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Öğe Angioleiomyoma of the gingiva: a report of two cases(Korean Acad Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, 2016) Arpag, Osman Fatih; Damlar, Ibrahim; Kilic, Soydan; Altan, Ahmet; Tas, Zeynel Abidin; Ozgur, TumayLeiomyoma is a type of benign smooth muscle neoplasm that is a common neoplasm of the uterus and gastrointestinal tract but rarely affects the head and neck region and is especially unlikely to affect the oral cavity. The diagnosis of leiomyoma is mainly determined by histopathological studies due to variation in its clinical appearance and symptoms. In the present paper we report two rare cases of gingival angioleiomyoma in the posterior maxilla and mandible. After total excision, hematoxylin-eosin and smooth muscle actin staining confirmed the diagnosis of angioleimyoma.Öğe Antimicrobial effects of several calcium silicate-based root-end filling materials(Japanese Soc Dental Materials Devices, 2014) Damlar, Ibrahim; Ozcan, Erhan; Yula, Erkan; Yalcin, Muhammet; Celik, SalihThe purpose of this study was to evaluate, in vitro, the antimicrobial effect of iRoot BP, iRoot BP Plus, and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) against Entercoccus faecalis and Candida albicans by using direct contact test. The materials were tested immediately after application to the microtiter wells and after setting for 1-day and for 7-days. Ten microliters of microbial suspension was added to each well for direct contact with each material for 1 h at 37 degrees C and 100% humidity. Then fresh media was added and, survival of bacteria and fungi was determined by using 10-fold serial dilution and inoculated onto agar plates. In fresh and 1-day samples all of tested materials showed statistically significant antimicrobial effects compared to control groups (p<0.05). In 7-day samples, there were no significantly differences compared to control groups. MTA, iRoot BP and iRoot BP Plus had similar antimicrobial efficacy against E. faecalis and C. albicans.Öğe The applicability of Willems' method for age estimation in southern Turkish children: A preliminary study(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2016) Altan, Halenur Onat; Altan, Ahmet; Bilgic, Fundagul; Sozer, Ozlem Akinci; Damlar, IbrahimThe aims of the present study were to evaluate the applicability and accuracy of Willems' method for assessing southern Turkish children and to analyze the practicability of this method in different age groups for both genders. Panoramic radiographs of 756 children (378 females, 378 males) aged between 5 and 14.99 years were examined by one observer. This retrospective study involved a contemporary southern Turkish population. The chronological ages of the subjects were divided into 10 groups. These 10 groups consisted of children of the following ages 5 and 14.99. Relationships between continuous variables were examined using Pearson's correlation coefficient. The paired t-test was used to compare all data according to gender and age groups. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant for all statistical data. According to the results, a very high correlation was found for both girls (r(2) = 0.946) and for boys (r(2) = 0.940). Dental age (DA) and chronological age (CA) were consistent for girls in the four age groups (5-5.99, 6-6.99, 12-12.99, and 14-14.99) and for boys in the three age groups (5-5.99,13-13.99, 14-14.99). The maturity score of Willems' Belgian samples of the DA was applicable to seven groups of the southern Turkish children. The present study reports that Willems' method is more accurate for girls than for boys. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd and Faculty of Forensic and Legal Medicine. All rights reserved.Öğe Can Resorbable Fixation Screws Replace Titanium Fixation Screws? A Nano-Indentation Study(W B Saunders Co-Elsevier Inc, 2016) Altan, Ahmet; Damlar, Ibrahim; Sahin, OsmanPurpose: The aim of this study was to compare the nano-hardness and elastic modulus of titanium and resorbable screws and determine whether resorbable screws could completely replace titanium screws. Materials and Methods: The mechanical properties (nano-hardness and decreased elastic modulus) of TriMed titanium, resorbable Inion CPS, and Synthes RapidSorb samples were measured using a nanoindentation technique. In this study, a Hysitron TriboIndenter TI 950 with a resolution less than 1 nN and a displacement resolution of 0.04 nm was used for the nano-indentation tests. The unloading segments of the nano-indentation curveswere analyzed using the method of Oliver and Pharr (J Mater Res 7: 1564, 1992). Results: Statistical analysis showed that the values of the elastic modulus and nano-hardness of the TriMed titanium screws were significantly higher than those of the resorbable Inion CPS and Synthes RapidSorb screws (P < .05). A statistical difference was not observed between the values of the elastic modulus and the nano-hardness of the Inion CPS and Synthes RapidSorb screws (P > .05). Conclusions: In this study, the resorbable screws were found to be soft and flexible compared with the titanium screw. According to the results of this nano-indentation study, resorbable and titanium screws cannot be used interchangeably. (C) 2016 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeonsÖğe Comparison of osteoconductive properties of three different ?