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Öğe The effect of varying dietary energy on growth and feeding behaviour of common carp, Cyprinus carpio, under experimental conditions(Elsevier, 2005) Yilmaz, E; Sahin, A; Duru, M; Akyurt, IIn this study, it was aimed to determine the effects of five isonitrogenous (35% CP) diets I, II, III, IV and V, having respective energy contents 10.85,11.82,12.73,13.69 and 15.06 MJ DE kg(-1) on feeding behaviour and growth of common carp with relation to each other. These energetic diets were made by additions of different amount of soy-acid oil with equalizing dietary protein content. Experimental fishes were grouped as Group I, II, III, IV and V. Each group of fish was fed on their respective diet (Group I was fed diet I). Diets were offered to fishes twice a day as two meals at 9:00 a.m. and 17:00 p.m. for 60 days. Behavioural observations were recorded twice a week at 10 min intervals for I h period. Fish that had the lowest energetic diet showed the best growth and feed conversion ratio compared to those fed with higher energetic diets (P < 0.05). In addition, fishes that had the lowest energetic diet were more active than the others with respect to total (swimming + foraging + grouping + attention to servicer) activity (P < 0.01). The present results suggested that soy-acid oil should not be used in common carp diet to increase its energy content. Experimental fishes were more active in the mornings than evenings (P < 0.01), showing the common carp is a typical diurnal eater. In conclusion, the current results showed that high energetic diets decreased the appetite of fish, as evidenced the reduction in growth, feed intake, foraging activity and attention to the servicer. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Effects of raw material in finisher diet on broiler performance in choice feeding system(Eugen Ulmer Gmbh Co, 2006) Sahin, A; Duru, M; Kaya, S; Camci, ÖThis experiment was designed to assess the usage of wheat or maize with cotton seed meal in free choice feeding system under experimental condition with respect to feed intake, diet selection, growth performance and some carcass parameters in broiler chickens. In total, 114 female broiler chicks (28-d, 1416 +/- 14.5 g) were divided into 7 experimental groups, each including 15 to 17 birds kept individually. Control birds were fed finisher diet while treatment groups were subjected to free choice feeding with two different feeds - energetic diet, nitrogenous diet - which were offered to chicks in separate feeders simultaneously for 14 days. Six energetic feeds Were made by additions to finisher diet with either maize or wheat at 20%, 40% and 80%, separately, while 3 nitrogenous feeds were made by the same previous addition levels with cotton seed meal. Feeds having same inclusion rates for both energetic and nitrogenous diets were offered birds simultaneously to make treatment groups (20W&CSM, 20M&CSM, 40W&CSM, 40M&CSM, 80W&CSM, 80M&CSM). Finisher diet included 200 g crude protein and 12.97 MJ ME kg(-1). At the end of experiment, birds were sacrificed to determine their carcass parameters. The results showed that 20 and 40% dietary inclusion of raw materials to finisher diet in free choice feeding system provided similar performance and carcass parameters as' finisher diet alone, suggesting that finisher diet can be diluted 20% with one of ground cereals wheat or maize and cotton seed meal in free choice feeding system to save approximately 8% feed cost.Öğe Protective agent, erdosteine, against cisplatin-induced hepatic oxidant injury in rats(Springer, 2005) Koc, A; Duru, M; Ciralik, H; Akcan, R; Sogut, SCisplatin, one of the most active cytotoxic agents against cancer, has several toxicities. Hepatotoxicity is one of them occurred during high doses treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of erdosteine against cisplatin-induced liver injury through tissue oxidant/antioxidant parameters and light microscopic evaluation. The rats were randomly divided into three groups: control (n=5), cisplatin (10 mg/kg, n=6) and cisplatin+erdosteine (50 mg/kg/day oral erdosteine, n=8) groups. The rats were sacrificed at the 5th day of cisplatin treatment. The liver tissues were examined with light microscopy and oxidant/antioxidant biochemical parameters. The malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels were increased in the cisplatin group in comparison with the control and cisplatin+erdosteine groups (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in MDA and NO levels between control and cisplatin+erdosteine groups. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were higher in cisplatin+erdosteine group than cisplatin group (p < 0.05). However, the CAT and GSH-Px activities were significantly lower in cisplatin group than in control group (p < 0.05). The light microscopic examination revealed that cytoplasmic changes especially around cells of central vein were observed in cisplatin group. Hepatocellular vacuolization was seen in these cells. In the cisplatin plus erdosteine group, a decrease in cytoplasmic changes with the hepatocytes and sinusoidal dilatations around cells of central vein were noticed in as compared to cisplatin group. In the light of microscopic and biochemical results, it was concluded that cisplatin-induced liver damage in high dose and erdosteine prevented this toxic side effect by the way of its antioxidant and radical scavenging effects.