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    Somatosensory impairments in patients with multiple sclerosis: association with dynamic postural control and upper extremity motor function
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2020) Dogru Huzmeli, Esra; Duman, Taskin
    Purpose: We planned this study to bring attention to the somatosensory impairments in patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) and to investigate relationship of somatosensory impairments with dynamic postural stability and upper extremity motor function. Methods: Seven males and 23 females, 30 patients with mean EDSS 2.9 (SD = 1.4), aged between 18 and 65 years (mean = 41.43 +/- 14.90 years) were included in this clinical study. Light touch sensorial assessment was made with Semmes Weinstein monofilament test and proprioception by distal proprioception test. Hand strength was measured by the Jamar dynamometer, fine motor skill was examined with nine-hole peg test, functional reach test in sitting and standing position was applied. Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living Scale (NEADLS) was used to measure everyday activities. Results: We found a negative and moderate correlation between FRT in standing and light touch of the middle of the heel (right: -0.515), metatarsal bone (right r: 0.453, left r: -0.426), and medial of the foot (right r: -0.462). There was a negative and moderate correlation between NEADLS and light touch of the metatarsal bone (right r: -0.564, left r: -0.472), medial of the foot (right r: -0.531, left r: -0.479), and lateral of the foot (right r: -0.526). We found a positive and moderate correlation between proprioception of the ankle (right r: 0.421 left r: 0.588) and NEADLS. Conclusions: We found impairment in light touch and proprioception and, associations between sensorial functions and dynamic postural stability in PwMS. Also impaired sensorial functions cause dependent patients in daily living activities. In the assessment of balance and falling risk, independency in daily living activities; foot light touch and proprioception sense should be taken into account, hence it may provide guidance in planning rehabilitation programmes. Abbreviations: MS: multiple sclerosis; PwMS: patients with multiple sclerosis; VAS: visual analogue scale; FRT: functional reach test; 9-HPT: Nine-hole peg test; EDSS: The Expanded Disability Status Scale; NEADLS: Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living Scale
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    WHAT DO PHYSIOTHERAPY AND REHABILITATION STUDENTS THINK ABOUT ONLINE LEARNING DURING THE PANDEMIC?
    (Turkey Assoc Physiotherapists, 2022) Dogru Huzmeli, Esra; Tugral, Yagmur; Gokcek, Ozden; Kavvasoglu, Itir; Filiz, Muhammet Sehmus; Pazarbasi, Batin; Cift, Fatma Eda
    Purpose: Online learning is a comprehensive type of education in which the teacher and the student are physically separated. We wanted to know how online learning was evaluated through the view of physiotherapy and rehabilitation students. Methods: We included 283 students from department of physiotherapy and rehabilitation in the study. A questionnaire that consisted of 45 multiple-choice questions and 2 open-ended questions was applied to the students. The questions involved whether the student has previously participated in any online learning program, has had access to online learning and technical problems experienced during access. Results: Our study included 210 (74.20%) women and 73 (25.80%) men. We questioned status of having online learning before the pandemic and 49.82% of the students reported that they did not receive online learning before. We found that 21.55% of the students could not motivate themselves. 30.39% of the students thought having insufficient education in the practical courses due to online education. 10.25% of the students stated that they could not access the necessary equipment for online learning. In the question about they received high-quality education with online learning; 21.55% of the students stated that they did not agree at all. Conclusion: We think that it is more beneficial to give some theoretical courses online and synchronized, and practical courses face to face. Therefore, we think that it will be beneficial to postpone the practical courses that cannot be done face to face due to the pandemic and to give those courses face to face after the pandemic process.