-tricalcium phosphate graft materials: A pilot histomorphometric study in a pig model(Churchill Livingstone, 2015) Damlar, Ibrahim; Erdogan, Ozgur; Tatli, Ufuk; Arpag, Osman F.; Gormez, Ulas; Ustun, YakupAims: The aim of this study was to compare the de novo bone formation ability and osteoconductive effects of three different beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) graft materials. The micro-architectural parameters of the newly formed bone tissues were also compared among the different graft materials. Material and methods: Eight male Swiss domestic pigs were used in the study. Five bony defects were made with a trephine bur. Three of the defects were filled with Cerasorb (R), Kasios (R) and Poresorb (R). The fourth defect was filled with an autogenous bone graft. The last defect remained empty. All subjects were sacrificed after 8 weeks. Results: When compared to a negative control group, significant healing was observed in all the groups except the Cerasorb group. The osteoconductivity of the Poresorb group was better than that of the other groups (p < 0.05). The difference in the osteoconductivity of the Kasios and Cerasorb groups was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Comparison of the micro-architectural properties of newly formed bone tissues retrieved from the defects showed that those filled with Poresorb were the best. Conclusion: beta-TCP materials show different results in terms of the volume and characteristics of new bone formation, although they have a similar chemical structure. (C) 2014 European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Demonstration of ethyl glucuronide in dental tissue samples by liquid chromatography/electro-spray tandem mass spectrometry(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2013) Zeren, Cem; Keten, Alper; Celik, Salih; Damlar, Ibrahim; Daglioglu, Nebile; Celiker, Adnan; Karaarslan, BekirIntroduction: Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) has been studied in various tissues and body fluid for determination of alcohol intake. However, no study, dealing with EtG analysis in dental tissue, was performed so far. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate EtG levels in dental tissue. Materials and methods: Michigan Alcohol Screening Test (MAST) was performed to 29 participants. Following the test, cases were divided into three groups as non-hazardous alcohol users, alcohol abusers and 6 controls who verbally declared that they were abstainers. A total of 29 tooth specimens, obtained from participants, Was included in the study. These specimens were analyzed using LC/MS/MS. Results: All of the participants included in the study were male. According to the MAST outcomes 14 of the participants were non-hazardous alcohol users, and 9 were alcohol abusers, while 6 patients verbally declared that they were abstainers. Dental tissue analyses revealed EtG levels ranging between EtG < LOD and 23.39 pg/mg. EtG levels were observed to beÖğe Dental Volumetric Tomographical Evaluation of Location and Prevalence of Maxillary Sinus Septa(Cukurova Univ, Fac Medicine, 2013) Damlar, Ibrahim; Evlice, Burcu Keles; Kurt, Sule NurPurpose: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and location of maxillary sinus septa using dental volumetric tomography. Material and Methods: This retrospective study was based on the analysis of dental volumetric tomography images for maxillary sinus in patients who visited Cukurova University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Maxillofacial Radiology for various reasons between January 2010 to October 2011. After exclusion of patient with prior maxillary sinus surgery and presenting any pathologic conditions, 760 patients (1520 maxillary sinuses) were assessed. Analyses of maxillary sinus septa location were made for three regions: anterior for 1st and 2nd premolar, middle for 1st and 2nd molar, posterior for 3rd molar. Results: 47 of maxillary sinus septa existed in the anterior zone (24.7%), 35 of them in the middle zone (18.4%) and 108 of them in the posterior region (56.8%). Conclusion: The formation of the maxillary sinus septa was affected by the existence or lack of the teeth. Correct detection of the presence of maxillary sinus septa was important prior to sinus lifting and dental implant surgery. Dental volumetric tomographical evaluation of maxillary sinus septa was more useful for a correct diagnosis and treatment planning.