosis of pregnancy status in primiparous Holstein cows.Öğe Effects of Oxidative Stress-Related Major Molecular Parameters on Milk Composition in Weaning Period of Damascus Goats [1](Kafkas Univ, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2022) Ozkan, Huseyin; Dalkiran, Sevda; Karaaslan, Irem; Kaya, Ufuk; Camdeviren, Baran; Yuksel, Murat; Yakan, AkinThe weaning process in goat breeding is applied in various methods depending on the breeding administration. In this study, blood and milk samples have been collected from Damascus goats at the weaning day (postpartum 105th day-weaned day) and a week later (post-weaned day). In addition to determining cortisol and MDA in plasma, COX-2 and NFE2L2 activities have been investigated both mRNA and protein levels from leucocytes and plasma. Compositional parameters of milk have also been analyzed and the possible relations between studied parameters have been investigated. While expression levels of COX-2 and SCC of milk decreased, pH of milk was increased in post-weaned day samples. The MDA, FFDM, protein, lactose and freezing point were decreased in the post-weaned day. Milk fat was negatively correlated with NFE2L2, and milk protein had positively correlated with SCC and FFDM. On the other hand, lactose was positively correlated with FFDM and protein. In addition, most of the compositional parameters positively correlated with a freezing point; they were negatively correlated with electrical conductivity. According to the results obtained from the study, it is thought that the decrease in milk fat in goats may be an indicator of increased oxidative stress in lactating goats due to the increase in NFE2L2 protein, which has a central role in the antioxidant response.Öğe Effects of propylene glycol used at different doses in Akkaraman lambs rations on metabolism-related parameters and liver gene and protein expression during different feeding periods(Wiley, 2023) Yakan, Akin; Ozkan, Huseyin; Kaya, Ufuk; Keceli, Hasan Huseyin; Dalkiran, Sevda; Karaaslan, Irem; Unal, NecmettinThis study aimed to investigate the metabolic effects of propylene glycol (PG) over 60, 90, and 120 days in lambs. Seventy-two weaned male lambs were allocated into three groups: control (Con), PG1.5 (1.5 mL/kg live weight0.75), and PG3 (3 mL/kg live weight0.75). Blood samples were collected at the beginning and slaughter days. Biochemical parameters (glucose, triglycerides, ALT, AST, LDH, BUN, and insulin) and gene and protein levels of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma), diacylglycerol o-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1), carbohydrate responsive element binding protein (ChREBP), and sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1c (SREBP-1c) in the liver were determined. Glucose in PG1.5 was increased on Day 60, while significant differences were observed in biochemical parameters except for insulin on the 60, 90, and 120 days. Biochemical parameters such as ALT, AST, LDH, and BUN increased over time, while triglycerides decreased. DGAT1 gene and protein levels were lower, while SREBP-1c and PPAR gamma were higher in PG groups on Day 60. While SREBP-1c was lower in PG1.5, ChREBP was higher in PG3 on Day 90. PPAR gamma, DGAT1, and ChREBP were upregulated in PG3 on Day 120. Positive correlations were found between proteins. The long-term use of PG in lambs did not have detrimental effects on metabolism. The study provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the metabolic effects of PG in lambs, shedding light on its potential applications in lamb production.Öğe The effects of the feeding duration of propylene glycol on major meat quality parameters and substantial proteins in the muscle of Akkaraman lambs(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2024) Yakan, Akin; Ozkan, Huseyin; Kaya, Ufuk; Keceli, Hasan Huseyin; Karaaslan, Irem; Dalkiran, Sevda; Akcay, AytacIn this study, the effects of propylene glycol (PG) on meat quality and molecular pathways related to energy metabolism in longissimus lumborum muscle on lambs were evaluated. Seventy-two lambs were divided into three groups consisting of 60th, 90th, and 120th of slaughter days. The dosage of the PG and slaughter days were the variables used in the study. Eight animals were slaughtered from each group on each day. The meat quality parameters (e.g., pH, protein, fatty acid profile) and IGF-1, IGFBP4, and DGAT1 (i.e., mRNA and protein levels) were evaluated. The pH 45 min post-slaughter was higher in PG groups on 120th day. On the 4th day after slaughter, the b value