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Öğe Coagulase gene polymorphism of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from subclinical bovine mastitis(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2007) Aslantas, Ozkan; Demir, Cemil; Turutoglu, Huelya; Cantekin, Zafer; Ergun, Yasar; Dogruer, GokhanThis study was conducted to investigate the coagulase gene polymorphism of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from subclinical bovine mastitic milk samples from 3 different Turkish cities (Hatay, Gaziantep, and Burdur). Amplification of the coagulase gene from 80 S. aureus isolates produced 5 different polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products; 79 isolates showed only 1 amplicon, and 1 isolate showed 2 amplicons. The isolates were grouped into 9 genotypes by analysing the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the gene; the 2 most common genotypes accounted for 73.8% of the isolates. The results indicated that many coagulase gene genotypes are present in the studied regions and only 1 or 2 genotypes predominated.Öğe The Comparison of the Pregnancy Rates Obtained after the Ovsynch and Double Dose PGF2? + GnRH Applications in Lactating Dairy Cows(Medwell Online, 2010) Dogruer, Gokhan; Saribay, Mustafa Kemal; Karaca, Fikret; Ergun, YasarThis study was carried out to compare the pregnancy rates in timed artificial inseminations after Ovsynch and PGF(2 alpha) + GnRH applications on lactating dairy cows. The research was conducted in a commercial dairy farm on 84 lactating Holstein cows which the ages were ranging between 3-5 years old and between 80-120 days postpartum. The cows were randomly assigned to two groups as Ovsynch (n = 42) and Prosta Glandin (PG) (n = 42). The cows in Ovsynch group recieved 10.5 mu g(-1) GnRH at day 0, 500 mu g(-1) PGF(2 alpha) at day 7 and 10.5 mu g(-1) GnRH at day 9 intramuscularly. The cows in PG group recieved 500 mu g(-1) PGF(2 alpha) two times with an interval of 14 days and 10.5 mu g(-1) GnRH intramuscularly 48 h after the second PGF(2 alpha) injection. Artificial inseminations were applied to the cows in. both of the groups between 16-20 h after the GnRH injections. The pregnancy diagnosis was performed 30 days after the artificial inseminations by ultrasonography. The pregnancy rates were determined as 35.7% (15/42) in Ovsynch group and 47.6% (20/42) in PG group. Although, the pregnancy rate were higher in PG group than the Ovsynch group the differrence was not statistically important (p>0.05). It was concluded that the programme consisted of 14 days interval double dose PGF(2 alpha) injections, GnRH applications 48 h following the second PGF(2 alpha) injection and timed artificial insemination 16-20 h after the GnRH injection could be an alternative to the Ovsynch programme in timed artificial inseminations.Öğe The Effects of Long and Short Term Applications of Progestogen Containing Vaginal Sponges and Subcutaneus Implants on Fertility During Breeding Season in Damascus Goats(Kafkas Univ, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2011) Ozer, Mustafa Ozcan; Dogruer, GokhanThis study was carried out to determine the effect of short and long term applications of fluorogestone acetate vaginal sponges and norgestomet ear implants on the fertility parameters on Damascus goats. Eightyeight multiparous goats, between 3-6 years of ages, having no fertility problem were randomly assigned to 4 groups as; long term sponge (LTS, n = 22), short term sponge (STS, n = 22), long term implants (LTI, n = 22) and short term implants (STI, n = 22). The vaginal sponges were applied for 14 days to LTS group and for 6 days to STS group. The ear implants were applied for 14 days to LTI group and for 6 days to STI group. In all groups 2 days before the implant or sponge removal 400 IU PMSG and 75 mcg Cloprostenol were injected intramuscularly. Estrous response time were found as 27.6 +/- 0.4, 27.6 +/- 0.4, 28.6 +/- 0.4 and 27.7 +/- 0.5 h after the sponge removal in the LTS, STS, LTI and STI groups, respectively. The estrous rates were detected as 95.4%, 95.4%, 95.4% as 86.3% in the LTS, STS, LTI and STI groups, respectively. The pregnancy rates were 72.7%, 68.2%, 72.7% and 68.3% in the LTS, STS, LTI and STI groups respectively. The conception rates were found to be 76.1%, 71.4%, 76.1% and 78.9% in the LTS, STS, LTI and STI groups respectively. The kidding rates were found to be 93.8%, 86.7 %, 87.5% and 93.3% in the LTS, STS, LTI and STI groups respectively. The prolificacy rates were 133%, 130%, 135% and 128% in the LTS, STS, LTI and STI groups respectively. No statistical difference were found in the estrous response time, estrous rate, pregnancy rate, conception rate, kidding rate and the prolificacy rates among the LTS, STS, LTI and STI groups (P>0.05). It was concluded that the estrous of the Damascus goats during the breeding season could be synchronized succesfully by the short or long term application of the FGA sponges and norgestomet implants with the combination of PMSG and PGF2 alpha. No difference in the fertility parameters in the short or long term application were detected. Short term applications were found as succesful as long term applications. Therefore the short term applications were found to be more useful for the flexiblity of the usage in the field conditions.