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Öğe Carcass and meat quality of lambs from thin-tailed and fat-tailed breeds at five different slaughter weights(Walter De Gruyter Gmbh, 2022) Ekiz, Bulent; Kecici, P. Dilara; Ograk, Y. Ziya; Yalcintan, Hulya; Ozturk, Nursen; Yakan, Akin; Demirel, GulcanIn lamb production, deciding the optimal slaughter weight (SW) has great importance on product quality. Aim of the study was to determine the optimum SW for lambs from a thin-tailed breed (Kivircik) and a fat-tailed breed (Kangal Akkaraman) in order to get high-quality meat and carcass. Kivircik (n=60) and Kangal Akkaraman (n=59) lambs were allotted to five SW groups (20, 28, 36, 44 and 52 kg). In Kivircik lambs, backfat thickness and fatness score gradually increased in parallel with the increase in SW, while the increase in the tail fat and kidney knob and channel fat (KKCF) proportions were observed by up to 36 kg. In Kangal Akkaraman lambs, evident increases in fatness parameters, except tail fat proportion, were observed when the SW increased from 44 kg to 52 kg. Meat pH, Warner Bratzler shear force (WBSF) and cooking loss values were not influenced by SW in lambs of both breeds. As SW increased in Kivircik lambs, there was a significant decrease in meat lightness and an increase in yellowness. In Kangal Akkaraman breed, lambs slaughtered at 20 kg and 28 kg had higher L* values, and lower a* and C* values than those of other SW groups. In Kivircik lambs, the total PUFA proportion and the sigma PUFA/sigma SFA ratio were lower in SW-44 and SW-52 groups than those of SW-20 and SW-28 groups. Decreases of these parameters were in SW-52 group in Kangal Akkaraman lambs. In meat samples of both breeds, SW-52 groups had a lower sigma n-3 proportion and a higher sigma n-6 / sigma n-3 ratio than other SW groups. In Kivircik lambs, the panellists evaluated the meat of SW-20 and SW-28 groups as tender than those in SW-44 and SW-52 groups. In Kangal Akkaraman breed, flavour intensity in the meat of SW-52 lambs was higher than those of SW-20 and SW-28 groups. Results of the study indicate that slaughtering of lambs at 20 kg and 28 kg in both breeds provided better meat quality but caused lower carcass weight. Therefore, slaughtering Kivircik and Kangal Akkaraman lambs at 20 kg and 28 kg live weight might be recommended especially to farmers, who aimed to obtain high-quality lamb meat. In this case, it should not be ignored that the amount of meat produced will be less. On the other hand, slaughtering lambs at about 44 kg weight could be recommended to farmers, who aimed to obtain as much quality lamb carcasses as possible without any negative influence on meat quality.Öğe CARCASS AND MEAT QUALITY OF MALE AND FEMALE WATER BUFFALOES FINISHED UNDER AN INTENSIVE PRODUCTION SYSTEM(Walter De Gruyter Gmbh, 2018) Ekiz, Bulent; Yilmaz, Alper; Yalcintan, Hulya; Yakan, Akin; Yilmaz, Ismail; Soysal, IhsanCarcass and meat quality of male and female Anatolian water buffaloes were investigated using 10 carcasses from each gender. Gender had no influence on carcass characteristics, except warm carcass weight, which was 13% higher in males compared to females. Meat from male water buffaloes had higher ultimate pH and lightness (L*), but lower redness (a*) values than females. Meat samples aged for 21 days had lower values for expressed juice, cooking loss and Warner Bratzler shear force compared with those of 7-day aged ones. Meat samples aged for 21 days had higher L* value at 1 h and 24 h after cutting, a* value at 1 h after cutting compared with those of 7-day aged meat samples. Gender had no effect on meat sensory characteristics. Meat from male water buffaloes had higher proportions of C14:0, C18:3 n-3, C20:2 n-6, C20:3 n-3 and C20:4 n-6 and Sigma n-3 fatty acids and lower Sigma n-6/Sigma n-3 ratio compared with female water buffaloes.Öğe Carcass and meat quality of organic lambs compared with lambs reared under traditional and intensive production systems(Csiro Publishing, 2016) Kocak, Omur; Ekiz, Bulent; Yalcintan, Hulya; Yakan, Akin; Yilmaz, AlperThe aim of the study was to compare the meat quality characteristics of male lambs reared under organic (n = 9), intensive (n = 10) and traditional (n = 10) production systems. The average daily gain of organic lambs (121.4 g) was lower than lambs of intensive (161 g) and traditional (157.8 g) systems. Production system had no significant effect on carcass weight and dressing percentage. Differences among production systems for meat pH, drip loss, cooking loss, shear force