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Öğe Antimicrobial activity of the extracts and physalin D from Physalis alkekengi and evaluation of antioxidant potential of physalin D(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2010) Helvaci, S.; Kokdil, G.; Kawai, M.; Duran, N.; Duran, G.; Guvenc, A.Physalis alkekengi L. (Solanaceae) is a popular plant in traditional European and Chinese folk medicine, and it has been reported to have many ethnopharmacological properties including antifungal, anti-cough, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and febricide activities. Some active components from Physalis species have been investigated. However, no antimicrobial activity studies on extracts and physalins of P. alkekengi have been carried out. In this study, we attempted to identify the possible antimicrobial activities of the methanol extract from aerial parts of P. alkekengi and the dichloromethane extract from calyces of the plant. The extracts were tested against five Gram-positive and five Gram-negative bacteria and five Candida species by using disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods. The extracts were fractionated to isolate physalins using chromatographic techniques, and physalin D was isolated from the extracts. The structure of the compound was elucidated on the basis of H-1-NMR spectroscopic study, and confirmed by comparison with a reference sample and literature data. Results indicated that all the extracts and physalin D were characterized by antibacterial action, especially against Gram-positive bacteria, with MIC values between 32 and 128 mu g/mL. The methanol extract had moderate activity against fungi at MICs ranging from 128 to 512 mu g/mL, but the dichloromethane extract and physalin D had low activity against fungi at MICs ranging from 256 to 512 mu g/mL. Additionally, the antioxidant activity of physalin D was evaluated by qualitative DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical and TBA (thiobarbituric acid) assays. Physalin D showed low antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of >= 10 +/- 2.1.Öğe Beta-lactamase Enzymes of Clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains(Univ West Indies Faculty Medical Sciences, 2016) Pasa, O.; Ozer, B.; Duran, N.; Inci, M.; Yula, E.Objectives: In this study, the production of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), metallo-betalacatamase (MBL) and AmpC beta-lactamase enzymes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P aeruginosa) strains which were isolated from clinical samples were investigated. AmpC gene was also detected by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. Methods: A hundred strains of P aeruginosa were included in the study. The presence of ESBL was investigated with combined disk confirmation test, MBL was investigated with E-test method and AmpC beta-lactamase was investigated with disk induction test. In order to detect the production of AmpC beta-lactamase genotypically, the PCR method was used. Results: Only one strain was found to be MBL positive. Four per cent of strains were found to be ESBL positive. AmpC beta-lactamase production was positive in 73% of the strains with disk induction test. AmpC gene was detected in 96% of the studied strains with the PCR method. Conclusion: While ESBL and MBL rates in this study were significantly lower than those found in other studies, the rate of AmpC beta-lactamase was higher. Although AmpC gene was detected in some strains (23%), they were not found to produce AmpC beta-lactamase with disk induction test.Öğe Effect of the warm and wet environment of the swimming-pool on the bacterial flora of the external ear canal and development of otitis externa in children who attend to swimming course(Galenos Yayincilik, 2006) Akoglu, E.; Cetin, M.; Onlen, Y.; Duran, N.; Sangun, O.; Savas, L.; Ocak, S.Objective: Especially in the summer season, there is an increased incidence of ear infections in the children who attend to the swimming pools. The most frequent ear infection in this group is otitis externa. This study was planned in order to examine whether the microbiologic flora of the normal external auditory canal (EAC) is changed by the pool environment in the presence or absence of cerumen; and to evaluate the relationship of these changes with the external otitis. Methods: Ear swab samples of EAC from 197 children were taken before and 1 month after the swimming course. These samples were evaluated at the microbiology laboratory after the otoscopic examination of each student. Results: The most frequently isolated microorganisms from the samples which were taken before the course were; Staphylococcus epidermidis (76.7%), Diphteroid spp. (47.3%) and alpha-hemolytic streptococci (29.9%) respectively. After the course period, it was determined that the percentage of isolated microorganisms changed, although the order of the frequency of the first three microorganism remained the same (Staphylococcus epidermidis 75.9%, Diphteroid spp. 56.3% and alpha-hemolytic streptococci 41.1%). Only one case of external otitis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa was seen in the course period. Conclusions: It was concluded that an alteration in the microbiologic flora of the EAC and the presence or absence of cerumen do not play a role in the development of EAC infections provided that the hygienic conditions are constituted and EAC skin is not traumatized.