Öğe Evaluation of Dietary L-Carnitine Supplementation during the Last Trimester of Pregnancy in Pregnancy Toxemia-Susceptible Goats: An Observational Field Study(Inst Tecnologia Parana, 2024) Urer, Ece Koldas; Kose, Ayse Merve; Raza, Sanan; Saribay, Mustafa Kemal; Dogruer, Gokhan; Ozsoy, BulentL-carnitine, an increasingly vital compound in livestock nutrition, plays a pivotal role in facilitating the beta -oxidation of fatty acids. This study aimed to investigate the impacts of L-carnitine supplementation, administered at varying doses, on pregnancy toxemia susceptible goats. A total of 150 goats underwent estrus synchronization, natural mating, and pregnancy confirmation. Among these, 90 goats carrying multiple fetuses were categorized into three groups on the 100th day of pregnancy, with their feed supplemented as follows: CAR50 (50 mg/kg of L-carnitine), CAR100 (100 mg/kg of L-carnitine), and CON (control without Lcarnitine). Subsequently, blood samples were collected from 15 randomly selected goats from each group on days 100, 115, 130, and 145 of pregnancy to quantify serum levels of beta-HBA (beta-hydroxybutyrate) and NEFA (non-esterified fatty acids), alongside glucose levels. Dietary supplementation of L-carnitine did not exert a significant impact on blood glucose levels in the CAR50 and CAR100 groups, in comparison to the CON group, during the third trimester of pregnancy (P>0.05). Nevertheless, serum NEFA levels exhibited a noteworthy reduction in the CAR50 and CAR100 groups compared to the CON group on day 145 (P<0.01). Furthermore, no substantial fluctuations in mean NEFA and beta-HBA levels were observed in the CAR100 group between days 100 and 145 of gestation (P>0.05). The body condition score exhibited consistent maintenance both within and between groups (P>0.05). To conclude, this study underscores the efficacy of dietary supplementation with L-carnitine in mitigating ketone and NEFA levels in pregnant goats, particularly when administered at a dosage of 100 mg/kg. Consequently, the integration of a standardized quantity of Lcarnitine into the diet holds the potential to serve as a valuable preventive strategy for goats susceptible to pregnancy toxemia.Öğe Oestrus Synchronization by Short and Long-Term Intravaginal Sponge Treatment in Lactating Goats During the Breeding Season: The Effects of GnRH Administrations Immediately after Matings on Fertility(Medwell Online, 2011) Saribay, Mustafa Kemal; Karaca, Fikret; Dogruer, Gokhan; Ergun, Yasar; Yavas, Ilker; Ates, Cafer TayyarThe present study was aimed at oestrus synchronization by applying progestagen-impregnated intravaginal sponges for either 7 or 12 days to lactating goats during the breeding season and at the determination of the effects of post-mating GnRH injection on fertility. The study was conducted in 80 hair goats aged between 2-5 years. The goats were allocated to two equal groups, one of which was applied short-term intravaginal sponge treatment and the other long-term treatment. The duration of intravaginal sponge treatment was 7 days in the short-term group (ST, n = 40) and 12 days in. the long-term group (LT, n = 40). Furthermore, on the day of intravaginal sponge removal, the goats received intramuscular injections of 400 IU of PMSG and 0.075 mg of cloprostenol. In both groups, 12 h after the removal of the vaginal sponges, 10 fertile bucks were introduced into the flock for oestrus detection twice a day and goats which were determined to be in oestrus were hand-mated to the assigned bucks. Immediately after mating, the goats included in each of the ST and LT groups were randomly assigned to two subgroups, referred to as ST1 (n = 18), ST2 (n = 18), LT1 (n = 18) and LT2 (n = 18). The subgroups ST1 and LT1 were maintained as controls whilst the subgroups ST2 and LT2 were administered with 5 meg of bucerelin acetate immediately after mating. In the present study, the times of oestrus onset and oestrus rates in the ST and LT groups were determined as 33.3 +/- 1.4 and 35.0 +/- 1.4 h and 94.7 and 97.2%, respectively. The differences observed between the two groups for the time of oestrus onset and oestrus rate