Öğe Diagnostic Concordance Characteristics of Oral Cavity Lesions(Hindawi Ltd, 2013) Tatli, Ufuk; Erdogan, OzguR; Uguz, Aysun; Ustun, Yakup; Sertdemir, Yasar; Damlar, IbrahimPurpose. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic concordance characteristics of oral cavity lesions by comparing the clinical diagnosis of the lesions with the histopathologic diagnosis. Material and Method. A retrospective analysis was conducted on the patients, who were admitted with oral cavity pathology and underwent biopsy procedure between 2007 and 2011. The oral cavity lesions were classified into 6 different groups as odontogenic cysts, nonodontogenic cysts, odontogenic tumors, nonodontogenic tumors, malignant tumors, and precancerous lesions in accordance with the 2005 WHO classification. The diagnoses were also recategorized into 3 groups expressing prognostic implications as benign, precancerous, and malignant. The initial clinical diagnoses were compared with the histopathologic diagnoses. Data were analyzed statistically. Results. A total of 2718 cases were included. Histopathologic diagnosis did not match the clinical diagnosis in 6.7% of the cases. Nonodontogenic tumors and malignant tumors had the highest misdiagnosis rates (11.5% and 9%, resp.), followed by odontogenic tumors (7.7%), precancerous lesions (6.9%), and odontogenic cysts (4.4%). Clinicians were excelled in diagnosis of benign and precancerous lesions in clinical setting. Conclusion. The detailed discordance characteristics for each specific lesion should be considered during oral pathology practice to provide early detection without delay.Öğe Disappearance of a dental implant after migration into the maxillary sinus: an unusual case(Korean Acad Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, 2015) Damlar, IbrahimMigration of dental implants into the maxillary sinus is uncommon. However, poor bone quality and quantity in the posterior maxilla can increase the potential for this complication to arise during implant placement procedures. The aim of this report is to present a dental implant that migrated into the maxillary sinus and disappeared. A 53-year-old male patient was referred to us by his dentist after a dental implant migrated into his maxillary sinus. The displaced implant was discovered on a panoramic radiograph taken five days before his referral. Using computed tomography, we determined that the displaced dental implant was not in the antrum. There was also no sign of oroantral fistula. Because of the small size of the displaced implant, we think that the implant may have left the maxillary sinus via the ostium.Öğe The effect of Hypericum Perforatum on wound healing of oral mucosa in diabetic rats(Istanbul Univ Press, Istanbul Univ Rectorate, 2018) Altan, Ahmet; Aras, Mutan Hamdi; Damlar, Ibrahim; Gokce, Hasan; Ozcan, Oguzhan; Alpaslan, CansuPurpose This study aims to investigate the histopathological and biochemical effects of the topical application of Hypericum perforatum on the healing of surgical wounds created in the oral mucosa of rats with experimentally induced diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods The study was carried out on 48 adult male Wistar albino rats. The animals were divided into two main groups as control and study groups. Two main groups were divided into three subgroups according to the sacrification days. All rats were given streptozotocin 60 mg/kg, after 72 hours, and those having blood glucose levels above 200 mg/dL were included in the study. Mucosal defects were created in the palatal area of the rats. H. perforatum oil was applied topically twice a day to the wounds of the rats in the study group. Animal were sacrificed on the 3rd, 7th and 10th days and samples taken from the palatal wounds were examined histologically and biochemically. Results On the 7th day, ulceration, necrosis, epithelialization, polymorphonuclear leucocytes and hydroxyproline variables showed statistically significant differences (p<0.05). Ulceration, necrosis and polymorphonuclear leukocytes values were higher in the control group, whereas epithelialization and hydroxyproline values were found to be higher in the H. perforatum group. Among 10th-day groups, there was only a statistically significant difference between the values of hydroxyproline, whereas H. perforatum-treated group showed high hydroxyproline levels (p<0.05). Conclusion Topically applied H. perforatum did not create any difference on the 3rd day, but it has positively affected the wound healing on the 7th and 10th days in diabetic rats.