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    The frequency of mecA and icaA/icaD genes in staphylococci isolated from the ear canal of swimmers
    (Edizioni Minerva Medica, 2016) Yildirim, Yunus; Duran, Nizami; Duran, Gulay G.
    BACKGROUND: Staphylococci are the primary causes of external and internal auditory canal infections among other bacterial agents. The ability of disease in staphylococci depend on various virulence factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of mecA genes and slime production in staphylococci isolated from the external auditory canal of the student attending the swimming course. METHODS: This study is a controlled laboratory study. A total of 263 swimming students and 98 voluntaries were included to the study. Cultures were taken from the swimming students' and healthy persons' external ear canal. Methicillin resistance gene (mecA), slime genes and biofilm production in staphylococci were determined by genotypic and phenotypic methods. RESULTS: MecA was positive in 14.4% of all isolates. Whilst the presence of mecA gene in a total of 59 strains of S. aureus was found to be 8.5% in swimmers, this ratio was detected as 16.2% among the coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS). The presence of the mecA gene among CNS was significantly higher than that of S. aureus isolates (P<0.001). In 206 strains of 263 (78.3%) staphylococci, the presence of icaA and icaD genes was detected as 78.3% in staphylococci among swimmers. This ratio in S. aureus and CNS was 59.3% and 83.8%, respectively. Slime genes in the control group was detected as 63.3%, whereas this rate was statistically significant higher in swimmers (P<0.001). The frequency rates of icaA and icaD genes among S. aureus and CNS in healthy control group were 53.3% and 65.1%, respectively (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The rate of methicillin resistance and slime production in staphylococci and also, the colonization rate of S. aureus within ear canal in the students attending swimming course was found higher than in the healthy volunteers. To prevent outbreaks of swimming pool-associated illness, periodically, athletes should be screened for pathogenic microorganisms such as slime-producing and methicillin resistant staphylococci.
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    The frequency of slime, adhesin and methicillin resistance genes among staphylococci isolated from nasal samples of multiple sclerosis patients
    (Academic Journals, 2011) Melek, Ismet M.; Duran, Nizami; Duran, Gulay G.; Duman, Taskin; Okuyucu, Esra
    It was aimed to determine the carriage rate of Staphylococcus aureus and the occurrence of methicillin resistance, slime and adhesin genes in staphylococcal strains isolated from the nasal cavities of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. The presence of mecA and femA, and the genes implicated in adhesion were determined by multiplex PCR in all strains. The femA gene was detected in 46.6% of 105 MS patients. While 18.1% of isolates carried the mecA gene, 81.9% of isolates were negative for the mecA gene. The presence of icaA/icaD genes was determined in a total of 84.8% of all strains. While 85.7% of Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates were positive in terms of slime genes, this ratio was determined as 81.6% among the Staphylococcus aureus strains. The occurrence of clfA gene was determined in 29 of 49 (59.2%) S. aureus isolates. Also, 45 out of 49 (91.8%) S. aureus was found to carry the fnbA gene. The carriage rate of the cna gene was determined in 40 (81.6%) isolates among the 49 S. aureus strains. The rate of methicillin resistance gene, slime production and the frequency of adhesin genes in MS patients were also significantly higher than the healthy control population. Determination of the nasal S. aureus carriers and the virulence of these strains will be important for prediction of the MS prognosis in these patients. And treating these S. aureus carriers will be very useful in preventing MS relapses.