were statistically insignificant (p>0.05). In the subgroups ST1, ST2, LT1 and LT2, pregnancy rates were determined as 55.5, 50, 50 and 55.5%, respectively whilst the parturition rate of all four subgroups was 100%. Furthermore, litter sizes were detected as 150, 200, 188 and 170% in the subgroups ST1, 5T2, LT1 and LT2, respectively. The differences observed between the subgroups for pregnancy rate, parturition rate and litter size were statistically insignificant (p>0.05). In conclusion, it was demonstrated in the present study that GnRH administrations immediately after mating to lactating goats in which oestrus synchronization was performed by means of short and long-term intravaginal sponge treatment during the breeding season did not improve pregnancy rate, parturition rate and litter size.Öğe Oestrus synchronization with short-term and long-term progestagen treatments in goats: the use of GnRH prior to short-term progestagen treatment(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2010) Karaca, Fikret; Dogruer, Gokhan; Saribay, Mustafa Kemal; Ates, Cafer TayyarThe aim of the present study was to determine the efficacy of the synchronization of oestrus using short- and long-term progestagen treatments in Hair goats at the onset of the breeding season, and to evaluate the effect of the exogenous GnRH administration immediately prior to short-term progestagen treatment on the reproductive performance. A total of 75 Hair goats, aged 2.5-5 years-old were used in this experiment. Goats were divided equally into three groups (n=25 per group). Animals in LT-FGA (long-term progestagen treatment), ST-FGA (short-term progestagen treatment) and Gn-ST-FGA (GnRH-short-term progestagen treatment) groups received an intravaginal sponge (day 0) containing 30 mg fluorogestone acetate (FGA) for 14, 8 and 8 days, respectively, plus 75 mu g cloprostenol i.m. 24 h before sponge removal and 400 I. U. equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) i.m. at the time of sponge removal. In addition, the goats in the Gn-ST-FGA group received 10.5 mu g busereline acetate i.m. at the time of sponge insertion (day 0). Oestrus response for all treatment groups was 100%. The mean interval from sponge removal and the onset of oestrus for the LT-FGA, ST-FGA and Gn-ST-FGA groups was 28.0+/-1.0 h, 28.8+/-1.1 h and 33.1+/-2.0 h, respectively. No significant difference in onset of oestrus among groups was recorded. The pregnancy rate, kidding rate, multiple kidding rates and litter size were 72.0, 61.1, 45.5% and 1.6 in the LT-FGA, 70.8, 76.5, 69.2% and 1.8 in the ST-FGA and 58.3, 78.6, 63.6% and 1.6 in the Gn-ST-FGA groups, respectively. The pregnancy rates were similar in the LT-FGA (72.0%) and ST-FGA (70.8%). However, the kidding rate, multiple kidding rates and litter size were numerically higher in the ST-FGA (76.5%, 69.2% and 1.8, respectively) group than in the LT-FGA (61.1%, 45.5% and 1.6, respectively) group. Although not statistically different, pregnancy rate and litter size was lower in the Gn-ST-FGA group (58.3% and 1.6, respectively) compared with the ST-FGA (70.8% and 1.8, respectively). In conclusion, it can be said that oestrus synhcronization with long-term progestagen treatment (14 d-FGA- PGF(2 alpha)- eCG) could be replaced with short-term progestagen treatment (8 d-FGA-PGF(2 alpha)- eCG) without a reduction in oestrus rate and fertility parameters in lactating goats at the beginning of breeding season. However, the use of GnRH prior to short-term progestagen treatment (8 d-FGA-PGF(2 alpha)- eCG) do not have a positive effect on fertility parameters in goats.Öğe Pregnancy Detection in a Gazella gazella (Mountain Gazella) by Using Ultrasonography(Kafkas Univ, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2010) Ergun, Yasar; Dogruer, Gokhan; Saribay, Mustafa KemalAn injured adult, female, about 6-12 months old Gazella gazella was brought to Clinics of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mustafa Kemal, Hatay Turkey by National Park Directorate of Hatay Region. In reproductive ultrasonographic examination of the routin general examination of the animal a pregnancy was detected. In the transabdominal ultrasonographic examination from the inguinal area, 2.5-5 MHz convex and 5-7.5 MHz microconvex probs were used. During the examination embrional heart beats and amniotic vesicle were detected. Extremities, vertebrae and costae were not detected. This case is the first record in pregnancy detection in Gazella gazella by using ultrasonographic examination in Turkey. It is concluded, that pregnancy can be detected in Gazella gazella and also in the other wild ruminant species by using ultrasonography.