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Öğe Determination of heteroptera species on canola plants in Hatay province of Turkey(Academic Journals, 2009) Demirel, NihatCanola (Brassica napus L.) is an important oil crop grown for animal feed, oil and biodiesel. Aim of this research was to determine Heteroptera species on canola in Hatay province of Turkey. Twenty-one (21) species belonging to Miridae, Pentatomidae, Lygaeidae, Rhopalidae and Scutelleridae families were identified. Distribution of a total of 1431 adults according to the families and species was as follow: Miridae (1010), Exolygus gemallatus (472), E. rugulipennis (254), Adelphocoris lineolatus (246), E. pratensis (36), Acetropis carinata (1) and Calocoris nemoralis (1); Pentatomidae (235), Eurydema ventrale (140), Holcostethus vernalis (33), E. ornatum (26), Dolycoris baccarum (16), Carpocoris pudicus (10), C. purpureipennis (5), C. fuscispinus (2), Eysarcoris inconspicuus (1), E. fabricii (1) and Nezara viridula (1); Rhopalidae (114) Liorhyssus hyalinus (101), Rhopalus subrufus (11) and Corizus hyosciami (2); Lygaeidae (71) and Nysius cymoides (71); Scutelleridae (1) and Odontotarsus robustus (1). Adults of species belonging to Miridae (70.5%), Pentatomidae (16.4%), Rhopalidae (7.96%), Lygaeidae (4.96%) and Scutelleridae (0.069%) were determined in whole sampling sites and all of the canola varieties. Additionally, nymphs belonging to Miridae (79.7%), Pentatomidae (19.4%) and Lygaeidae (0.8%) families were identified. Miridae was the highest followed by Pentatomidae, Rhopalidae and Lygaeidae; Scutelleridae was the lowest in the whole sampled areas and all canola varieties. Exolygus gemallatus (472), E. rugulipennis (254) and A. lineolatus (246) belonging to Miridae had the highest population densities, especially increasing after the flower stage of canola and reaching the maximum levels at the pod stage.Öğe Determination of population density and infestation rates of peach twig borer, Anarsia lineatella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) on early apricot orchards in Mersin province(Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi, 2020) Seferoğlu, Ahmet İlker; Demirel, NihatAims: Peach twig borer (PTB), Anarsia lineatella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is one of the important pests of apricot in Turkey. The study was conducted in 2013-2014 to determine the population density and infestation rates of PTB on early apricot orchards in Anamur district of Mersin province in Turkey. Methods and Results: The study was conducted in five early apricot orchards of the villages Kalınören (Trintina), Ören (Trintina), Cerenler I (Nimfa), Cerenler II (Trintina) and İskele (Trintina) of Anamur district. The peach twig borer of pheromone (E-5 Decenyl acetate 5,0 mg/capsul E5 Decenol 1,0 mg/capsul) was used in Econex polillero trap + DDVP impregnated tablet. Each of sampled orchard contained one pheromone trap. The traps were hanged at South-East direction of the trees about 1.5- 2 m above ground, checked weekly and the caught adults were counted and cleaned.. Randomly chosen 20 trees’ twigs (20/tree) and fruits (50/tree) were checked, apart from the trap hanging trees, in order to determine the infestation rates. After two years of the study, the population density of pest varied between each sampling year. In the first year, a total of 46 PTB adults were caught by five pheromone traps at five early apricot orchards. The first adults were caught on 14 April, and the highest number of catches was on 12 May. The highest number of PTB adults was in May with 67.4%, followed by April with 32.6%. In the second year, a total of 66 PTB adults were caught by five pheromone traps at five early apricot orchards. The first adults were caught on 13 April, and the highest number of catches was on 11 May. The highest number of PTB adults was in May with 68.2%, followed by in April with 31.8%. It was observed that PTB had one generation and the pest did not cause any significant infestation on early apricot varieties. Conclusions: The highest number of the PTB adults were caught by pheromone traps in May, following in April in both years. The pest had one genaration and not cause any significant infestation on early apricot varieties. Significance and Impact of the Study: The pests were recoved by pheromone traps at all early apricot orchards and the highest number of adults caught in May, following in April. The pest had one genaration and not cause any significant infestation on early apricot varieties.