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Öğe Economic analysis of commercial goose breeding by small family farms(Cambridge Univ Press, 2012) Demir, P.; Elmali, D. AksuThis paper concentrates on revealing the economic significance of geese commercially raised by community in Kars province, which is very famous for geese reproduction in Turkey. In the survey, the hatchery efficiency has been determined to be 65.9% while the mortality rate after hatching is 8.7%. The survey revealed that small businesses on goose breeding typically are not profitable. However, because women are mostly in charge of taking care of geese, demanding no wages in return, the labour cost is very low, increasing the business profitability of goose breeding in this area. Consequently, the results of the survey have indicated that in order to increase performance of goose breeding and to raise the level of profit, contemporary goose breeding facilities, including infrastructure, should be constructed, and those who deal with goose breeding need to be trained in the technical aspects of production.Öğe Effects of dietary supplementation with distiller dried grain with solubles in growing lambs on growth, nutrient digestibility and rumen parameters(Ecole Nationale Veterinaire Toulouse, 2013) Sahin, T.; Kaya, O.; Elmali, D. Aksu; Kaya, I.This study aims to evaluate the effects of distiller dried grains with solubles (DDGS) incorporated to the concentrate ration in growing lambs on weight growth, food consumption and efficiency, nutrient digestibility and some rumen parameters. After a 15 days long adaptation period, the 2.53 month old male Tuj lambs were divided into 3 equal groups of 6 lambs each according to the proportions of DDGS (0, 10 and 20%) added to the concentrate in substitution of soybean meal. Food intake, weights and weight gains, food efficiency were recorded for 50 days then in the last week of the experimental period, nutrient digestibility rates were determined by collecting total faeces, and pH, concentrations of ammonia and volatile fatty acid were measured in ruminal fluid. Dietary DDGS addition has exhibited negative effects neither on growth performance, food intake of forage or concentrate and food efficiency nor on rumen parameters. However, the digestibility rates of dry and organic matters and of crude proteins were significantly depressed when 10% DDGS were used. These results show that DDGS at 20% can be used as a protein source in the growing lamb diet.Öğe Effects of plant extracts and (essential) oil mixture on breast meat quality of Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica)(Ecole Nationale Veterinaire Toulouse, 2014) Elmali, D. Aksu; Yakan, A.; Kaya, O.; Elmali, M.; Onk, K.; Sahin, T.; Durna, O.The objective of this study is to determine the effects of vegetable extracts and oil mixture, which is based on adding peppermint, thyme and anise to drinking waters, on the quality of breast meat in quails. Three groups of 14 quails (one-day old) with 7 males and 7 females were defined. The quails were fed ad libitum during 35 days with a 22% of crude protein and 12.9 Mj/kg of metabolizable energy diet. Two groups received fresh drinking water supplemented with 1 ml/5 l and 1.5 ml/5 l of plant extracts and oil mixture, respectively. The control group received non-supplemented drinking water. Several quality characteristics including pH, water-holding capacity, cooking loss, color, malondialdehyde, dry matter, crude ash, ether extract, crude protein, and fatty acids were defined in the breast meats of the quails slaughtered after the trial. No differences among the groups or sexes were defined for pH, water-holding capacity, cooking loss, color, dry matter, crude ash, ether extract, crude protein, and total and index values of fatty acids in the breast meat. At 24 hour the groups that were supplemented in oil mixture had a meat malondialdehyde level lower (P<0.05) than the control group. As a result, adding vegetable extracts and oil mixture to the drinking waters did not affect the breast meat qualities but increased significantly the antioxidant characteristics of the meat. Accordingly, it was concluded that addition of 1ml/5 l and 1.5 ml/5 l vegetable extract and oil mixture to the drinking waters of quails improve the quality of meat.Öğe Effects of supplementation with different amounts of malic acid to Tuj lambs diets on fattening performance, rumen parameters and digestibility(Ecole Nationale Veterinaire Toulouse, 2012) Elmali, D. Aksu; Sahin, T.; Kaya, I.; Unal, Y.In this study, the effects of concentrates including 0, 3 or 6 g/kg of malic acid on food intake, growth performance, food efficiency, nutrient digestibility and several rumen metabolite contents in Tuj lambs were analyzed. After a 15 days long adaptation period, a total of 15 male Tuj lambs, 3.5-4 months old, were randomly into 3 equal groups according to the malate contents (0, 3 or 6 g/kg) added to concentrates for 50 days. Neither the forage (hay meadow), concentrate, dry matter intakes, body weights and weight gains nor food efficiency were significantly modified in the supplemented lambs. In addition, no significant difference in the nutrient digestibility and in some rumen metabolite (rumen pH, ammonia and volatile fatty acids) concentrations were recorded between supplemented and controls lambs. It was concluded that malate can be included in rations for lambs up to 6 g/kg.Öğe Goose feeding by local breeders in Turkey(Cambridge Univ Press, 2012) Elmali, D. Aksu; Demir, P.The objective of this review was to identify the general condition of goose feeding by breeders in Kars province. For this survey villages in Kars, where goose breeding was carried out intensively, were identified and family enterprises that bred geese were interviewed face to face. A total of 64 questionnaires were obtained out of these interviews. As a result, it was determined that the number of eggs obtained from those stock which were fed on barley and forage before laying eggs was higher than the number of those which were fed on barley and bread (P < 0.01); however, feed which was fed during the laying period did not have a significant impact on the number of eggs that were laid (P > 0.05). It was also determined that 36% of the breeders grazed their goslings from the age of 10 days and 53% of the breeders grazed their goslings in meadows until November. Most of the breeders (45%) applied additional feeding to the stock 30 days before slaughter, and mean slaughter weight of geese at the end of the growing period (November) was 4.84 kg. Geese production by conventional methods in Kars uses a more specific feeding program for goslings, while feeding mature geese was not given much attention, and they were only subjected to an additional feeding program based on barley just before slaughter to increase attain desired live weight. It was concluded that by eliminating these shortcomings could improve egg productivity, live weight and slaughter weight.