Öğe The protective effect of erythropoietin and dimethylsulfoxide on ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat ovary(Elsevier Science Bv, 2010) Ergun, Yasar; Koc, Ahmet; Dolapcioglu, Kenan; Akaydin, Yesim; Dogruer, Gokhan; Kontas, Tunay; Kozlu, TolunayObjectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of erythropoietin and dimethylsulfoxide in the recovery from ischemia-reperfusion injury in an experimental rat adnexal torsion model. Study design: Thirty-six Wistar-albino rats were divided into six groups. Except for the sham operation group, all groups were subjected to left unilateral adnexal torsion for 3 h. Erythropoietin and dimethylsulfoxide were intraperitoneally administered 30 min before the detorsion operation. Malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels were detected from both the plasma and the tissue samples. The sections of the tissues were evaluated histologically. The results were analyzed by a one-way analysis of the variance (ANOVA) followed by the Duncan test for multiple comparisons using computer software, SPSS Version 15.0 for Windows. Results: This study demonstrated that dimethylsulfoxide and erythropoietin pretreatment attenuated ischemia-reperfusion-induced lipid peroxidation, prevented post-ischemic ovarian injury and helped to maintain the ovarian morphology. Malondialdehyde levels of plasma and ovary were higher in the torsion and detorsion groups than the sham group. This showed that ischemia-reperfusion had caused lipid peroxidation of the ovarian tissue, thus leading to oxidative damage. One of the major findings of this study is that malondialdehyde was significantly decreased in the plasma of rats who were pre-treated with dimethylsulfoxide and erythropoietin before detorsion. This suggests that dimethylsulfoxide and erythropoietin might prevent oxidative damage in ovarian ischemia-reperfusion injury. Histological examination confirmed that reperfusion caused more detrimental effects than only ischemia, which could be at least partially prevented by dimethylsulfoxide and erythropoietin administration prior to detorsion. Conclusion: Erythropoietin and dimethylsulfoxide may have beneficial effects in ischemia-reperfusion injury in ovarian torsion. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Serum antimullerian hormone concentrations in female cats. Relation with ovarian remnant syndrome, ovarian cysts and gonadectomy status(Elsevier Science Inc, 2023) Gozer, Ahmet; Bahan, Onur; Dogruer, Gokhan; Kutlu, TuncerThe aim of this study was to reveal (1) the determination of the serum antimullerian hormone con-centrations in cats with ovarian remnant syndrome and ovarian cyst, (2) the effectiveness of the serum antimullerian hormone concentrations in detecting gonadectomy status, and (3) ovarian expression of the antimullerian hormone in the ovarian cysts and ovarian remnant tissue. For this purpose, a total of 31 domestic cats older than 1 year, including ORS (n = 9), OC (n = 3), spayed (n = 8), and intact (n = 11), were used in the study. Serum and intrafollicular AMH concentrations were determined by the elec-trochemiluminescence immunoassay, and expression of the AMH was determined by the immunohis-tochemical method. The serum AMH concentration in the ORS group was 1.49 +/- 1.24 ng/ml (0.10-3.63 ng/ml) whereas it was 1.78 +/- 0.92 ng/ml (0.8-2.63 ng/ml) in the OC group. AMH concentration in the intrafollicular fluid was determined as 0.023 ng/ml in a cat with an ovarian cyst. While the serum AMH concentration was below 0.01 ng/ml in spayed cats, it was 5.80 +/- 3.30 ng/ml (1.88-11.86 ng/ml) in the intact cats. There was a significant difference between the spayed and intact groups in terms of serum AMH concentration (p < 0.05). Moreover, in cats with ovarian cyst and ovarian remnant syn-drome, no difference was found between the groups in terms of serum AMH concentration (p > 0.05). No difference was found between the ovarian remnant syndrome and intact cats in terms of serum AMH concentration (p > 0.05). In immunohistochemical staining, ovarian cysts were found to be negative for AMH while a moderate (+2) AMH positivity was observed in other follicles. Furthermore, in cats with ovarian remnant syndrome, severe (+3) AMH positivity was observed. As a result, it was determined that gonadectomy status can be accurately diagnosed by the AMH measurement. Ovarian remnant syndrome cannot be diagnosed accurately by AMH measurement. In addition, it was found that AMH did not seem to play a role in the pathogenesis of ovarian cysts in cats.