Öğe EFFECTIVENESS OF VARIOUS ATTRACTANTS FOR MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY, CERATITIS CAPITATA (WIEDEMANN) (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) ON POMEGRANATE FRUITS IN TURKEY(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2018) Demirel, Nihat; Yildirim, Ahmet Emin; Kilic, GamzeThe Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a serious pest on pomegranate fruits in Turkey. The objective of this study was to determine effectiveness of various attractants to Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) on pomegranate fruits in Hatay province of Turkey. The Decis traps baited with various attractants impregnated in paper handkerchief dispensers were used. After two years of the study, effectiveness of various attractants to C. capitata varied in each of the pomegranate variety and sampling year. In the first year, the highest mean of catches on Ilicaz' pomegranate were observed on the combination of ammonium acetate + ammonium bicarbonate attractant traps. In addition, the highest mean of catches on 'Katirbasi' pomegranate were observed on the combination of ammonium acetate + ammonium bicarbonate + putrescine attractant traps. However, the lowest mean of catches on 'Hicaz' and 'Katirbase pomegranate were observed on the combination of ammonium bicarbonate + trimethylamine + putrescine attractant traps in both studies. In the second year, the highest mean of catches on 'Hicaz' I, II pomegranate were observed on the combination of ammonium acetate + ammonium carbonate attractant traps in both studies. On the other hand, the lowest mean of catches on 'Hicaz' I, II pomegranate were observed on the combination of ammonium acetate + trimethylamine + putrescine and a single ammonium acetate attractant traps. The highest mean of catches on Katirbasi pomegranate were observed on the combination of ammonium acetate + trimethylamine + cadaverine attractant traps, whereas the lowest mean of catches were observed on the combination of ammonium acetate + trimethylamine + putrescine and a single ammonium acetate attractant traps. The highest percentages of damage ratios were observed on 'Hicaz' (18%) in 2015 and (14%) in 2016.Öğe EFFICACY OF VARIOUS ATTRACTANTS TO MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY, CERATITIS CAPITATA (WIEDEMANN) (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) ON PERSIMMON FRUITS IN TURKEY(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2019) Demirel, NihatThe Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a serious pest on persimmon fruits in Turkey. The study was conducted in 2015-2017 to determine efficacy of various attractants to C. capitata on persimmon fruits in Hatay province of Turkey. The Decis and Maxitrap traps baited with various attractants impregnated in paper handkerchief dispensers were used. After three years of the study, efficacy of various attractants to C. capitata varied in each of the sampling year. In 2015, the highest mean of catches were observed on single ammonium bicarbonate and the combination of ammonium bicarbonate + diammonium phosphate attractant traps. In 2016, the mean of the catches with all attractant traps were significantly higher than those of the previous year and yet statistically there were no significant differences among them. In 2017, the highest mean of catches were observed on ammonium acetate, ammonium carbonate and ammonium bicarbonate attractant traps. In conclusion, the Decis traps baited with ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium bicarbonate + diammonium phosphate attractants capture both females and males of C. capitata. The Maxitrap traps baited with high concentrations of ammonium acetate, ammonium carbonate and ammonium bicarbonate attractants caught significantly high numbers of C. capitata comparing to commercially available ammonium acetate + trimethylamine + putrescine and ammonium acetate + trimethylamine + cadaverine attractant traps. The highest mean of the damage rates were observed with 9 percent in 2015, followed with 7 percent in 2016, and 4.40 percent in 2017. In addition, In three years, the percent of the damage fruits increased the last two estimations due to ripening and harvesting time of persimmon fruits.