Öğe Evaluation of oral streptococci in saliva of children with severe Early Childhood Caries and caries-free(Ariesdue Srl, 2020) Meric, E.; Bolgul, B.; Duran, N.; Ay, E.Aim Oral streptococci were found to be associated with Early Childhood Caries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the 6 different bacteria in the streptococcus group in the saliva of children with severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Materials and methods A total of 60 children between 3 and 6 years of age were divided into two groups: children with S-ECC (Group S-ECC; n=30) and children who were caries-free (Group CF; n=30), according to the dmft and dmft indices. Unstimulated saliva was collected from all participants for the detection of streptococcal group bacteria, including: Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus salivarius, and Streptococcus sobrinus, using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of amplified 16S rRNA gene. The data were analysed using SPSS software. Results The prevalence of S. oralis was significantly higher in the S-ECC group compared to the CF group (p<0.05). However, the frequencies of S. mutans, S. sanguinis, S. gordonii, S. salivarius, and S. sobrinus were similar between the two groups (p>0.05). The amount of streptococci colonies was higher in the S-ECC group compared to the CF group (p<0.05). Conclusion S. mutans or S. sobrinus alone may not be the only indicators for high risk of caries, but the prevalence of S. oralis in saliva may be a risk factor for increased caries activity in S-ECC.Öğe Familial tularaemia(Elsevier, 2009) Peker, E.; Ayaydin, A.; Duran, N.Tularaemia is a zoonotic disease caused by Francisella tularensis . In this report, we have presented an early stage case of tularemia with fever and pharyngitis and two cases from the same non-endemic region with typical lymphadenitis. All three patients were treated with non-specific medications in healthcare centres, the treatment being directed towards symptoms resembling those of upper respiratory tract infections. However, there was no regression in their complaints. Because the first case had been treated earlier, his lymphadenopaties regressed and there was no suppuration. The other two cases, which had been suspected to be exposed to the same pathogen based on their histories, were at a mild acute phase and presented to our clinic with typical lymphadenitis. The diagnoses of each of the three patients were made serologically. An early clinical recovery was achieved in the first patient with streptomycin (1 x 1 g/day im) and doxycyline (2 x 100 mg/day peroral) therapy. The therapy was prolonged to 4 weeks in the other two cases according to lymph node response and no complications occurring in their follow-ups. It can be concluded that tularaemia should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with fever, pharyngitis, conjunctivitis and cervical lymphadenopathies that do not respond to -lactam antibiotics.Öğe Identification of Helicobacter pylori by Urea Breath test and serology in the patients with psoriasis(Wiley-Blackwell, 2016) Balci, D. D.; Yalcin, H. Peker; Ozer, B.; Duran, N.; Inan, M. U.; Yenin, J. Z.[Abstract Not Available]Öğe In vitro antileishmanial activity of Adana propolis samples on Leishmania tropica(Springer, 2008) Duran, G.; Duran, N.; Culha, G.; Ozcan, B.; Oztas, H.; Ozer, B.Propolis (bee glue) is a natural resinous hive product, collected from various plant sources. It has attracted much attention as a useful substance applied in medicine due to its pharmacological activities. It was aimed to investigate the in vitro effects of an ethanolic extract of Adana propolis samples on the growth of Leishmania tropica. Parasite cells were treated with five concentrations (25, 50, 100, 50, 500, and 750 mu g/ml) of the propolis. The number of promastigotes in each concentration was calculated using a hemocytometer slide at 24, 48, and 72 h after being harvested. In the experiments, it was determined that the concentrations up to 100 mu g/ml of the propolis did not exhibit antileishmanial activity against the parasites cells. At these concentrations, there was no changes in terms of morphologically. In addition, there was no statistically significant difference in terms of cell count between control and these three groups (p > 0.05). However, in culture media containing the propolis samples at 250, 500, and 750-mu g/ml concentrations, statistically significant differences in cell counts were observed, as compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Our results demonstrate that ethanolic extracts of Adana propolis samples reduce the proliferation of L. tropica parasites significantly.