Öğe Effects of glucosamine-chondroitin combination on synovial fluid IL-1?, IL-6, TNF-? and PGE2 levels in internal derangements of temporomandibular joint(Medicina Oral S L, 2015) Damlar, Ibrahim; Esen, Emin; Tatli, UfukBackground: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of glucosamine-chondroitin sulphate combination on internal derangements of temporomandibular joint in clinical and biochemical manners. Material and Methods: This randomized clinical study included 31 cases reporting joint tenderness, in which disc displacement was detected on MR imaging. In all patients, synovial fluid sampling was performed under local anesthesia. In the study group, the patients were prescribed a combination of 1500 mg glucosamine and 1200 mg chondroitin sulphate, while patients in the control group were only prescribed 50 mg tramadol HCl (twice daily) for pain control. After 8 weeks, synovial fluid sampling was repeated in the same manner. The levels of pain, maximum mouth opening (MMO), synovial fluid IL-1 beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha and PGE(2) measured before and after pharmacological intervention were compared. Results: The reduction in pain levels was significant in both groups. There was no significant difference between two groups in terms of pain reduction. The improvement in MMO was significant in the study group but it was not in the control group. The MMO improvement was significantly higher in the study group compared to the control group. In the study group, significant decrease was observed in PGE(2) level, while the decreases in IL-1 beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels were not significant. In the control group, no significant decrease was observed in any of the inflammatory cytokines after 8 weeks, moreover IL-1 beta and IL-6 levels were increased. Alterations of IL-1 beta and IL-6 levels were significant in study group while TNF-alpha and PGE(2) levels were not, compared to control group. Conclusions: In conclusion, these results might suggest that glucosamine-chondroitin combination significantly increases the MMO and decreases the synovial fluid IL1 beta and IL6 levels in internal derangements of TMJ compared to tramadol. The modifications of synovial fluid TNF-alpha and PGE(2) levels do not reach statistical significance. This combination also provides efficient pain relief in similar level with tramadol, a narcotic analgesic.Öğe Effects of Smoking on Periimplant Health Status and IL-1?, TNF-?, and PGE2 Levels in Periimplant Crevicular Fluid: A Cross-Sectional Study on Well-Maintained Implant Recall Patients(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2013) Tatli, Ufuk; Damlar, Ibrahim; Erdogan, Ozgur; Esen, EminPurpose:The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the effects of smoking on periimplant health status and inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor-, and prostaglandin E2 levels in periimplant crevicular fluid (PICF) and to determine their correlation with clinical parameters in well-maintained implant recall patients.Material and Methods:A total of 60 dental implants placed in 60 patients (27 patients were smoker and 33 were nonsmoker) were included in the study. Plaque index, gingival index, probing depth, periimplant bone loss, PICF volume, and biochemical cytokine levels in PICF were determined and analyzed statistically. The correlation between PICF cytokine levels and clinical parameters were also analyzed.Results:All clinical parameters with the exception of plaque scores were significantly higher in the smoker group. Significantly increased levels of cytokines were observed in the smoker group. The correlation between the cytokine levels and clinical parameters were more marked in smokers.Conclusions:Although the implants of the smoker patients seem to be clinically healthy, the results demonstrate that the implants are relatively at risk even if in a well-maintained population.Öğe Efficiency of risk factors causing complication during tooth extraction: A crosssectional study(2012) Tatli, Ufuk; Damlar, Ibrahim; Benlidayi, M. Emre; Üstün, YakupObjective:The aim of this cross-sectional study is to make a contribution to the practical dental education by emphasizing and grading the efficiency of risk factors causing complication during tooth extraction. Materials and Methods:The study consisted of 186 tooth extraction in 108 patients done by intern dental students between 2008 and 2009. The clinical and radiographic data of the patients and complications during extractions were recorded. Chi-square test and Odds Ratio were used in order to analyze the data statistically. Results:The complication rate of intern dental students was 20.43%. The complications were divided into 3 subgroups; crown fracture (%42.1), apical 1/3 root fracture (31.58%), and 2/3 root fracture (%26.32). Root-tip curve, root separation, alveolar bone resorption, crown destruction, restorations, number of roots, and age of the patients increased the complication rate significantly. Gender of the patients and anatomic localization of the teeth did not affect the complication rate significantly. Conclusions:The most potent risk factors were root-tip curve and root separation. The minimum effective risk factors were the number of roots and the age of the patients. In order to prevent complications, pre-operative radiological monitoring of the tooth is mandatory.