Öğe Employing pheromone traps to establish the distribution and seasonal activity of Theresimima ampellophaga in Turkey(Springer, 2010) Can, Feza; Demirel, Nihat; Sagiroglu, Erkan Isa; Toshova, Teodora; Subchev, MitkoThe vine bud moth, Theresimima ampellophaga (Bayle-Barelle 1808) (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae; Procridinae), is a pest on grape vine, Vitis vinifera (L.), and on the ornamental vine Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) and other Parthenocissus species. Its recent distribution in Europe is relatively well known, but there is a paucity of locality data for Turkey. As a consequence, we began a large-scale investigation into its distribution and seasonal activity in this country in 2008. The main tools for these investigations were pheromone traps that were baited with the synthetic pheromone of the species, viz. (2R)-butyl (Z7)-tetradecenoate. As a result of field work carried out in the eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey in 2008 and 2009, Th. ampellophaga was recorded in five provinces, viz. Adana, Mersin, Hatay, Kahramanmaras and Kilis. The only province where the pest was not found was Gaziantep. Theresimima ampellophaga produces one or two generations per year, depending on the local conditions and other unknown factors. The moths of the first generation fly in June, while those of the second generation occur in August. To the best of our knowledge the present paper provides the first well-documented evidence of the occurrence of a second generation of the vine bud moth in Turkey.Öğe Evaluation of seasonal population fluctuation of plants bugs (Hemiptera: Miridae) on cotton plants of Amik Plain(2022) Demirel, NihatAims: Evaluation of seasonal population fluctuation of plants bugs (Lygus gemellatus (HerrichSchäffer), Lygus pratensis Linnaeus, and Creontiades pallidus (Rambur) (Hemiptera: Miridae) on cotton plants of Amik Plain.Methods and Results: The studies were carried out at fifty cotton fields located in Kırıkhan, Reyhanlı, Kumlu, Demirköprü and Uydukent districts of Amik Plain in Hatay province. Each of district contained 10 different cotton fields. The samplings were weekly taking by using a 45-cm diameter sweep-net, taking 25 (back-forth) sweep samples per site. The adults and nymphs of plant bugs were sorted out from plants materials, counted and recorded for each of the sampling locality and cotton field. A total of 1855 of plant bugs were caught by sweep-net at five (fifty cotton fields) sampled districts. The largest number of plants bugs were recorded in Demirköprü, followed by Reyhanlı, Uydukent, Kumlu and Kırıkhan. In addition, the highest mean of plant bugs were recorded on 8 October comparing to others sampling dates. Moreover, the largest amount of plants bugs were recorded in September, followed in October, August and July. In general, population density of plant bugs in Demirköprü, Reyhanlı, Uydukent and Kumlu districts were significantly higher than in Kırıkhan district.Conclusions: The highest number of plants bugs (Lygus gemellatus (HerrichSchäffer), Lygus pratensis Linnaeus, and Creontiades pallidus (Rambur) were recorded in Demirköprü, followed by Reyhanlı, Uydukent, Kumlu and Kırıkhan districts. Moreover, the largest number of plants bugs were recorded in September, followed in October, August and July.Significance and Impact of the Study: A total of 1855 of plant bugs were caught by sweep-net at five sampled districts. The highest number of plants bugs were recorded in Demirköprü, followed by Reyhanlı, Uydukent, Kumlu and Kırıkhan districts. Moreover, the largest amount of plants bugs were recorded in September, followed in October, August and July. In general, population density of plant bugs in Demirköprü, Reyhanlı, Uydukent and Kumlu districts were significantly higher than in Kırıkhan district.Öğe Insecticidal effects of essential oils from Labiatae and Lauraceae families against cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) in stored pea seeds(Entomology & Applied Science Research Letters-Easletters, 2017) Demirel, Nihat; Erdogan, CahitThe cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), is one of the most serious pests of stored pulse seeds. The essential oils obtained from rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), Turkish oregano (Origanum onites L.), sweet marjoram (Origanum majorana L.), Greek oregano (Origanum vulgare L.), mountain oregano (Origanum minutiflorum L.) and laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) have been analyzed by GC and GC-MS and tested for their insecticides effects against the cowpea weevil. In the current study, 1,8 cineole (21.45%), camphor (19.70%) from rosemary, 1,8 