Öğe In vitro investigation of antimicrobial effects, nanohardness, and cytotoxicity of different glass ionomer restorative materials in dentistry(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2019) Cosgun, A.; Bolgul, B.; Duran, N.Aims: The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the antimicrobial effects, nanohardness, and cytotoxicity of different glass-ionomer restorative materials in dentistry. Materials and Methods: The following glass-ionomer restorative materials were used in our study: Argion (VOCO, Germany), Zirconomer (Shofu Inc., Japan), EQUIA Forte (GC, Japan), Fuji II LC capsule (GC, Japan), and Fuji IX GP capsule (GC, Japan). For the cytotoxicity test, a cell culture without release liquids was used as the control group. Microdilution and a disk diffusion test were used to measure the antimicrobial activity. The MTT (3- [4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl] -2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay was used to evaluate cytotoxicity. Nanohardness was measured using a nanoindenter device. Results: Our study determined that all restorative materials used in this study inhibited bacterial growth in cultures containing 1 x 10(2) cfu/ml of the bacterial concentrations (Lactobacillus casei and Streptococcus mutans) and that all restorative materials inhibited fungal growth in the cultures containing <1 x 10(2) cfu/ml of the fungal strains (Candida albicans). IC50 values obtained for the cytotoxicity test were analyzed using the Chi-square test. After a 72-h incubation period, Zirconomer, EQUIA Forte, Fuji IX GP capsule, and Fuji II LG capsule showed statistically significant lower cell viability values. (P < 0.05). The Kruskal-Wallis analysis was performed on the values obtained from the nanohardness test; the differences between the groups were found to be significant (P < 0.05). Conclusions: All materials tested showed low antimicrobial activity, and the antifungal activity of these materials was found to be lower than their antimicrobial activity. Only Argion showed non-cytotoxic effect. Beginning with the group with the highest nanohardness values and ending with the lowest, the groups are ranked in the following order: Fuji II LC capsule, EQUIA Forte, Argion, Fuji IX GP capsule, and Zirconomer.Öğe Nosocomial urinary tract infections: Micro-organisms, antibiotic sensitivities and risk factors(Univ West Indies Faculty Medical Sciences, 2006) Savas, L.; Guvel, S.; Onlen, Y.; Savas, N.; Duran, N.Objective. Although urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common hospital-acquired infections, the epidemiology of these UTIs is not well defined in Turkey. The aim of this surveillance study was to determine micro-organisms responsible for UTI, their antibiotic sensitivities and to describe the incidence and risk factors of nosocomial urinary tract infections (NUTI). Subjects and Methods: This was a prospective surveillance study including cases of NUTI in intensive care units and various inpatient clinics. This study was carried out between November 2000 and January 2002. The following information was recorded: patients' age, gender type of infection (hospital-acquired), presence of urinary catheter, intensive care unit admission, duration of hospital stay, type of organisms isolated and their antimicrobial susceptibility. The diagnosis of NUTI was based on criteria established by the Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta. Mini Api and conventional culture methods were used to determine the causative agents. The agents were isolated on eosin methylene blue agar and 5% sheep blood agar Statistical analyses of data were by chi-square test and logistic regression. Results: In this study, 618 (2.1%) nosocomial infections (NIs) were determined in 29778 patients, and 178 of these infections were NUTI (28.8%, 178/618). The mean age of NUTI patients was 61.0 +/- 19.4 years (0-91 years) and 82 NUTI patients (46.1%) were male and 96 (53.9%) were female. The most frequently isolated micro-organism was Escherichia coli (31.4%) followed by Candida spp (21.3%), Klebsiella spp (10.6%) and Enterococcus spp (6.9%). Compared to the rate of other NIs, the rate of NUTI increased by 1.011 times per year of age, by 2.052 times in females and by 3.83 times in patients with urinary catheters (p < 0.05). The most effective antibiotics against Gram-negative bacteria were found to be imipenem and meropenem. Conclusions: Important factors to prevent NUTI are to avoid unnecessary urethral catheterization, to choose narrow spectrum antibiotics according to antibiotic sensitivities, to investigate regularly the causative micro-organisms and their resistance patterns and to update the treatment protocols.Öğe The prevalence of interdigital erythrasma in southern region of Turkey(Wiley-Blackwell, 2012) Inci, M.; Serarslan, G.; Ozer, B.; Inan, M. U.; Evirgen, O.; Alagoz, G. Erkaslan; Duran, N.Background Erythrasma is a skin infection which is caused by Corynebacterium minutissimum. Interdigital erythrasma is the most common form. Objective The aim of this study was to detect the frequency and risk factors of interdigital erythrasma in patients with clinically suspected tinea pedis. Methods This study was conducted between June and December 2010 and included 122 patients who had interdigital foot lesions. All patients were examined using a Woods lamp. The smears were stained using Grams method. Direct examination was performed using 20% potassium hydroxide. Sabouraud dextrose agar and brain heart infusion agar were used for cultures. Moreover, the demographical characteristics of patients, concomitant diseases and clinical findings were also recorded. Cases that were found to be positive on Woods lamp examination and/or Gram staining/culture were considered as erythrasma. Results The rate of erythrasma was found to be 46.7%. The mean age was 43.6 years, and the disease was more prevalent in men. The most common clinical finding was desquamation. Mycological examination was found as positive in 40.35% of the patients. No growth was observed in bacteriological cultures. It was found that using only Woods lamp examination or Gram staining resulted in 11 (9%) and 19 positive patients (15.6%), respectively, whereas using both Woods lamp examination and Gram staining concurrently resulted in 27 positive patients (22.1%). Conclusion Interdigital erythrasma is a commonly seen condition and can clinically mimic tinea pedis. A Woods lamp is a good diagnostic tool, but Gram staining, particularly in those with a negative Woods lamp result, may be a useful method.