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    The Temple Church at Epiphaneia in Cilicia Pedias and its Terracotta Frieze
    (Koc Univ Suna & Inan Kirac Res Ctr Mediterranean Civilizations-Akmed, 2023) Erdogan, Orcun; Pamir, Hatice
    A large number of remains have been uncovered during the excavations carried out by the Hatay Archaeology Museum in Epiphaneia since 2006. One of the excavated buildings is the Temple Church first mentioned in 1892. The church lies on an ancient structure, presumably a Roman temple, situated about 40 meters south of the Colonnaded Street. It is a three-aisled church terminated by a semicircular apse with flanking chambers to the east and probably by a narthex to the west. Since only the lowest courses of the building are extant, it is difficult to ascertain the original appearance of the walls. Likewise, the majority of the architectural plastics have been lost. However, partly preserved remains at least show that most parts of the church were paved with mosaics while in other places paved with opus sectile, marble, and brick. The most extraordinary group of the finds is the architectural terracotta fragments. Based upon the forms such as dentils / geisipodes or cyma recta and various ornaments such as staurograms, crosses, swastika, acanthus, eggs and dart-like / ionic cymation and bead and reel-like motifs, these terracotta pieces are examined under three main types. Although no comparable in situ example was found in the Byzantine Empire, similar stone pieces from the early Byzantine and especially the Roman periods indicate that these architectural terracottas were a part of the entablature of the church. Archaeological finds demonstrate that both the church and the terracotta are dating from the fifth or sixth century.
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    WATER CISTERNS OF RURAL SETTLEMENTS IN SOUTHERN ANATOLIA IN LATE ANTIQUITY AND THE BYZANTINE PERIOD
    (Ege Univ, 2021) Erdogan, Orcun
    No extensive work has been published to date concerning the cisterns of southern Anatolia. Nor does the recent research present a comprehensive approach especially to the association of cisterns with buildings and open spaces as well as their stylistic features. From this point of view, this paper aims to fill a part of this lacuna by examining the potential role of cisterns located in the Late Antique-Byzantine countryside of southern Anatolia, namely in the areas of Lycia, Pamphylia, Isauria and Cilicia, on the basis of both archaeological and written evidence as well as the author's observation in the field. In this study, cisterns are evaluated under three main themes. The first presents such basic characteristics of the cisterns as form, material, capacity, decoration, construction techniques and purposes whilst it also examines the water sources and the ways of feedings of the cisterns. The second theme discusses the essential reasons for locating the cisterns at any point of the unstructured spaces of the settlement core such as streets, paths, alleys, public spaces and, of the land situated in the close vicinity of the inhabited area. The last section analyzes the associations of cisterns with churches along with their annexes, houses, olive oil and wine workshops in terms of function and location.