cineole (37.84%), alpha-terpinyl acetate (15.33%) from laurel, carvacrol (57.01%) from Turkish oregano, carvacrol (34.14%), thymol (20.36%), terpinene-4-ol (12.31%) from sweet marjoram, carvacrol (59.87%), p-cymene (17.55%) from Greek oregano, carvacrol (52.04%), p-cymene (22.87%) from mountain oregano have been identified as the main volatile components. In both bioassays, essential oil extracted from rosemary and laurel resulted in significant mortality on the cowpea weevil with 1.6 (mu g mL(-1)) concentrations comparing with the sweet marjoram, the Turkish oregano, the Greek oregano and mountain oregano. The essential oil extracted from the laurel and rosemary had the lower lethal concentrations compared with the Turkish oregano, sweet marjoram, Greek oregano and mountain oregano in both bioassays. The major components of 1,8 cineole, camphor, alpha-terpinyl acetate, carvacrol, thymol, terpinene-4-ol, p-cymene act as insecticides to the cowpea weevil. The essential oils extracted from rosemary and laurel can be recommended as a potential source of environment-friendly botanical insecticide in control of the cowpea weevil.Öğe Population density and damage ratios of Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) on pomegranate orchards in Turkey(Entomology & Applied Science Research Letters-Easletters, 2016) Demirel, NihatThe Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a serious pest on pomegranate in Turkey. The objective of this study was to determine of the population density and damage ratios of the medfly on pomegranate in Antakya district of Hatay province of Turkey. The eostrap r invaginada traps baited with % 95 Trimedlure impregnated in a polymeric plug-type dispenser were used. After two years of the study, the medfly was recorded in ten sampled sites. The population density of this pest varied over the sampling periods. The largest percentages of total catches per traps were recorded in November (53.68) and October (44.2) in 2012, and November (73.6) and October (22.2) in 2014. In addition, the highest mean catches per traps were recorded in November and October, while the lowest mean catches per traps were recorded in August, September and December in both years. In the first year, the largest percentages of damage ratios were recorded at orchard II (14), followed by orchard VI (12), orchard I (11), orchard IV (9), orchard III (7), orchard V (7). In the second year, the highest percentages of damage ratios were recorded at orchard IV (25), followed by orchard III (22), orchard II (15) and orchard I (12). In conclusion, the population density of medfly on pomegranate increased in October and November due to ripening and harvesting time of fruits. The medfly caused significantly more damage on Katibasi pomegranate than Hicaz pomegranate in Hatay province of Turkey.Öğe A POPULATION FLUCTUATION AND DAMAGE RATES OF CERATITIS CAPITATA (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) ON PERSIMMON FRUITS IN TURKEY(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2018) Kilic, Gamze; Demirel, NihatThe Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a serious pest on persimmon fruits in Turkey. The study was conducted in 2013-2014 to evaluate population fluctuation and damage rates of C. capitata on persimmon fruits in Hatay province of Turkey. The eostrap (R) invaginada traps baited with % 95 trimedlure impregnated in a polymeric plug-type dispenser were used. After two years of the study, the mean of catches, percentages of male and female and damage ratio of C. capitata varied in the sampling period and orchard. In 2013, the largest mean of catches per trap were recorded on 4 August in Belen and 25 August in Harbiye districts. The percentages of male per trap with 78.69 in Belen and 91.35 in Harbiye districts were higher than females with 21.31 in Belen and 8.65 in Harbiye districts. In 2014, the largest mean of catches per trap were recorded on 10 August in Belen and 17 August in Harbiye districts. The percentages of male per trap with 84.62 in Belen and 67.47 in Harbiye districts were higher than females with 15.38 in Belen and 32.53 in Harbiye districts. The percentages of damage ratio of C. capitata varied in each of the sampled orchard in both years. In 2013, the highest damage ratio of this pest was observed at the Belen IX orchard with 10.08 percent. In 2014, the highest damage ratio of C. capitata was observed at the Harbiye III orchard with 7.01 percent. In conclusion, the largest mean catches and percentages of male and female per trap were significantly high in August in both years and the percentages of damage ratio of this pest increased ripening and harvesting time of persimmon fruits in Hatay province of Turkey.