Öğe Seroprevalence of hepatitis C in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-diabetic on haemodialysis(Wiley, 2006) Ocak, S.; Duran, N.; Kaya, H.; Emir, I.Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) has emerged as the commonest cause of end-stage renal disease. Haemodialysis (HD) treatment constitutes a high-risk environment for the transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV). The aim of this study was to establish a potential relationship between type 2 DM and HCV infection in HD patients. Of the 267 HD patients, 67 (25.1%) had type 2 DM and 200 (74.9%) were with diverse aetiology for end-stage renal disease. The serum markers of HCV infection were tested by a second-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test for, antibodies and by qualitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction technique for viral RNA. The overall prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies and HCV RNA was found to be 12.7% (34/267) and 10.1% (27/267), respectively. Patients with type 2 DM were found to have a higher HCV prevalence compared with non-diabetic patients [20.8% (14/67) vs. 10% (20/200)] (p < 0.05). The mean period on dialysis of anti-HCV-positive patients with type 2 DM was shorter than that observed for anti-HCV-positive non-diabetic patients (43.9 +/- 9.8 months vs. 59.7 +/- 28.4 months) (p < 0.05). This study has shown that although the period on dialysis of diabetic patients are shorter than non-diabetic patients, the prevalence of HCV in HD patients with type 2 DM is higher than that detected in non-diabetic HD patients.Öğe Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage among the diabetic and non-diabetic haemodialysis patients(Wiley, 2006) Duran, N.; Ocak, S.; Eskiocak, A. F.Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of serious infections in patients undergoing long-term haemodialysis (HD). S. aureus infections in HD patients are associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Especially, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains are becoming increasingly multidrug-resistant and have recently developed resistance to vancomycin, used successfully to treat MRSA for more than 30 years. In vitro determination of resistance patterns of S. aureus is critical in terms of administering suitable antimicrobial treatment. The objective of this study was to identify the frequency of S. aureus among diabetic and non-diabetic HD patients and to investigate resistance patterns against various antibiotics used broadly for treatment. This study was carried out between January 2004 and December 2004. In the present survey, 261 patients undergoing HD treatment from three HD units in Hatay were examined. A total of 148 Staphy-lococcus aureus strains were processed to assess their occurrence rates and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. S. aureus positivity was determined in 148 (56.7%) of the 261 HD patients and 26 (16.2%) of the 160 individuals in the control group. The difference was significant (p < 0.001). HD length was found to be 38.4 +/- 24.3 months in the patients of S. aureus carrier and 27.3 +/- 18.5 months in non-carrier patients. Significant correlation was also identified between durations those on HD and the isolation of S. aureus (p < 0.001). However, the carrier state was unrelated to the presence of diabetes mellitus (DM), age or sex. In conclusion, nasal carriage of S. aureus was found to be more prevalent in HD patients than that in those in the control group. Also, it is concluded that DM was not a risk factor for the nasal carriage of S. aureus. In addition, the rates of antibiotic resistance of S. aureus strains were found to be quite higher in HD patients than in the control group (p < 0.05).Öğe Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activities of some metal complexes with N?-(2-chloro-benzoyl)thiourea ligands: The crystal structure of fac- [CoL3] and cis-[PdL2](2005) Emen, M.F.; Arslan, H.; Külcü, N.; Flörke, U.; Duran, N.We report the synthesis, structural characterization and antimicrobial activities of N,N-dimethyl-N?-(2-chloro-benzoyl)thiourea (L1H) and N-pyrrolidine-N?-(2-chlorobenzoyl)thiourea (L2H) and their Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Pt(II), Pd(II) and Co(III) complexes. The structure of the prepared compounds was investigated by using elemental analyses, IR, 1H-NMR, UV-Vis, mass spectra and magnetic susceptibility. The prepared compounds were screened for their in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities. All compounds showed antimicrobial activity, however, the antibacterial efficacy is better than antifungal activity. Molecular structures of Co(L1)3 and Pd(L1)2 were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction methods. The ligands coordinate to Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Pt(II) and Pd(II) in a bidentate manner yielding essentially neutral complexes of the type ML2. The coordination polyhedra around the Co(III) ion are distorted octahedra.
