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Öğe Acute Kidney Injury Is Associated with Higher Serum Cys-C and NGAL Concentrations, and Risk of Mortality in Premature Calves with Respiratory Distress Syndrome(Mdpi, 2023) Ider, Merve; Ok, Mahmut; Naseri, Amir; Erturk, Alper; Parlak, Tugba Melike; Yildiz, Ramazan; Durgut, Murat KaanSimple Summary This study aimed to evaluate hypoxic acute kidney injury in premature calves with respiratory distress syndrome using kidney-specific biomarkers. Ten-term healthy calves and 70 premature calves with respiratory distress syndrome were included in the study. At admission and 72 h, arterial blood gas analysis to evaluate hypoxia and serum blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, phosphorus, cystatin-C, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, uromodulin, and liver-type fatty acid-binding protein concentrations were measured for evaluation of kidney functions. Acute renal failure developed in 38.5% of premature calves with respiratory distress syndrome. The mortality risk in premature calves with acute renal failure was four times higher than in those without acute kidney injury. In addition, serum cystatin-C and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin concentrations were significantly higher in calves with acute kidney injury than those without. In conclusion, it causes acute renal failure in premature calves with respiratory distress syndrome. Cystatin-C and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin were found to be useful markers of hypoxic-acute kidney injury in premature calves with respiratory distress syndrome. The purpose of the present study was to establish the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) and evaluate the usefulness of kidney-specific biomarkers in diagnosing AKI in premature calves with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Ten-term healthy and 70 premature calves with RDS were enrolled. Clinical examination, blood gases, and chemical analysis were performed at admission and 72 h. Serum concentrations of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cre), phosphorus (P), cystatin-C (Cys-C), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), uromodulin (UMOD), and liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) were measured to evaluate kidney injury. Our findings showed that 38.5% of the premature calves with RDS developed AKI. The RDS-AKI group had a 4-fold higher mortality risk than the RDS-non-AKI group. Cys-C, with 90% and 89% specificity, and NGAL, with 100% sensitivity and 85% specificity, were the most reliable biomarkers to determine AKI in premature calves. The usefulness of any biomarker to predict mortality was not found to be convincing. In conclusion, AKI can develop as a consequence of hypoxia in premature calves and may increase the risk of mortality. In addition, serum Cys-C and NGAL concentrations may be useful in the diagnosis of AKI in premature calves with RDS.Öğe Evaluation of clinical efficacy of gamithromycin in the treatment of naturally infectedneonatal calves with cryptosporidiosis(2021) Ok, Mahmut; Sevinç, Ferda; İder, Merve; Ceylan, Onur; Ertürk, Alper; Ceylan, Ceylan; Durgut, Murat KaanAim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical efficacy of gamithromycin in the treatment of naturally infected neonatal calves with cryptosporidiosis. Materials and Methods: 5-20 days old 20 diarrheic neonatal calves were used as material in this study. Diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis was made by microscopic examination and ELISA test. Calves shedding Cryptosporidium oocysts between 4 x 104 and 15 x 106 per gram in feces were included in the study. Hemogram and blood gases were measured at the beginning of the treatment and after the treatment. A single dose of 6 mg/kg body weight of gamithromycin was administered subcutaneously. Drug efficacy was assessed by evaluating the existence of diarrhea, oocyst shedding and body condition from day 1 to 5. Results: On 5th day, the medicated 6 calves had no oocysts, and number of oocysts in feces had been decreased in 11 calves on 5th day. Statistically significant difference (p<0.05) was observed in the blood values at the beginning of the treatment and after the treatment. Conclusion: It has been determined that based on both clinical improvement and decrease in oocyst count in feces, gamithromycin was found to have moderate effect in the treatment of cryptosporidiosis in naturally infected neonatal calves.Öğe Kuzu ve oğlak akut koksidiyozisinin tedavisinde toltrazuril’in tedavideki etkinliğinin değerlendirilmesi(Dicle Üniversitesi, 2019) Ok, Mahmut; İder, Merve; Durgut, Murat Kaan; Ceylan, Onur; Ertürk, AlperBu çalışmanın amacı, kuzu ve oğlak akut koksidiyozisinin tedavisinde toltrazuril’in tedavideki etkinliğini değerlendirmekti. Bu araştırmanın materyalini, 15-45 günlük koksidiyozisli 120 kuzu ve 20 oğlak oluşturdu. Kuzu ve oğlaklarda iştahsızlık, durgunluk, emme refleksinde ve canlı ağırlıkta azalma, dehidrasyon ve siyah yeşilimsi (çoğunluğunda) veya kanlı ishal gözlendi. Koksidiyozis tanısı dışkının mikroskobik muayenesi ile kondu. Kuzu ve oğlaklara 20 mg/kg dozunda oral yolla tek doz toltrazuril uygulandı. 120 koksidiyozisli kuzunun 115’i tedaviye cevap verirken, 5 kuzu tedaviye cevap vermedi. 20 koksidiyozisli oğlağın 19’u tedaviye cevap verirken, 1 oğlak tedaviye cevap vermedi. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışma kuzu ve oğlakların koksidiyozisinin tedavisinde toltrazuril’in oldukça etkili olduğunu göstermiştirÖğe Serum biomarkers of endothelial glycocalyx injury in canine parvoviral infection(Univ Austral Chile, Fac Ciencias Veterinarias, 2020) Naseri, Amir; Gulersoy, Erdem; Ider, Merve; Durgut, Murat Kaan; Erturk, Alper; Avci, Cagri; Koral, ErmanCanine parvoviral enteritis (PVE) is one of the most common diseases in young dogs. A range of diseases and inflammatory conditions can cause endothelial glycocalyx (eGCX) disruption, therefore, this study aimed to determine the presence of eGCX damage in dogs with PVE using serum biomarkers of eGCX. and to evaluate their prognostic importance among survivor and non-survivor dogs. Twenty dogs diagnosed with PVE and 10 healthy dogs of both sexes, mixed-breed, and under 6 months of age were included in the study. Clinical examination, blood gas analysis, and complete blood cell counts of the dogs were performed. To detect the eGCX injury, serum endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 (ESM-1), syndecan-1 (SDC-1), angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), and heparan sulfate (HS) levels were measured. Results showed that at the time of admission serum levels of ESM-1 were higher in dogs with PVE compared to that of the healthy dogs. Dogs with PVE were further assigned into two groups: survivors (n:10) and non-survivors (n:10). The ESM-1 had high sensitivity and specificity to differentiate between survivor and non-survivor dogs with values of 100% and 67%, respectively, with at an optimum cut-off point of >= 460 pg/mL. We concluded that higher levels of ESM- 1 in dogs with PVE may indicate eGCX injury when compared to healthy dogs. Also, the high levels of serum ESM-1 in non-survivor dogs suggest that serum ESM-1 may carry some prognostic usefulness for predicting mortality in dogs with PVE.Öğe Surveilling brain damage using brain biomarkers in hypoglycemic neonatal calves with diarrhea(Frontiers Media Sa, 2023) Ider, Merve; Naseri, Amir; Ok, Mahmut; Erturk, Alper; Durgut, Murat Kaan; Iyigun, Suleyman SerhatHypoglycemia is a condition associated with neonatal diarrhea in calves, leading to increased mortality and neurological clinical signs. The aim of the present study was to determine the development of brain damage in hypoglycemic calves with neonatal diarrhea and the diagnostic and prognostic significance of these biomarkers. Ten healthy and 50 hypoglycemic calves with diarrhea were included in the study. Clinical examination, blood gases and complete blood count were performed at admission. Blood serum calcium-binding protein B (S100B), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolysis isoenzyme-1 (UCHL-1), activitin A (ACT), adrenomodullin (AM) concentrations, and creatine kinase-BB (CK-BB) enzyme activity were measured using commercial bovine-specific ELISA kits to assess brain damage. Of the hypoglycemic calves enrolled in the study, 13 (26%) survived and 37 (74%) died. In addition, 32 (64%) of the calves had severe acidosis and 24 (48%) had sepsis. S100B, GFAP, UCHL-1, CK-BB (p < 0.001) and NSE (p < 0.05) concentrations were significantly higher in hypoglycemic calves compared to healthy calves, while ACT concentrations were lower. Blood glucose concentration was negatively correlated with serum S100B, GFAP, UCHL-1, and CK-BB enzyme activity and positively correlated with ACT in hypoglycemic calves (p < 0.01). Brain injury biomarkers were not predictive of mortality (p > 0.05). Morever, severe hypoglycemia, severe acidosis and sepsis variables were not found to have sufficient capacity to predict mortality when considered alone or together (p > 0.05). In conclusion, brain damage may develop as a consequence of hypoglycemia in calves. S100B, NSE, GFAP, UCHL-1, ACT, and CK-BB concentrations can be used to diagnose brain damage in hypoglycemic calves. However, the variables of severe hypoglycemia, severe acidosis, and sepsis together with the biomarkers of brain injury have a limited value in predicting the prognosis of neonatal calves with diarrhea.Öğe Toxocara vitulorum-eimeria spp. mixed infections and treatment in a 44-day-old Anatolian black calf(University of the Philippines at Los Banos, 2024) Ertürk, Alper; İder, Merve; Ceylan, Onur; Durgut, Murat KaanBackground: Toxocariasis and coccidiosis are common parasitic diseases affecting both farm animals and various species. While clinicians frequently diagnose these diseases in calves, mixed infections of toxocariasis and coccidiosis are exceptionally rare. Methods: A 44-day-old Anatolian black breed calf, presenting with tonic-clonic convulsions and abdominal pain, underwent laboratory and ultrasonographic examinations. Results: The laboratory findings indicated leukocytosis and hyperlactatemia in the calf. Ultrasonographic examination demonstrated intestinal dilatation and decreased motility. Stool analysis confirmed the presence of both toxocariasis and coccidiosis. Treatment with albendazole and toltrazuril led to the calf’s recovery without complications. Conclusions: This case report represents the first documented instance detailing laboratory and ultrasound findings, as well as the treatment outcomes, of a calf concurrently afflicted with toxocariasis and coccidiosis. The successful treatment with albendazole and toltrazuril suggests potential therapeutic efficacy against mixed infections of these parasitic diseases. © 2024, University of the Philippines at Los Banos. All rights reserved.