Öğe The protective role of erdosteine on testicular tissue after testicular torsion and detorsion(Springer, 2005) Koc, A; Narci, A; Duru, M; Gergerlioglu, HS; Akaydin, Y; Sogut, STesticular torsion and detorsion are important clinical problems for infertile man and oxidative stress may have a role in this clinical situation. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective role of erdosteine, an antioxidant, on unilateral testicular reperfusion injury in rats. The rats were divided into four groups including seven rats in each group: control, torsion, torsion/detorsion and torsion/detorsion+erdosteine. Rats, except the sham operation group, were subjected to left unilateral torsion (720 degrees rotation in the clockwise direction) without including the epididymis. The experiments were finished after sham operation time for control, 120 min torsion for torsion group and 120 min torsion and 240 min detorsion for torsion/detorsion groups. Bilateral orchiectomy was performed for all groups of rats. The ipsilateral and controlateral testis were divided into two pieces to analyse biochemical parameters and to investigate the light microscopic view. Malondialdehyde level of ipsilateral testis was increased in torsion and torsion/detorsion groups in comparison with the other groups (p < 0.05). Erdosteine treatment ameliorated lipid peroxidation after torsion/detorsion in ipsilateral testis (p < 0.05). Also, xanthine oxidase activity of ipsilateral testis was increased in torsion/detorsion group in comparison with the others (p < 0.05). Nitric oxide (NO) level of ipsilateral testis was higher in all experimental groups than sham operated control group (p < 0.05). Also, NO level of torsion group was increased in comparison with detorsion groups (p < 0.05). Erdosteine treatment caused increased glutathione peroxidase activity in comparison with torsion and torsion/detorsion groups and catalase activity in comparison with the other groups in ipsilateral testis (p < 0.05). Superoxide dismutase activity of ipsilateral testis was higher in torsion/detorsion and torsion/detorsion+erdosteine groups than control and torsion groups (p < 0.05). The biochemical parameters were not affected in controlateral testis in all groups. Torsion, torsion/detorsion and torsion/detorsion+erdosteine groups showed ipsilateral testicular damage in the histological examination, but the specimens from torsion/detorsion had a significantly greater histological injury than those from the other groups (p < 0.05). Control rats showed normal seminiferous tubule morphology. Rats in torsion group had slight-to-moderate disruption of the seminiferous epithelium. Rats in torsion/detorsion group displayed moderate-to-severe disruption of the seminiferous epithelium. In all animals from torsion/detorsion+erdosteine group, the testicular tissues were affected with slight-to-moderate degenerative changes of the seminiferous epithelium. Administration of erdosteine resulted in a significantly reduced histological damage associated with torsion of the spermatic cord compared with torsion/detorsion. In all groups, the contralateral testes were histologically normal. In conclusion, the results clearly displayed that erdosteine treatment may have a protective role on testicular torsion/detorsion injury.Öğe QTc dispersion and P-wave dispersion during migraine attacks(Sage Publications Ltd, 2006) Duru, M; Melek, I; Seyfeli, E; Duman, T; Kuvandik, G; Kaya, H; Yalçin, FThe aim of this study was to investigate increase of QTc dispersion and P-wave dispersion during migraine attacks. Fifty-five patients (16-65 years of age, 49 women, six men) with migraine were included in our study. Heart rate, QTc interval, maximum and minimum QTc interval, QTc dispersion, maximum and minimum P-wave duration and P-wave dispersion were measured from 12-lead ECG recording during migraine attacks and pain-free periods. ECGs were transferred to a personal computer via a scanner and then used for magnification of x400 by Adobe Photoshop software. Maximum QTc interval (454 +/- 24 ms vs. 429 +/- 23 ms, P < 0.001), QTc interval (443 +/- 26 ms vs. 408 +/- 22 ms, P < 0.001) and QTc dispersion (63 +/- 18 ms vs. 43 +/- 14 ms, P < 0.001) were found significantly higher during migraine attacks compared with pain-free periods. Maximum P-wave duration (107 +/- 11 ms vs. 100 +/- 11 ms, P < 0.001) and P-wave dispersion (45 +/- 13 ms vs. 35 +/- 13 ms, P < 0.001) were found higher during migraine attacks than pain-free periods. We concluded that migraine attacks are associated with increased QTc and P-wave dispersion compared with pain-free periods.