Öğe Implant treatment of atrophic maxilla following bone augmentation using iliac graft: A case report(2013) Tatli, Ufuk; Damlar, Ibrahim; Benlidayi, M. Emre; Üstün, Yakup; Gürbüz, GözdeAlveolar bone resorption which occurs as a result of teeth extraction or periodontal disease causes functional and esthetic problems. In case of severe jaw-bone atrophy, bone augmentation procedures are becoming necessary prior to implant placement. During the planning of such cases, conebeam computed tomography (CBCT) examination provides detailed qualitative and quantitative data about maxillofacial bones with reduced radiation exposure. This article illustrated the implant treatment of a patient with severe atrophic maxilla following bone augmentation using iliac graft in the light of CBCT examination with 2-year of followup.Öğe Management of obstructive sleep apnea in a Treacher Collins syndrome patient using distraction osteogenesis of the mandible(Korean Acad Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, 2016) Damlar, Ibrahim; Altan, Ahmet; Turgay, Berk; Kilic, SoydanIn this study, we present the surgical treatment of obstructive sleep apnea in a child with Treacher Collins syndrome. A 10-year-old girl with a past history of Treacher Collins syndrome presented to our clinic with her parents for respiratory distress and insomnia. The patient was referred to a sleep laboratory where she was diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea, which was a consequence of her Treacher Collins syndrome. The patient underwent mandibular distraction osteogenesis under general anesthesia. The mandible was expanded by 15 mm using internal bilateral distractors. After distraction osteogenesis, the patient's respiratory problems resolved, and she was able to sleep comfortably. Distraction osteogenesis was an effective method of advancing the mandible, increasing the upper airway space and ultimately preventing obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in patients with Treacher Collins syndrome.Öğe Oral Angioleiomyoma of the Lower Lip: A Case Report(Derman Medical Publ, 2013) Damlar, Ibrahim; Kisa, Halil Ibrahim; Tatli, Ufuk; Altan, Ahmet; Hakverdi, SibelLeiomyoma is a benign smooth muscle tumor that occurs most frequently in the uterine myometrium, gastrointestinal tract, skin and lower extremities. Leiomyoma rarely affects the oral cavity. Angioleiomyoma (vascular leiomyoma) is a histological subtype of the leiomyoma. The diagnosis is commonly determined by histopathological studies. This case report shows a 35-year-old male patient with a lesion of the lower lip. After surgical excision, hematoxylin-eosin and smooth muscle actin staining confirmed the diagnosis of angioleiomyoma.Öğe Relationship between voice function and skeletal effects of rapid maxillary expansion(E H Angle Education Research Foundation, Inc, 2018) Bilgic, Fundagul; Damlar, Ibrahim; Surmelioglu, Ozgur; Sozer, Ozlem Akinci; Tatli, UfukObjective: To evaluate the effects of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) on the vocal quality, maxillary central incisors, midpalatal suture, and nasal cavity in patients with maxillary crossbite. Materials and Methods: Coronal CT scans of 30 subjects (14 boys, 16 girls; mean age, 12.01 +/- 0.75) were taken before RME (T0), and at the end of the expansion phase (T1). Voice samples of all patients were recorded with a high-quality condenser microphone (RODE NT2-A) on a desktop computer at T0 and T1. Statistical analyses were performed using a paired-sample t-test. The degree of association between the changes in the voice parameters and nasal width was assessed with Pearson's correlation. Results: RME treatment produced a significant increase in the transverse dimensions of the midpalatal suture and nasal cavity between T0 and T1 (P < .05). The maximum F0 and jitter (%) results were shown to decrease statistically significantly from T0 to T1 (P < .001 and P = .042, respectively). Between T0 and T1, shimmer (%) and shimmer (dB) exhibited statistically significant increases (P = .037 and P = .019, respectively). Conclusions: After RME therapy, voice quality differences were found to be associated with increases in nasal width.