value and colour characteristics were not significant. Traditional lambs had a higher percentage of total polyunsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acid : saturated fatty acid ratio, whereas organic lambs had the highest percentage of total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and the lowest n-6 : n-3 ratio. In accordance with the meat fatty acid composition, meat from the organic and traditional systems used here was healthier than meat from intensive system. But the results of sensory assessment indicate that meat from traditional system was found more acceptable by panellists in terms of flavour intensity, flavour acceptability and overall acceptability when compared with that of organic meat.Öğe Finishing performance and meat fatty acid composition of hair goat and saanen × hair goat crossbred (F1 and B1) kids(Istanbul University, 2014) Ekiz, Bulent; Yilmaz, Alper; Yakan, Akin; Kaptan, Cuneyt; Hanoglu, HulyaIn this study; the finishing performance of Hair Goat and Saanen × Hair Goat crossbred (F1 and B1) kids and fatty acid composition of kid meats were investigated comparatively. Nine purebred Hair Goat, seven Saanen × Hair Goat crossbred (F1) and eight Saanen × Hair Goat crossbred (B1) male kids formed the material of this study. The kids were started to fattenning approximately at 75 days of age following a week for adoptation to feed. The finishing period lasted for 8 weeks. At the end of the 56 days in the finishing period the Hair Goat kids, Saanen × Hair Goat crossbred kids (F1 and B1) gained 2.77, 2.82 and 1.39 kg live weight, respectively (P>0.05) and the consumed feed for 1 kg of live weight gain were observed 10.76, 10.31 and 19.94 kg respectively. Between the genotype groups individual saturated fatty acids (SFA) and total SFA rate differences for M. longissimus dorsi were not significant (P>0.05). While monounsaturated fatty acid C17:1 and C18:1 differences were not found significant between the genotype groups (P>0.05); proportion of C14:1 and C16:1 were higher in Hair Goat kids than crossbred kids (P<0.05). The individual polysaturated fatty acid (PUFA), total PUFA, total n-3 PUFA and n-6 PUFA rate differences were not significant (P<0.05) between Hair Goat kids and Saanen × Hair Goat crossbred kids (F1 and B 1). The PUFA/SFA ratio in Hair Goat and crossbred kids (F1 and B1) were determined as 0.19, 0.29 and 0.29, respectively (P>0.05); also the n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios were found 4.52, 4.37 and 5.26, respectively (P>0.05). These results indicate that crossbreeding of does from Saanen × Hair cross (F1) and purebred Hair Goat genotypes with purebred Saanen bucks did not result in significant alterations in meat fatty acid composition. As a result; for the purpose of increasing the goat kid meat production in Marmara Region, the intensive finishing of Hair Goat kids and Saanen × Hair Goat crossbred kids (F1 and B1) immediately after the weaning at 2.5 months of age is not recommended due to low finishing performance for all genotype groups.Öğe Genotype, production system and sex effects on fatty acid composition of meat from goat kids(Wiley, 2015) Ozcan, Mustafa; Demirel, Gulcan; Yakan, Akin; Ekiz, Bulent; Tolu, Cemil; Savas, TurkerTwo trials were performed to assess the meat fatty acid profile of goat kids from different genotypes, production systems and sex. In the first trial, genotype effect was determined in 24 suckling male kids from Turkish Saanen, Maltese and Gokceada breeds. In the second trial, male and female Gokceada Goat kids were used to compare the effect of extensive and semi-intensive production systems on fatty acid composition of meat. Significant genotype effect was observed in the percentages of myristic acid (C14:0), palmitic acid (C16:0), oleic acid (C18:1 n-9), linolenic acid (C18:3 n-3), arachidonic acid (C20:4 n-6) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6 n-3), despite no differences on the ratios of polyunsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids (PUFA/SFA) and n-6/n-3 (P>0.05). The effect of production system had also significant effects on fatty acids, but sex only influenced significantly stearic acid (C18:0), C18:1 n-9 and C18:3 n-3 fatty acids and total PUFA level and PUFA/SFA ratio. This study confirms that dairy breeds are prone to produce higher levels of unsaturated fatty acids in their muscle. Meanwhile, meat from Gokceada goat kids, which is one of the indigenous breeds in Turkey, had similar PUFA/SFA and n-6/n-3 ratios to Turkish Saanen and Maltase.