was the lowest in the PG3, while 7th day after slaughter it was highest in Con and PG3 on 90th day. The total n3 and n6 were lowest and the NV was highest on 120th day. The IGFBP4 was upregulated in the PG groups on all of the slaughter days. The DGAT1 was upregulated in the PG3 on the 90th day. The IGF-1, DGAT1, IGFBP4 protein levels were found to have increased in the PG3 on 90th day. The IGFBP4 was found to have decreased in the PG3 on 120th day. According to the results of the study, the oral administration of the PG at the 3 mL/kg live weight0.75 for at least 120 days may have positive effects on meat quality in lambs through the IGF-1, DGAT1, and IGFBP4 genes and the proteins encoded by these genes.Öğe Expression patterns of major genes in fatty acid synthesis, inflammation, oxidative stress pathways from colostrum to milk in Damascus goats(Nature Portfolio, 2021) Yakan, Akin; Ozkan, Huseyin; Camdeviren, Baran; Kaya, Ufuk; Karaaslan, Irem; Dalkiran, SevdaThe molecular regulation of milk secretion and quality in the transition period from colostrum to milk in goats is largely unknown. In the present study, mammary gland secretion of goats was collected in 0th, 4th, 7th, 14th and 28th days after parturition. In addition to composition and fatty acid profile of colostrum or milk, FASN, SCD, ACACA, COX-2, NRF2, TLR2, NF-kB, LTF and PTX3 genes expression patterns were determined from milk somatic cells. While somatic cell count (SCC), malondialdehyde (MDA), fat, fat-free dry matter, protein and lactose were highest as expression levels of the oxidative and inflammatory genes, freezing point and electrical conductivity were lowest in colostrum. With the continuation of lactation, most of the fatty acids, n3 ratio, and odour index increased but C14:0 and C16:0 decreased. While FASN was upregulated almost threefolds in 14th day, ACACA was upregulated more than fivefolds in 7th and 14th days. Separately, the major genes in fatty acid synthesis, inflammation and oxidative stress were significantly associated with each other due to being positively correlated. MDA was positively correlated with SCC and some of the genes related inflammation and oxidative stress. Furthermore, significant negative correlations were determined between SCC and fatty acid synthesis related genes. With this study, transition period of mammary secretion was particularly clarified at the molecular levels in Damascus goats.Öğe The levels of milk fatty acids and alterations of correlations between them in weaning process in damascus goats(Sivar-Soc Italiana Veterinari Animali Reddito, 2022) Ozkan, Huseyin; Karaaslan, Irem; Kaya, Ufuk; Dalkiran, Sevda; Yuksel, Murat; Yakan, AkinWeaning in goat breeding is applied with varying periods and practices. During lactation stages, there are notable changes in the fatty acid profile of goat milk. Weaning is one of the potential breeding practices that may affects the milk fatty acid profile in goats. The aim of this study was to determine the changes in fatty acid profile of milk during weaning process in Damascus goats. Possible changes in the relationships between milk fatty acids and Somatic Cell Score (SCS) were also investigated in the study. Milk samples were collected during morning milking from 24 healthy Damascus goats in the weaned day ( WD) and one week after the weaning (Post Weaned Day, PWD). SCS and fatty acid profile of collected milk samples in both sampled days were determined. Nutritive value, odour and atherogenic indexes of milk samples were also evaluated. While SCS was dramatically decreased after weaning, significant changes at varying levels were determined in milk fatty acids. The levels of C10:0, C12:0, C16:0, and C20:5 n3 fatty acids were lower in the PWD samples than the WD samples, while C11:0, C16:1 n7, C17:0, C17:1 n8, C18:1 n9, C20:0, C20:3 n6, C21:0, C23:0, and C24:0 fatty acids were found at higher levels. Compared to WD samples, Long-chained Fatty Acids (LCFA), Unsaturated Fatty Acids (UFA), Mono-Unsaturated Fatty Acids (MUFA), and Nutritive value parameters were higher in PWD samples. On the other hand, Medium-Chained Fatty Acids (MCFA), Saturated-Fatty Acids (SFA), and atherogenic index were found lower in PWD samples than WD samples. Furthermore, it was determined that the correlations between the fatty acids in milk were changed after weaning application. It was determined that the weaning process had considerable effects on the milk fatty acid profile, and it was thought that the milk quality of Damascus goats increased significantly after weaning application.