Öğe Population Fluctuation and Infestation Rates of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) on Different Pomegranate Varieties in Hatay (Turkey)(2020) Demirel, NihatThe Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a serious pest on pomegranate in Turkey. The purpose of this study was to determine population fluctuation and infestation rates of medfly on various pomegranate varieties in Hatay province of Turkey. The Eostrap® invaginada traps baited with % 95 Trimedlure impregnated in a polymeric plug-type dispenser were used. The fruit infestation assessment was measured by a hundred fruits chosen randomly from ten trees in each of sampled orchard and checked for medfly punctures and infested fruits were counted. As a result of two-year investigations, this pest was found in six sites, which are located in Kırıkhan (Delibekirli, Kurtlu soğuksu) and Serinyol districts of Hatay province.In 2010, the highest mean of the catches per traps were recorded on 13 October (236.5), followed by 6 October (166.5), 29 September (145.5), 20 October (145.0) and 22 September (110.0) on ‘Karamehmet+katırbaşı’ varieties in Delibekirli village. Moreover, the highest mean of the catches per traps were recorded on 6 October (38.0), followed by 13 October (33.5), 20 October (17.0), 29 September (16) and 22 September (9) on ‘Katırbaşı’ varieties in Kurtlu soğuksu. In 2011, the highest mean of the catches per traps were recorded on 7 November (240.0), followed by 14 November (162.5), 31 October (100.5), 24 October (58) and 21 November (32) on Katırbaşı and Hicaz varieties of Serinyol district. The highest percentages of infestation rates were observed at orchard II (42) on ‘Karamehmet+katırbaşı’, followed orchard I (37) on ‘Karamehmet+katırbaşı’, orchard III (7) on ‘Katırbaşı’ and orchard IV (3) on ‘Katırbaşı’ varieties 2010. In addition, the highest percentages of infestation rates were observed at orchard I (44) on ‘Katırbaşı’, followed at orchard II (8) on ‘Hicaz’ varieties 2011. The highest mean of medfly was observed in October and September in 2010, and in November and October in 2011 due to ripening and harvesting time of fruits. The medfly caused significantly more infestation rates on ‘Karamehmet+katırbaşı’ and ‘Katırbaşı’ pomegranate than ‘Hicaz’ pomegranate.Öğe Seasonal flight patterns of the honeydew moth, Cryptoblabes gnidiella Milliere (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in pomegranate orchards as observed using pheromone traps(Entomology & Applied Science Research Letters-Easletters, 2016) Demirel, NihatThe honeydew moth (HM), Cryptoblabes gnidiella Mill. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is a serious pest on pomegranate in Turkey. Pheromone traps, baited with 1 mg (Z)-11-hexadecenal (Z11-16: Ald), (E)-11-hexadecenal (E11-16: Ald), (Z)-13-octadecenal (Z13-18: Ald), and (E)-13-octadecenal (E13-18: Ald) impregnated in rubber septa were used for determination of the seasonal flight activity of this pest in two districts of Hatay province, Turkey. After two years of the study, the pest was found in ten sampled sites. The seasonal activity of the pest was low in May and November, while it increased from June to October in both years. The percentages of the total caught over this period were in May to June (22%), July to September (54%) and October to December (24%) in 2010, and in May to June (25%), July to September (63%) and October to December (12%) in 2011. The seasonal flight activity of this pest was recorded from May through December and thus the pest has considered to have four overlapping generations per year; the first in May to June, the second in July, the third in August-September and the fourth in October-November on pomegranate orchards in Hatay province of Turkey.