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Öğe Anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in hemodialysis patients receiving long-term hemodialysis therapy in Turkey(Saudi Med J, 2005) Ocak, S; Duran, N; Eskiocak, AF; Aytac, HObjectives: Toxoplasma is a globally distributed pathogen for humans and animals. In situations of immunodeficiency, Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) emerges as a life-threatening infection. Toxoplasma gondii is transmitted parenterally, flourish in state immunosuppression and, most toxoplasma infections are asymptomatic. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of anti-T. gondii antibodies in hemodialysis patients with chronic renal failure. We undertook a prospective study of our maintenance hemodialysis patients to determine whether these sources posed a risk for transmission of T. gondii. Methods: This study was carried out on patients undergoing regular hemodialysis in the dialysis units (Hemodialysis Center of Antakya State Hospital, Emir Hemodialysis Center and Antakya Hemodialysis Center, Hatay, Turkey) between January 2004 and June 2004. Two hundred and fifty-five hemodialysis patients and 50 healthy controls were studied for the prevalence of anti-T. gondii antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Anti-immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) T. gondii antibodies positivity were found to be 195 (76.5%) of the 255 hemodialysis patients and 24 (48%) of the 50 control subjects. The difference between them was statistically significant (p < 0.05). In addition, an increase of the seropositivity rate was detected with increasing length of time on hemodialysis treatment, indicating a statistically significant difference between these 2 parameters (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These findings confirm a high prevalence of toxoplasma infection in hemodialysis patients. These patients are a risk group for toxoplasma infection. Moreover, it is recommended that hemodialysis patients who are susceptible to toxoplasma infections should be identified by T. gondii IgG and IgM specific serological tests. Therefore, patients undergoing hemodialysis should be screened for toxoplasma before dialysis to prevent the dissemination of this infection through the hemodialysis procedure.Öğe Antiviral activity of the volatile oils of Melissa officinalis L. against Herpes simplex virus type-2(Elsevier Gmbh, Urban & Fischer Verlag, 2004) Allahverdiyev, A; Duran, N; Ozguven, M; Koltas, SMelissa officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) has been used in a variety of practical applications in medical science. Our objective in the current study was to determine the effects of the volatile oil components of M. officinalis on Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) replication in HEp-2 cells. Four different concentrations (25, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mug/ml) of volatile oils were examined. Experiments were carried out using HEp-2 cells. M. officinalis volatile oil was found to be non-toxic to HEp-2 cells up to a concentration of 100 mug/ml. It was, however, found to be slightly toxic at a concentration over of 100 mug/ml. The antiviral activity of non-toxic concentrations against HSV-2 was tested. The replication of HSV-2 was inhibited, indicating that the M. officinalis L. extract contains an anti-HSV-2 substance. (C) 2004 Elsevier GrnbH. All rights reserved.Öğe Asymptomatic herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection among pregnant women in Turkey(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2004) Duran, N; Yarkin, F; Evruke, C; Koksal, FBackground & objectives: A large proportion of individuals with serologic evidence of infection with herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) are asymptomatic. HSV-2 is the main cause of genital herpes infections. The acquisition of genital herpes during pregnancy has been associated with spontaneous abortion, premature labour and congenital and neonatal herpes. The present study was undertaken to determine asymtomatic genital HSV-2 shedding and seroprevalence of HSV-2 infection among asymptomatic pregnant women at the time of delivery in Adana, Turkey. Methods: Asymptomatic 130 pregnant women without a history of genital herpes were enrolled in the study. HSV-2 shedding was determined by viral culture of the swabs collected from cervix and vulva and HSV-2 antigen was detected by direct immunofluorescence assay (IFA), HSV-2 IgG and IgM antibodies were detected by HSV-2 type specific IgG and IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: HSV-2 IgG and IgM antibodies were found in 82 (63.1%) and 18 (11.3%) of 130 pregnant women. HSV-2 type-specific antigen was detected in 22 (16.9%) pregnant women by IFA test, 17 (13.1%) of whom had HSV-2 IgM antibodies. HSV-2 was isolated only in 3 women. Interpretation & conclusion: The seroprevalence of HSV-2 (63.1%) and genital HSV-2 infection (16.9%) was high among asymptomatic pregnant women in Adana, Turkey. Therefore, to reduce the risk of neonatal herpes, HSV-2 type-specific antibodies should be detected in pregnant women using serological tests that allow to identify women with asymptomatic or subclinical genital HSV-2 infection and those susceptible to primary genital HSV-2 infection.