Öğe Retrospective Investigation Of the Prevalence of Impacted Teeth in Hatay(Cukurova Univ, Fac Medicine, 2014) Damlar, Ibrahim; Altan, Ahmet; Tatli, Ufuk; Arpag, Osman FatihPurpose: The purpose of this study were to examine localization, the prevalence of impacted permanent teeth and to perform the distributions according to sex and jaws in Hatay population. Material and Methods: In this retrospective study, up to 5227 orthopantomograms of the patients (2865 women, 2362 men) who were referred to Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Dentistry, Hatay from December 2010 to June 2013 were examined. Data including the age, gender, localization were evaluated by statistical tests. Results: There were 2187 (% 41,8) patients having impacted teeth. The age of the patients ranged from 18 to 80. Among the impacted teeth, mandibular third molars were the most common (% 64,7), followed by maxillary third molars (% 30,9), maxillary canines (% 3,1), mandibular premolars (% 0,4), mandibular canines (% 0,3), maxillary premolars (% 0,2), maxillary central and lateral incisors (% 0,2), mandibular central and lateral incisors (% 0,1), mandibular first and second molarlars (% 0,07), maxillary first and second molars (% 0,03) Conclusion: In later stages of the people who lives in Hatay's life, due to complications of impacted teeth usually extracted. The impacted teeth were seen without causing any symptoms in a small part of population.Öğe To what extent does hyaluronic acid affect healing of xenografts? A histomorphometric study in a rabbit model(Univ Sao Paulo Fac Odontologia Bauru, 2018) Arpag, Osman Fatih; Damlar, Ibrahim; Altan, Ahmet; Tatli, Ufuk; Gunay, AhmetAmong the many graft materials that have been used for the treatment of bone defects in oral and maxillofacial regions is xenograft. To improve osteoconductive effects of xenografts, they have been combined with various biocompatible materials, such as hyaluronic acid and bone morphogenetic protein. Objective: To determine bone-healing capacity of high molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HA) combined with xenograft in rabbit calvarial bone defects. Material and methods: Ten adult male New Zealand rabbits (mean weight 3 kg) were included in the study. Three 6-mm-diameter bicortical cranial defects were created on calvarial bone of all rabbits. These defects were filled as follows: a) xenograft; b) HA+xenograft; c) autograft. One month after the first operation, rabbits were sacrificed. Specimens were evaluated histomorphometrically. Results: Considering multiple comparisons, differences regarding new bone were statistically significant between all groups (p<0.05). The volume of residual graft was significantly decreased in HA group compared to xenograft group (p=0.035). Marrow space, trabecular thickness (TbTh), trabecular width (TbWi), trabecular separation (TbSp), and number of node: number of terminus (NNd:NTm) in the autograft group were significantly better than xenograft and HA groups (p<0.05). However, regarding marrow space, TbTh, TbWi, TbSp, and NNd: NTm values, xenograft and HA groups showed similar results and the difference were not significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: These results support that high molecular weight hyaluronic acid could contribute to the healing of xenograft by improving the percentage of new bone formation and reducing the percentage of residual graft. However, HA did not significantly affect the quality of newly formed bone assessed by microarchitectural parameters.Öğe Treatment of displaced mandibular condylar fracture with botulinum toxin A(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2014) Akbay, Ercan; Cevik, Cengiz; Damlar, Ibrahim; Altan, AhmetThe aim of this case report is to discuss the effect on condylar reduction of botulinum toxin A treatment used in a child with displaced fracture at condylar neck of mandible. A 3-years old boy was admitted to our clinic for incomplete fracture of mandibular symphysis and displaced condylar fracture at the left side. An asymmetrical occlusal splint with intermaxillary fixation was used instead of open reduction and internal fixation because of incomplete fracture of symphysis and possible complications of condyle surgery. However, it was observed that condylar angulation persisted despite this procedure. Thus, botulinum toxin A was administered to masseter, temporalis and pterygoideus medialis muscles. At the end of first month, it was seen that mandibular condyle was almost completely recovered and that fusion was achieved. In conclusion, Botulinum A toxin injection aiming the suppression of masticatory muscle strength facilitates the reduction in the conservative management of displaced condyle in pediatric patients. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