Öğe Seasonal population fluctuations and damage rates of Capnodis tenebrionis L. and Capnodis carbonaria L. (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in apricot orchards in Malatya province(2021) Karaca, Zeynep; Demirel, NihatAims: Seasonal population fluctuations and damage rates of Capnodis tenebrionis L. and Capnodis carbonaria L. (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in apricot orchards in Malatya province.Methods and Results: The study was conducted in 2010-2011 in thirteen apricot orchards in Akçadağ, Battalgazi and Doğanşehir districts of Malatya province. The study was carried out in seven and six apricot orchards in 2010 and 2011 respectively. In both years, the sampled apricot orchards were visited every week and counts were done by visual inspection method. After two years of the study, the population density of pest varied between each sampling year. A total of 1020 Capnodis adults were collected in 2010 from all the sampling areas. Among these, 805 were C. tenebrionis (688?:117?) and 215 were C. carbonaria (193?:22?). The first adult male and female emergence for C. tenebrionis was observed on 27th April and 18th May in 2010 respectively. For C. carbonaria first male and female emergence was observed on 22nd June and 20th July respectively. A total of 1170 Capnodis adults were collected in 2011 from all the sampling areas. Among these, 903 were C. tenebrionis (790?:113?) and 267 were C. carbonaria (225?:42?). The first adult male and female emergence for C. tenebrionis was observed on 23rd April and 30th April in 2011 respectively.Conclusions: In 2010, the largest percentages of C. tenebrionis male were collected in August, July and September, while those of its female were collected in August, September and July. The highest number of C. carbonaria male and female were collected in August, September and July. In 2011, the largest percentages of C. tenebrionis male and female were collected in July, August, September and June. The largest percentages of C. carbonaria male were collected in July, August, September and June, while those of its female were collected in July, August and June.Significance and Impact of the Study: The higher number of C. tenebrionis was collected by visual inspection method. The higher number of C. tenebrionis was collected than C. carbonaria in both years. The damage rates were observed on various varieties between 0.7-30 % in 2010 and 1.3-30 % in 2011.Öğe Seasonal Population Fluctuations and Damage Rates of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) on Pomegranate Orchards in Osmaniye Province(Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ Rektorlugu, 2021) Demirel, Nihat; Cardak, MuratThe Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is one of the important pests of pomegranate in Turkey. The studies were conducted in 2012-2013 to determine seasonal population fluctuations and damage rates of medfly at pomegranate orchards in Osmaniye province. The study was carried out using the Econex yellow traps and pheromones (%95 trimedlure) and DDVP at four different pomegranate orchards in 2012 (11 August to 21 December), and at four different pomegranate orchards in 2013 (11 August to 30 November) all of which were 'Hicaz' variety. The pheromone traps were weekly checked and captured medfly adults were counted and then cleaned. During the harvest time, except from pheromone trap hanging tree, 300 pomegranate fruits were randomly selected to evaluate the number of the damaged fruits in the each orchard. In 2012, the medfly adults caught by traps at two orchards and the highest number of them was recorded on 26 October, followed on 09-23 November and 15 September. The largest percentages of medfly was observed in November (45.8), followed September (23.8), October (20.8), August (8.3) and December (1.19). In 2013, the medfly adults caught by traps at all orchards and the highest number of them was recorded on 10 November, followed on 3 November and 13 October. The largest percentages of medfly was observed in November (35.4), followed September (32.85), October (28.83) and August (2.92). In 2012, the highest percentages of damage rates was observed at orchard II (7.33), followed orchard I (5.66). In 2013, the highest percentages of damage rates was observed at orchard I (10.33), followed at orchard IV (10), orchard III (6.66), and orchard II (5.66).