Öğe Effect of propolis in the treatment of experimental Staphylococcus aureus keratitis in rabbits(Karger, 2005) Oksuz, H; Duran, N; Tamer, C; Cetin, M; Silici, SPurpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties of an ethanolic extract of propolis, a natural resin produced by honeybees, and to determine synergistic activity between ciprofloxacin and propolis in the treatment of experimental Staphylococcus aureus keratitis. Methods: Sixteen young New Zealand white rabbits were given intrastromal injections of S. aureus strains. Twenty-four hours later, the rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups: group 1 was treated with topical 0.3% ciprofloxacin drops along with the ethanolic extract of propolis drops; group 2 received topical 0.3% ciprofloxacin drops; group 3 was administered the ethanolic extract of propolis drops, and group 4, the control group, was treated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) drops. Drugs were instilled 8 times/day for 72 h. Twenty-four and 96 h after inoculation of bacteria, the eyes were examined by slit lamp to assess corneal opacity. Corneas were removed to count bacteria. Results: Slit lamp examination showed that the corneal opacity scores were significantly lower in eyes that received propolis plus ciprofloxacin than in those treated with ciprofloxacin (p = 0.041) or propolis (p = 0.006) or control eyes treated with PBS (p = 0.0001). There was no significant difference in eyes treated with ciprofloxacin and propolis (p = 1.00). There were significantly fewer bacteria in eyes that received propolis plus ciprofloxacin than in those treated with ciprofloxacin (p = 0.0001) or propolis (p = 0.0001) or control eyes treated with PBS (p = 0.0001). There was no significant difference in eyes treated with ciprofloxacin and propolis (p = 0.38). Conclusions: Taking these findings into consideration, we suggest that the ethanolic extract of propolis has antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties for S. aureus keratitis. The combination of ciprofloxacin and propolis had better therapeutic effects than either agent alone. Copyright (C) 2005 S. Karger AG, Basel.Öğe The protective role of topical propolis on experimental keratitis via nitric oxide levels in rabbits(Springer, 2006) Duran, N; Koc, A; Oksuz, H; Tamer, C; Akaydin, Y; Kozlu, T; Çelik, MThe aim of this study was to investigate antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties of propolis in the treatment of experimental Staphylococcus aureus keratitis. Twenty young New Zealand white rabbits were used in this experiment. Staphylococcus aureus were given by intrastromal injection to 16 rabbits and 4 rabbits were used as control group (Group 1). Group 2 was treated with phosphate-buffered solution drops; Group 3 was administered ethanolic extract of propolis drops; Group 4 received topical ciprofloxacin drops; Group 5 was treated with topical ciprofloxacin drops along with ethanolic extract of propolis drops. The eyes were examined by slit lamp to assess corneal opacity. And then, corneas were removed to determine nitric oxide (NO) levels and count bacteria. Corneas were also evaluated histologically. Corneal NO concentration in gruop 5, treated with a combination of propolis and ciprofloxacin was determined significantly lower (10.0 +/- 1.8 mu mol/g wet tissue) than in Group 4, treated with ciprofloxacin (24.0 +/- 3.1 mu mol/g wet tissue), from Group 3, treated with propolis (15.6 +/- 1.8 mu mol/g wet tissue), and treated with PBS (44.7 +/- 7.8 mu mol/g wet tissue). There were significantly fewer bacteria in eyes that received propolis plus ciprofloxacin than in eyes treated with ciprofloxacin (p=0.0001) or propolis (p=0.0001) or eyes treated with PBS (p=0.0001). The light microscopic examination revealed that the control group showed normal corneal morphology. In the nontreated group, sections of the stromal infiltration revealed the presence of inflammatory cells, which were diffusely distributed (p < 0.05). Administrations of ciprofloxacin plus propolis resulted in a significantly reduced histological damage with fewer bacterial inoculation of the corneal stroma in comparison with the other groups (p < 0.05). Based on these findings, we suggest that ethanolic extract of propolis has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties for S. aureus keratitis in rabbits.Öğe Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activities of some metal complexes with N?-(2-chloro-benzoyl)thiourea ligands(Polish Chemical Soc, 2005) Emen, MF; Arslan, H; Külcü, N; Flörke, U; Duran, NWe report the synthesis, structural characterization and antimicrobial activities of N,N-dimethyl-N'-(2-chloro-benzoyl)thiourea ((LH)-H-1) and N-pyrrolidine-N'-(2-chlorobenzoyl)thiourea ((LH)-H-2) and their Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Pt(II), Pd(II) and Co(III) complexes. The structure of the prepared compounds was investigated by using elemental analyses, IR, H-1-NMR, UV-Vis, mass spectra and magnetic susceptibility. The prepared compounds were screened for their in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities. All compounds showed antimicrobial activity, however, the antibacterial efficacy is better than antifungal activity. Molecular structures of Co(L-1)(3) and Pd(L-1)(2) were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction methods. The ligands coordinate to Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Pt(II) and Pd(II) in a bidentate manner yielding essentially neutral complexes of the type ML2. The coordination polyhedra around the Co(III) ion are distorted octahedra.