(c) 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe Theranekron for treatment of endometriosis in a rat model compared with medroxyprogesterone acetate and leuprolide acetate(Elsevier, 2013) Dolapcioglu, Kenan; Dogruer, Gokhan; Ozsoy, Sule; Ergun, Yasar; Ciftci, Sinasi; Karapinar, Oya Soylu; Aslan, ErdoganObjectives: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of theranekron, medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), and leuprolide acetate (LA) on surgically induced endometriosis in a rat model. Study design: Endometriosis was surgically induced in forty female rats during estrus. After 3 weeks, a second operation was performed and the rats were randomized using a randomization table into theranekron, MPA, LA, and control groups. These treatments were continued for 3 weeks. A third operation was performed to evaluate treatment results. Then, the experimental treatments were halted and estrogen was initiated again to maintain estrus. After three additional weeks; i.e. after 9 weeks, the recurrence rate of endometrial foci was evaluated in a fourth operation and the rats were sacrificed. The volume of endometriotic foci and histopathology scores before and after treatment were compared. Results: The respective mean volumes of the endometriotic foci after 3, 6, and 9 weeks were 86.4 +/- 21.2, 16.4 +/- 8.2, and 20.1 +/- 9.6 mm(3) in the theranekron group, 78.3 +/- 20.4, 42.6 +/- 13.5, and 66.7 +/- 16.2 mm(3) in the MPA group, and 91.8 +/- 30.2, 34.4 +/- 11.4, and 72.4 +/- 21.9 mm(3) in the LA group. The respective mean histopathology scores were 2.4 +/- 0.6, 1.8 +/- 0.6, and 1.6 +/- 0.6 in the theranekron group, 2.5 +/- 0.8, 2.0 +/- 1.1, and 2.7 +/- 1.0 in the MPA group, and 2.3 +/- 0.5, 2.1 +/- 1.2, 2.4 +/- 0.8 in the LA group. After 9 weeks, the mean volume of endometriotic foci and histopathology scores were significantly lower in the theranekron group. Conclusions: Theranekron caused more evident regression of endometriotic foci than MPA or LA in a rat model. After stopping the theranekron treatment, the recurrence rate was also lower than that of the other groups. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe USEFULNESS OF THE E-TEST FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS SP ISOLATED FROM MILK OF SHEEP AND GOATS WITH SUBCLINICAL MASTITIS TO AMIKACIN AND AMOXICILLIN-CLAVULANIC ACID(Natl Veterinary Research Inst, 2009) Kirecci, Ekrem; Ergun, Yasar; Dogruer, Gokhan; Saribay, Mustafa KemalThe aim of the study was to evaluate the Epsilometer-test (E-test) method to detect the susceptibility to amikacin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid of 100 Staphylococcus species isolated from sheep and goats with subclinical mastitis. Of all the strains isolated, 24 were identified as Staphylococcus epidermidis, 17 as S. intermedius, 12 as S. xylosus, ten as S. warneri, nine as S. saprophyticus, nine as S. capitis, five as S. simulans, five as S. haemolyticus, three as S. sciuri, two as S. auricularis, two as S. hyicus, one as S. cohnii, and one as S. caprae. All isolates were sensitive to both antibiotics. While the MIC values of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid for the goat strains ranged from 0.125 to 1 mu g/mL and of amikacin from 0.25 to 12 mu g/mL, the MIC values for the sheep strains ranged from 0.047 to 2 mu g/mL (amoxicillin-clavulanic acid) and 0.75 to 6 mu g/ml (amikacin). The results of this study have shown that both antibiotics can be highly effective against Staphylococcus sp. that are often the reason for subclinical mastitis in small ruminants.Öğe Usefulness of the E-test for the determination of the susceptibility of Staphylococcus sp. isolated from milk of sheep and goats with subclinical mastitis to amikacin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid(2009) Kirecci, Ekrem; Ergun, Yasar; Dogruer, Gokhan; Saribay, Mustafa KemalThe aim of the study was to evaluate the Epsilometer-test (E-test) method to detect the susceptibility to amikacin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid of 100 Staphylococcus species isolated from sheep and goats with subclinical mastitis. Of all the strains isolated, 24 were identified as Staphylococcus epidermidis, 17 as S. intermedius, 12 as S. xylosus, ten as S. warneri, nine as S. saprophyticus, nine as S. capitis, five as S. simulans, five as S. haemolyticus, three as S. sciuri, two as S. auricularis, two as S. hyicus, one as S. cohnii, and one as S. caprae. All isolates were sensitive to both antibiotics. While the MIC values of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid for the goat strains ranged from 0.125 to 1 ?g/mL and of amikacin from 0.25 to 12 ?g/mL, the MIC values for the sheep strains ranged from 0.047 to 2 ?g/mL (amoxicillin-clavulanic acid) and 0.75 to 6 ?g/ml (amikacin). The results of this study have shown that both antibiotics can be highly effective against Staphylococcus sp. that are often the reason for subclinical mastitis in small ruminants.