Öğe A study on occurrence and population trends of the carob moth, Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in pomegranate orchards by using pheromone traps(Entomology & Applied Science Research Letters-Easletters, 2016) Demirel, NihatThe carob moth (CM), Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is a serious pest on pomegranate in Turkey. Pheromone traps, baited with 1 mg Z9, E11-hexadecadienal, Z9-tetradecenal, Z9, E11,13-tetradecatrienal (1: 1: 8) impregnated in rubber septa were used for seasonal monitoring of this pest in two districts of Hatay province, Turkey. After two years of the study, the pest was found in thirty-three sampled sites. The relative population level of the pest was higher in Kirikhan district than was in Antakya district. The seasonal activity of CM increased from June to October, and the percentage of the total moths caught over the sampling period was high in October and September due to temperature and ripening period of fruits. The major flight period of the pest was observed to be from April through mid-November and thus the pest have four overlapping generations; the first generation develops from mid-April until late June, the second generation from late June to late August, the third generation from September to late October and the fourth generation overwinters as larvae on remaining fruits and completes its development at the beginning of spring, on pomegranate fruit in Hatay province of Turkey.Öğe A study on percentages of damage ratios of the European corn borer (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on sweet corn cultivars(Entomology & Applied Science Research Letters-Easletters, 2017) Demirel, Nihat; Konuskan, OmerThe European corn borer (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is one of the most important pest of grain corn and sweet corn in Turkey. The objective of this study was to assess percentage damage ratios of the ECB on stalk and corncobs of various sweet corn varieties in Reyhanli district of Hatay province of Turkey. The studies were carried out in 2015-2016 with four different sweet corn varieties including Caremelo, Vega, Merit and Batem. After two years of the study, the ECB larvae caused significant damages on stalk and corncobs of all sweet corn varieties. The percentage damage of stalk and corncobs varied for each of the sweet corn varieties in both years. In the first year, the highest percentages of stalk damage ratios were recorded on Batem (32.45), followed by Vega (19.85), Merit (17.07) and Caremelo (16.72). In the second year, the highest percentages of stalk damage ratios were observed on Merit (59.34), followed by Caremelo (51.65), Batem (45.09) and Vega (35.49). In the first year, the largest percentages of corncobs damage ratios were recorded on Vega (25.73), followed by Batem (16.74), Caremelo (12.11), and Merit (9.30). In the second year, the highest percentages of corncobs damage ratios were observed on Caremelo (14.31), followed by Merit (13.72), Batem (9.98) and Vega (8.93). In conclusion, the largest percentages of stalk + corncobs damages ratios were observed on Batem (49.19), followed by Vega (45.58), Caremelo (28.83) and Merit (26.37) in 2015, while the highest percentages of stalk + corncobs damages ratios were recorded on Merit (73.06), followed by Caremelo (65.96), Batem (55.07) and Vega (44.42) in 2016.Öğe TRAPPING GENDERS OF CERATITIS CAPITATA (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) AND OTHER DIPTERAN WITH VARIOUS ATTRACTANTS ON POMEGRANATE FRUITS IN TURKEY(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2019) Demirel, NihatThe Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a serious pest on pomegranate fruits in Turkey. The study was conducted in 2013-2014 to catch genders of Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) and other Dipteran with attractants on pomegranate fruits in Hatay province of Turkey. In both years, the transparent 500 ml polyethylene bottles with four holes were used as traps. After two-year of the study, the trapping male, female of C. capitata and other Dipteran with various attractants varied in each of the sampling year. In 2013, traps baited with the combination of ammonium acetate + ammonium carbonate had the highest mean of catches male, female and male + female on the `Katirbap' pomegranate. In 2014, two studies were conducted at Ilicaz' and `Katirba i' pomegranate orchards. At the'Hicaz', traps baited with the combination of ammonium acetate + ammonium bicarbonate had the highest mean of male, while ammonium acetate + ammonium carbonate had the highest mean of female. In addition, traps baited with the combination of ammonium acetate + ammonium carbonate and ammonium acetate + ammonium bicarbonate had the highest mean of male + female. At the `KatirbaW, traps baited with a single of the di ammonium phosphate and the combination of ammonium acetate + ammonium bicarbonate had the highest mean of male, female and male + female. Traps baited with the combination of ammonium acetate + yeast powder in 2013 and a single of ammonium bicarbonate in 2014 had the highest mean of other Dipteran species.
